Pharmacological descriptors related to the binding of Gp120 to CD4 corresponding to 60 representative HIV-1 strains

Figures & data

Table 1.  The strain codes, clades, sequences, TCID50 values (median tissue culture infective dose) and percentages of neutralization in soluble CD4 (sCD4) (10 µg/mL) of the CD4-binding sites for the 60 gp120 strain panel considered.

S. no	Isolate	Strain code	Clade	Gp120 CD4-binding site sequence	TCID50	sCD4
1	92UG_029	AY713407	A	PLCVCTDNAKTSGGDEISRMWQRVGQVRDGGVGRGGGNMRD (123–126, 194, 196, 277–281, 362–365, 367, 368, 372, 419–426, 449–455, 465, 467–473)	33792	100
2	93RW_024	AY713406	A	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEISRMWQRTGQTRDGGNDRGGGDMRD (123–126, 198, 200, 281–285, 365–368, 370, 371, 375, 424–431, 454–460, 468, 470–476)	192	61
3	00KE_KER2008	AY736809	A	PLCVCTDNTKNSGGDEIMNMWQRTGQTRDGGNSRGGGDMRD (123–126, 203, 205, 286–290, 368–371, 373, 374, 378, 427–434, 457–463, 470, 472–478)	6947	2
4	00KE_KER2018	AY736810	A	PLCVCTDNAKTSGGDEISNMWQRVGQTRDGGNTRGGGDMRD (123–126, 192, 194, 275–279, 358–361, 363, 364, 368, 416–423, 446–452, 463, 465–471)	106	0
5	99KE_KNH1088	AY736811	A	PLCVCTDNAKTSGGDEISNMWQRTGQTRDGGNGRGGGNMKD (123–126, 200, 202, 283–287, 366–369, 371, 372, 376, 421–428, 451–457, 467, 469–475)	2172	0
6	99KE_KNH1135	AY736814	A	PLCVCTDNAKSSGGDEITRMWQRTGQTRDGGNTRGGGDMRD (123–126, 199, 201, 282–286, 365–368, 370, 371, 375, 425–432, 455–461, 469, 471–477)	874	14
7	00KE_KNH1144	AY736812	A	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEISNMWQRTGQTRDGGEGRGGGDMRD (123–126, 198, 200, 281–285, 365–368, 370, 371, 375, 425–432, 455–461, 469, 471–477)	874	18
8	00KE_KNH1207	AY736815	A	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEISNMWQRTGQTRDGGVGRGGGDMRD (123–126, 195, 197, 278–282, 362–365, 367, 368, 372, 418–425, 448–454, 462, 464–470)	905	1
9	00KE_KNH1209	AY736813	A	PLCVCTNNAKNSGGDEISNMWQRTGQTRDGGNGRGGGDMRD (123–126, 197, 199, 280–284, 364–367, 369, 370, 374, 422–429, 452–458, 466, 468–474)	192	12
10	00KE_KSM4030	AY736816	A	PLCVCTNNAKNSGGDEISNMWQRVGQTRDGGNTRGGGDMRD (123–126, 188, 190, 271–275, 354–357, 359, 360, 364, 411–418, 441–447, 455, 457–463)	309	0
11	94US_33931N	AY713410	B	PLCVCNNNAKTSGGDEISNRWQEVGKTRDGGKNRGGGDMKD (123–126, 192, 194, 275–279, 359–362, 364, 365, 369, 416–423, 446–452, 462, 464–470)	1748	55
12	90US_873	AY713412	B	PLCVCTNNAKTLGGDEISNMWQGVGKTRDGGNKRGGGDMRD (123–126, 195, 197, 278–282, 362–365, 367, 368, 372, 421–428, 451–457, 467, 469–475)	57501	17
13	85US_Ba-L	AY713409	B	PLCVCTNNAKISGGDEISNMWQEVGRTRDGGPERGGGDMRD (123–126, 199, 201, 282–286, 366–369, 371, 372, 376, 422–429, 452–458, 466, 468–474)	55938	95
14	90TH_BK132	AY736821	B	PLCVCTDNAKTSGGDEISNMWQEVGKTRDGGNQRGGGNMRD (123–126, 194, 196, 277–281, 361–364, 366, 367, 371, 416–423, 446–452, 462, 464–470)	1386	85
