Honey, polen, and propolis extracts show potent inhibitory activity against the zinc metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase

Figures & data

Table 1.  Inhibitory effects of honey, pollen, and propolis extracts against hCA I and hCA II, from three different determinations.

Samples	Solvent	Concentration of extracted sample	Total polyphenolmg GAE/g sample	hCA IIC50 (mg/mL)	hCA IIIC50 (mg/mL)
Honey (Mad Honey; produced from Rhododendron ponticum)	Hexane	0.2 g/mL	10.86 ± 0.03	0.123	0.125
	Methanol	0.2 g/mL	11.97 ± 0.02	0.154	0.171
	Ethanol	0.2 g/mL	10.76 ± 0.01	1.705	2.830
	Water	0.2g/mL	10.48 ± 0.02	2.961	3.150
	SPE column	0.01 g/mL	95.46 ± 0.04	0.524	0.690
Pollen	Hexane	0.08 g/mL	50.06 ± 0.05	0.337	7.680
	Methanol	0.08 g/mL	52.40 ± 0.04	1.79	9.113
	Ethanol	0.08 g/mL	54.27 ± 0.03	1.602	7.540
	Water	0.08 g/mL	56.60 ± 0.03	2.72	5.144
	SPE column	0.01 g/mL	235.56 ± 0.04	0.260	1.010
Propolis	Hexane	0.08 g/mL	349.42 ± 0.10	0.056	0.066
	Methanol	0.08 g/mL	267.69 ± 0.16	0.066	0.087
	Ethanol	0.08 g/mL	257.42 ± 0.21	0.079	0.081
	Water	0.08 g/mL	13.45 ± 0.05	2.250	1.150
	SPE column	0.005 g/mL	464.40 ± 0.50	0.036	0.039
AAZ (acetzolamide)	—	—	—	365 nM	25 nM

Table 2.  The results of statistical analyses for correlation (R) between phenolic compounds content and inhibition of hCA I and hCA II isozymes.

	hCA I	hCA II
Total phenolic compounds	−0.58	−0.45
In honey extracts phenolic compounds	−0.27	−0.28
In pollen extracts phenolic compounds	−0.56	−0.90
In propolis extracts phenolic compounds	−0.87	−0.88