A multicenter study: how do medical students perceive clinical learning climate?

Figures & data

Fig. 1.  CLCS in terms of subscales and themes.

Fig. 2.  The mean CLCS scores according to rotations.

Table 1 Mean total CLCS and subscale scores in terms of student characteristics

		CLCS		Clinical environment		Emotion		Motivation
		Mean±SD	t/F ^a (p)	Mean±SD	t/F ^a (p)	Mean±SD	t/F ^a (p)	Mean±SD	t/F ^a (p)
Gender	Female	118.08±20.54	1.80 (0.07)	74.46±16.17	1.14 (0.25)	23.81±7.20	1.10 (0.27)	19.80±2.66	3.93 (0.00)
	Male	116.38±21.29		73.63±16.46		23.45±7.04		19.29±3.06
Age	20–24	117.05±20.74	0.88 (0.37)	73.92±16.18	0.79 (0.42)	23.61±7.14	0.16 (0.86)	19.50±2.88	1.50 (0.13)
	25–29	118.43±22.60		74.90±17.59		23.70±6.93		19.82±2.88
Type of education program	TBL	118.09±21.92	1.29 (0.19)	73.86±16.96	0.32 (0.74)	24.52±7.54	3.85 (0.00)	19.70±2.76	1.75 (0.07)
	SBIP	116.78±20.47		74.11±16.02		23.20±6.88		19.45±2.93
Trainee/intern	Trainee	118.47±20.85	4.90 (0.00)	75.19±16.01	5.75 (0.00)	23.78±7.19	1.74 (0.08)	19.49±2.91	1.21 (0.22)
	Intern	113.08±20.75		70.28±16.77		23.12±6.87		19.67±2.79
Rotation	Internal medicine	112.62±20.30	2.29 (0.02)	74.40±16.06	1.22 (0.22)	22.19±7.05	11.08 (0.00)	19.47±2.86	1.14 (0.25)
	Surgical medicine	114.80±19.79		73.49±16.69		25.69±6.70		19.62±2.91
Perception of success	Poor	110.31±21.84	12.30^a (0.00)	71.59±16.84	3.13^a (0.04)	21.02±7.16	10.79^a (0.00)	17.69±3.43	61.31^a (0.00)
	Moderate	116.10±20.83		73.51±16.18		23.45±6.95		19.13±2.90
	Good	119.24±20.70		74.90±16.37		24.14±7.21		20.20±2.59

CLCS: Clinical Learning Climate Scale, SBIP: system-based integrated program, TBL: task-based learning.

^aOne-way ANOVA test.

Bold values indicate statistical significant values (p<0.05).

Fig. 3.  ARMS values for the subscales.

Fig. 4.  ARMS values for the medical schools.

The Clinical Learning Climate Scale

Item no.	Subscale	Theme	Items
1	CE	CT/S	Clinical instructors are enthusiastic while they provide training in the rotation.
2	CE	CT/S	Clinical instructors have good teaching skills.
3	M	IM	I enjoy giving care to patients.
4	E	SR	During this rotation/internship, I had enough time to study on my own.
5*	E	Mo	Students are depressed during this rotation/internship.
6	M	IM	I have good relationships with my friends at school.
7	CE	CT/S	In this rotation, clinical instructors are understanding toward the students and are attentive to their relationship with the students.
8	CE	CT/S	In this rotation, specialists/assistants are satisfied with their role and responsibility in students’ training.
9	CE	CT/S	In this rotation, clinical instructors teach the necessary information related to patient care.
10	CE	CTP	In this rotation, students’ performances are assessed fairly.
11	M	IM	I want to become a doctor.
12	E	Mo	During this rotation/internship, I felt healthy.
13	CE	CT/S	Clinical instructors behave patiently if the students in the rotation fail to know a topic.
14	CE	CT/S	Clinical instructors are open-minded toward students’ opinions and thoughts in the rotation.
15	CE	CTP	In this rotation, clinical instructors clearly indicate what is expected from the students during the learning process in advance.
16	CE	IA	In this rotation, specialists/assistants show respect to the students.
17	M	IM	I am willing to learn issues related to my profession.
18	E	SR	During this rotation/internship, I had enough time to relax.
19*	E	Mo	Students are tense during this internship.
20	CE	CT/S	In this rotation, clinical instructors are good role models in terms of ethics.
21	CE	IA	In this rotation, clinical instructors show respect to the students.
22	CE	IA	In this rotation, students can easily access specialists/assistants when they need help.
23	CE	CTP	In this rotation, students receive good education.
24	CE	CTP	In this rotation, achievement levels expected from the students are attainable.
25	E	SR	I was able to take some time to myself during this rotation/internship.
26*	E	Mo	Students are anxious during this rotation/internship.
27	CE	CT/S	In this rotation, clinical instructors believe that the students bear responsibility for learning.
28	CE	CTP	In this rotation, equipment and materials to be used in practices can be easily accessed.
29	E	Mo	During this rotation/internship, I felt exhausted.
30	M	IC	I am proud of my school.
31	CE	CT/S	In this rotation, clinical instructors believe wholeheartedly that each student will be successful.
32	CE	IA	In this rotation, students can easily access faculty members when they need help.
33	CE	IA	In this rotation, relationships between superordinates and subordinates are not strict; there is an equalitarian atmosphere.
34	CE	IA	In this rotation, all students are treated equally.
35	CE	CTP	Questions asked in the exam(s) in this rotation have been designed to measure all the learning objectives.
36	CE	CT/S	In this rotation, clinical instructors give good service to patients.

*Reversely encoded.

CE: Clinical environment, E: Emotion, M: Motivation, CT/S: clinical teacher/instructor/supervisor, CTP: clinical training program, IA: students’ interactions in clinical settings, SR: self-realization, Mo: mood, IM: students’ intrinsic motivation, IC: institutional commitment.