15	92FR_BX08	AY713411	B	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEISNMWQEVGKTRDGGSDRGGGDMRD (123–126, 188, 190, 271–275, 355–358, 360, 361, 365, 410–417, 440–446, 456, 458–464)	102828	5
16	89BR_BZ167	AY736820	B	PLCVCNDNAKTSGGDEISNMWQEVGKTRDGGNNRGGGDMRD (123–126, 200, 202, 283–287, 368–371, 373, 374, 378, 425–432, 455–461, 469, 471–477)	19302	89
17	84US_MNp	AY736819	B	PLCVCTDNAKTSGGDEISNMWQKVGKTRDGGKDRGGGDMRD (123–126, 201, 203, 284–288, 368–371, 373, 374, 378, 425–432, 455–461, 471, 473–479)	155	89
18	96TH_NP1538	AY713408	B	PLCVCTNNAKVSGGDEVSNMWQEVGKTRDGGNGRGGGDMRD (123–126, 187, 189, 270–274, 354–357, 359, 360, 364, 410–417, 440–446, 459, 461–467)	3920	14
19	90US_1	AY736817	B	PLCVCTNNARTSGGDEISNMWQEVGKTRDGGNKRGGGDMRD (123–126, 197, 199, 280–284, 364–367, 369, 370, 374, 420–427, 450–456, 466, 468–474)	7075	93
20	90US_4	AY736818	B	PLCVCTDNARTSGGDEISNMWQEVGKTRDGGTNRGGGNMKD (123–126, 212, 214, 295–299, 380–383, 385, 386, 390, 436–443, 466–472, 483, 485–491)	768	88
21	93IN_20635-4	AY713414	C	PLCVCTDNVKTSGGDEISNMWQEVGRVRDGGTERGGGDMRN (123–126, 195, 197, 278–282, 362–365, 367, 368, 372, 416–423, 446–452, 460, 462–468)	11841	96
22	98US_MSC5016	AY736822	C	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEISNMWQEVGRTRDGGTNRGGGDMRD (123–126, 200, 202, 283–287, 367–370, 372, 373, 377, 426–433, 456–462, 471, 473–479)	27877	75
23	93MW_965	AY713413	C	PLCVCTDNVKTSGGDEISNMWQGVGRTRDGGENRGGGDMKD (122–125, 196, 198, 279–283, 363–366, 368, 369, 373, 415–423, 446–452, 458, 460–466)	13033	44
24	90SE_364	AY833059	C	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEISNMWQGVGRTRDGGIDRGGGDMRD (123–126, 196, 198, 279–283, 362–365, 367, 368, 372, 410–417, 440–446, 454, 456–462)	71329	79
25	89SM_145	AY833060	C	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEISNMWQEVGQLRDGGNDRGGGDMRD (123–126, 197, 199, 280–284, 363–366, 368, 369, 373, 417–424, 447–453, 467, 469–475)	490	15
26	99ET_14	AY736823	C	PLCVCTNNAKISGGDEISNMWQEVGRTRDGGIIRGGGDMRD (122–125, 192, 194, 275–279, 359–362, 364, 365, 369, 407–414, 437–443, 450, 452–458)	362	14
27	02ET_288	AY713417	C	PLCVCTNNAKISGGDEISNMWQEVGRTRDGGMNRGGGDMRD (123–126, 204, 206, 287–291, 371–374, 376, 377, 381, 419–426, 449–455, 464, 466–472)	1349	37
28	01TZ_BD911	AY736826	C	PLCVCTNNVNTSGGDEISNMWQEVGRVRDGGGERGGGDMRD (126–129, 200, 202, 283–287, 366–369, 371, 372, 376, 421–428, 451–457, 465, 467–473)	18380	26
29	01TZ_A125	AY736824	C	PLCVCANNAKTVGGDEISNMWQRVGRTWDGGNNRGGGDMRG (123–126, 202, 204, 285–289, 370–373, 375, 376, 380, 426–433, 456–462, 470, 472–478)	426	6
30	01TZ_A246	AY736825	C	PLCVCTDNTKTSGGDEISNMWQGVGRTWDGGSGRGGGNMRD (123–126, 201, 203, 284–288, 369–372, 374, 375, 379, 427–434, 457–463, 471, 473–479)	206	9
31	98UG_57128	AY736829	D	PLCVCTNNAKISGGDEISNMWQGVGKTRDGGGARGGGDMRD (124–127, 207, 209, 290–294, 374–377, 379, 380, 384, 435–442, 465–471, 481, 483–489)	7769	25
32	93UG_065	AY713418	D	PLCVCTNNAKNSGGDEISNMWQGVGKTRDGGGNRGGGDMRD (123–126, 201, 203, 284–288, 369–372, 374, 375, 379, 426–433, 456–462, 471, 473–479)	309	12
33	99UG_A03349	AY736834	D	PLCVCTNNAKISGGDEISNMWQGVGKTRDGGGNRGGGDMRD (123–126, 191, 193, 274–278, 357–360, 362, 363, 367, 409–416, 439–445, 454, 456–462)	4345	61
34	99UG_A07412	AY736828	D	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEISNMWQGVGKTRDGGNTRGGGDMRD (123–126, 200, 202, 283–287, 367–370, 372, 373, 377, 421–428, 451–457, 465, 467–473)	11088	68
35	99UG_A08483	AY736827	D	PLCVCTNNAKISGGDEISNTWQGVGRTRDGGTNRGGGDMRD (123–126, 202, 204, 285–289, 370–373, 375, 376, 380, 427–434, 457–463, 472, 474–480)	33492	30
36	99UG_J32228	AY736831	D	PLCVCTNNAKISGGDEISNMWQGVGKTRDGGADRGGGDMRD (123–126, 187, 189, 270–274, 353–356, 358, 359, 363, 407–414, 437–443, 452, 454–460)	11089	30
37	99UG_D26830	AY736830	D	PLCVCTDNAKISGGDEITNLWQKVGRTRDGGHNRGGGDMRN (124–127, 194, 196, 277–281, 361–364, 366, 367, 371, 416–423, 446–452, 461, 463–469)	309	76
38	99UG_E08364	AY736832	D	PLCVCTNNVKNSGGDETSNMWQGVGRTRDGGNNRIGGDMRD (123–126, 187, 189, 270–274, 354–357, 359, 360, 364, 404–411, 434–440, 448, 450–456)	48	38
39	99UG_E13613	AY736833	D	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEISNMWQGVGTTRDGGADRGGGDMRD (122–125, 185, 187, 268–272, 351–354, 356, 357, 361, 408–415, 438–444, 454, 456–462)	693	74
40	00KE_NKU3006	AY736835	D	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEISNMWQEVGKTRDGGNTRGGGDMRD (123–126, 209, 211, 292–296, 375–378, 380, 381, 385, 435–442, 465–471, 479, 481–487)	23412	18
41	96TH_M02138	AY713424	A/E	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEVHNMWQETGQTRDGGINRGGGNMKD (123–126, 198, 200, 281–285, 364–367, 369, 370, 374, 418–425, 448–454, 462, 464–470)	464	10
42	90TH_CM235	AY736837	A/E	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEIHNMWQGAGQTRDGGAIRGGGNIKD (123–126, 200, 202, 283–287, 367–370, 372, 373, 377, 421–428, 451–457, 465, 467–473)	2896	1
43	90TH_CM240	AY736838	A/E	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEIHNMWQGAGQTRDGGVNRGGGNIKD (123–126, 199, 201, 282–286, 365–368, 370, 371, 375, 419–426, 449–455, 463, 465–471)	288	14
44	90TH_CM244	AY713425	A/E	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEIHNMWQGAGQTRDGGATRGGGNIKD (123–126, 204, 206, 287–291, 371–374, 376, 377, 381, 425–432, 455–461, 470, 472–478)	66048	2
45	96TH_NI1046	AY713421	A/E	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEIHNMWQEAGQTRDGGNNRGGGNMKD (123–126, 198, 200, 281–285, 365–368, 370, 371, 375, 425–432, 455–461, 469, 471–477)	724	11
46	99TH_NI1052	AY713423	A/E	PLCVCTDNAKTSGGDEIHNMWQGVGQTRDGGNTREGGNIKD (123–126, 215, 217, 298–302, 382–385, 387, 388, 392, 435–442, 465–471, 480, 482–488)	490	0
47	96TH_NI1049	AF070707	A/E	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEIHNMWQGAGQTRDGGANRGGGDIRD (123–126, 194, 196, 277–281, 361–364, 366, 367, 371, 415–422, 445–451, 459, 461–467)	327	19
48	98TH_N91251	AY713422	A/E	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEIHNMWQRAGQTRDGGGAREGGNIKD (123–126, 187, 189, 270–274, 354–357, 359, 360, 364, 408–415, 438–444, 454, 456–462)	25219	25
49	97TH_NP1525	AY713420	A/E	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEIHNMWQGVGQTRDGGDNRGGGNTKD (123–126, 201, 203, 284–288, 368–371, 373, 374, 378, 428–435, 458–464, 474, 476–482)	1629	22
50	97TH_NP1695	AY713419	A/E	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEIHNMWQGVGQTRDGGNNRGGGNIKD (123–126, 202, 204, 285–289, 368–371, 373, 374, 378, 423–430, 453–459, 466, 468–474)	1448	4
51	98US_MSC5007	AY736840	A/G	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEISNMWQKVGQTRDGGNNRGGGDMRD (121–124, 189, 191, 272–276, 357–360, 362, 363, 367, 415–422, 445–451, 459, 461–467)	1024	20
52	01CM_0002BBY	AY736843	A/G	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEISNMWQRVGQTRDGGNNREGGDMRN (122–125, 197, 199, 280–284, 364–367, 369, 370, 374, 420–427, 450–456, 465, 467–473)	38	7
53	01CM_0005BBY	AY736844	A/G	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEISNLWQKVGQTRDGGVNRGGGDMRD (122–125, 193, 195, 276–280, 360–363, 365, 366, 370, 413–420, 443–449, 458, 460–466)	53032	4
54	01CM_0008BBY	AY736845	A/G	PLCVCTNNAKNSGGDEISNMWQRVGQTRDGGNNRGGGDMRD (122–125, 191, 193, 274–278, 358–361, 363, 364, 368, 412–419, 442–448, 457, 459–465)	46092	8
55	02CM_0013BBY	AY736846	A/G	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEIMNMWQRVGQTRDGGNNRGGGDMRD (122–125, 200, 202, 283–287, 367–370, 372, 373, 377, 426–433, 456–462, 469, 471–477)	35502	77
56	02CM_0014BBY	AY736847	A/G	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEISNMWQKVGQTRDGGNGRGGGNMKD (120–123, 190, 192, 273–277, 358–361, 363, 364, 368, 416–423, 446–452, 465, 467–473)	29489	30
57	02CM_0015BBY	AY736848	A/G	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEISNMWQKVGQTRDGGNNRGGGDMRD (122–125, 199, 201, 282–286, 365–368, 370, 371, 375, 424–431, 454–460, 468, 470–476)	4370	0
58	01CM_1475MV	AY736842	A/G	PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEISRMWQRVGQTRDGGNNRGGGDMRD (122–125, 194, 196, 277–281, 361–364, 366, 367, 371, 418–425, 448–454, 462, 464–470)	437	10
59	02CM_1970LE	AY736841	A/G	PLCVCTNNAKISGGDEISNMWQRVGQTRDGGNNRGGGDMRD (122–125, 184, 186, 267–271, 351–354, 356, 357, 361, 409–416, 439–445, 453, 455–461)	1024	30
60	91FR_DJ263	AY736839	A/G	PLCVCTNNAKNSGGDEISNMWQKVGLTRDGGSNRGGGDMRD (122–125, 204, 206, 287–291, 370–373, 375, 376, 380, 435–442, 465–471, 479, 481–487)	5803	33

The numbering of the strains (S. no) shown here will be further used in plotting the descriptor values versus strain number (Figures 2 and 3). In the clades column (Cl.) the circulating recombinant form CRF01_AE and CRF01_AE are noted A/E and A/G respectively. The CD4bs sequences of each strain, comprising of 41 amino acids, are followed by the amino acids position in the whole gp120 sequence (written between brackets). The localization of these residues in the sequence of strain AY713410 is presented in Figure 1. The differences between the each of the 60 CD4bs sequences and the consensus sequence (PLCVCTNNAKTSGGDEISNMWQGVGQTRDGGNNRGGGDMRD) are highlighted by using bold, underlined characters.

Figure 1.  Homology modelling of free gp120 corresponding to strain code AY71341 (sequence number 11 out of the 60 strains considered). The 41 amino-acids of the CD4-binding site are bolded and underlined. The alignment follows Chen et al.².

Table 2.  Significant structural, energetical and sterical descriptors of the CD4-binding sites for the 60 gp120 strains and their statistics.

Strain	SAS of positive atoms (Å^2)	SAS ofnegative atoms (Å^2)	SAS of hydrophobic atoms (Å^2)	SAS of polar atoms (Å^2)	Solvation free energy (kcal/mol)	UE in vacuum (kcal/mol)	Total dipole (debyes)	Number of H-bond donor atoms
AY713407	755.80	1435.66	1219.73	973.18	−134.63	141.28	133.14	81
AY713406	690.74	1403.23	1021.70	1074.50	−138.33	143.26	166.58	85
AY736809	712.34	1511.98	1078.16	1148.93	−221.74	225.60	108.64	82
AY736810	697.24	1409.25	1115.62	992.78	−35.09	41.15	87.33	80
AY736811	678.67	1341.25	1012.59	1009.45	−91.09	96.63	122.70	80
AY736814	656.39	1371.05	1003.58	1025.20	−59.07	67.18	94.24	84
AY736812	650.36	1290.22	958.69	985.13	−55.67	55.44	156.58	80
AY736815	706.29	1408.77	1100.87	1015.69	−79.64	86.86	151.18	80
AY736813	728.15	1535.55	1132.63	1133.56	−108.78	111.16	168.83	83
AY736816	721.36	1441.85	1201.20	964.25	−176.75	181.11	156.83	83
AY713410	813.65	1369.31	1179.26	1004.39	−124.76	131.86	228.95	84
AY713412	694.14	1383.35	1120.40	958.75	−115.33	126.42	162.85	79
AY713409	777.51	1468.44	1254.34	1007.16	−89.09	92.50	177.83	75
AY736821	712.61	1390.65	1087.74	1020.89	−114.18	127.13	180.66	79
AY713411	778.42	1337.44	1119.78	999.34	−48.04	55.17	173.17	76
AY736820	707.39	1386.79	1155.50	941.07	−71.62	75.86	145.66	78
AY736819	700.07	1291.07	1096.83	903.57	−126.46	128.86	119.49	79
AY713408	699.97	1258.53	1123.68	839.13	−101.83	105.72	168.39	76
AY736817	753.33	1347.82	1120.84	982.29	−45.88	50.11	215.95	82
AY736818	723.72	1328.97	1128.50	925.35	−90.28	96.72	158.15	78
AY713414	744.36	1426.92	1130.18	1049.83	11.97	−12.75	244.05	77
AY736822	764.04	1461.23	1170.58	1056.13	−27.57	28.78	175.68	80
AY713413	751.17	1695.97	1174.68	1275.96	−69.65	69.26	204.99	77
AY833059	769.24	1428.13	1207.33	993.95	−14.06	17.09	160.12	77
AY833060	716.78	1376.04	1149.01	950.57	−22.69	26.63	263.53	75
AY736823	805.47	1439.43	1310.25	937.87	−6.97	3.00	143.69	76
AY713417	802.06	1481.91	1261.78	1026.50	−33.30	36.81	186.45	78
AY736826	736.52	1465.10	1185.39	1016.52	23.31	−26.73	195.89	75
AY736824	697.64	1424.26	1125.21	1001.04	−42.28	44.72	125.16	80
AY736825	709.96	1419.89	1140.64	993.75	−55.07	54.51	215.59	75
AY736829	788.07	1370.94	1165.63	994.79	−109.44	114.83	130.67	74
AY713418	754.40	1394.15	1160.41	991.24	−150.30	156.10	117.42	78
AY736834	695.04	1397.88	1113.74	982.02	−99.21	111.93	95.30	76
AY736828	857.41	1380.50	1266.69	974.46	−54.34	60.25	148.49	78
AY736827	732.15	1470.85	1156.78	1053.00	−132.93	141.18	97.26	80
AY736831	727.36	1337.05	1140.51	925.28	−131.97	139.88	162.79	74
AY736830	810.56	1400.76	1248.93	965.34	−97.55	107.20	98.73	82
AY736832	690.54	1463.77	1116.53	1043.13	−77.77	83.44	118.95	83
AY736833	681.78	1473.20	1107.23	1052.78	−78.97	86.36	189.81	73
AY736835	801.33	1421.42	1227.47	997.74	−102.82	107.64	192.50	78
AY713424	711.43	1425.76	1088.93	1050.60	−120.07	125.22	259.80	77
AY736837	740.08	1291.04	1150.37	882.58	−69.50	74.95	214.20	74
AY736838	755.64	1342.59	1161.51	938.28	−75.54	83.87	238.78	76
AY713425	631.48	1247.97	962.23	919.98	−42.85	47.34	230.68	75
AY713421	648.01	1438.78	1023.01	1065.56	−93.95	102.28	193.84	78
AY713423	697.34	1341.38	1036.84	1003.69	−116.70	118.87	172.21	75
AF070707	700.28	1461.25	1095.67	1069.48	−35.36	34.52	248.91	76
AY713422	635.19	1273.35	1010.71	900.07	−103.34	102.86	191.16	79
AY713420	652.60	1322.23	995.86	979.75	−81.37	88.69	222.19	77
AY713419	722.62	1391.75	1132.82	983.56	−151.32	163.62	202.67	78
AY736840	682.05	1389.20	1076.87	1002.15	−74.02	79.20	144.13	81
AY736843	688.17	1413.28	1102.87	1006.72	−122.04	124.86	179.85	85
AY736844	769.72	1339.15	1200.17	909.38	−57.79	61.81	186.59	79
AY736845	722.93	1538.81	1202.02	1060.06	−58.40	64.57	157.25	84
AY736846	715.06	1510.28	1095.18	1132.44	−137.72	143.97	156.04	82
AY736847	702.75	1371.71	1122.78	959.55	−117.58	125.42	143.97	79
AY736848	651.95	1411.73	1052.30	1014.91	−137.01	148.10	167.09	81
AY736842	694.86	1421.14	1049.84	1067.65	−117.59	126.38	80.33	86
AY736841	738.73	1530.61	1158.96	1112.74	−83.71	81.74	146.11	82
AY736839	828.32	1413.30	1259.24	986.19	−113.43	119.07	149.90	79
Mean	724.72	1405.27	1129.48	1003.86	−86.82	91.79	167.17	78.88
Standard deviation	49.41	76.96	76.86	70.62	45.93	47.81	44.23	3.18
Minimum	631.48	1247.97	958.69	839.13	−221.74	−26.73	80.33	73
Median	715.92	1406.00	1126.86	998.54	−89.68	94.57	164.72	79
Maximum	857.41	1695.97	1310.25	1275.96	23.31	225.60	263.52	86

Figure 2.  Variation of significant structural descriptors of the CD4-binding sites for the 60 gp120 strains. (a) SAS of positive atoms; (b) SAS of and negative atoms; (c) SAS of hydrophobic atoms; (d) SAS of polar atoms. The mean values and the standard deviations are noted in the higher right corner. The Y-axes are adjusted for a clearer representation of the descriptor variation.

Figure 3.  Variation of significant energetical and sterical descriptors of the CD4-binding sites for the 60 gp120 strains. (a) free solvation energy; (b) electrostatic surface potential energy (UE) in vacuum; (c) total dipole moment; (d) the number of hydrogen-bond donors. The mean values and the standard deviations are noted in the higher right corner. The Y-axes are adjusted for a clearer representation of the descriptor variation.

Chen B, Vogan EM, Gong H, Skehel JJ, Wiley DC, Harrison SC. Structure of an unliganded simian immunodeficiency virus gp120 core. Nature 2005;433:834–841.

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