Neurodegenerative disorders management: state-of-art and prospects of nano-biotechnology

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are highly prevalent among the aging population. It affects primarily the central nervous system (CNS) but the effects are also observed in the peripheral nervous system. Neural degeneration is a progressive loss of structure and function of neurons, which may ultimately involve cell death. Such patients suffer from debilitating memory loss and altered motor coordination which bring up non-affordable and unavoidable socio-economic burdens. Due to the unavailability of specific therapeutics and diagnostics, the necessity to control or manage NDs raised the demand to investigate and develop efficient alternative approaches. Keeping trends and advancements in view, this report describes both state-of-the-art and challenges in nano-biotechnology-based approaches to manage NDs, toward personalized healthcare management. Sincere efforts are being made to customize nano-theragnostics to control: therapeutic cargo packaging, delivery to the brain, nanomedicine of higher efficacy, deep brain stimulation, implanted stimulation, and managing brain cell functioning. These advancements are useful to design future therapy based on the severity of the patient’s neurodegenerative disease. However, we observe a lack of knowledge shared among scientists of a variety of expertise to explore this multi-disciplinary research field for NDs management. Consequently, this review will provide a guideline platform that will be useful in developing novel smart nano-therapies by considering the aspects and advantages of nano-biotechnology to manage NDs in a personalized manner. Nano-biotechnology-based approaches have been proposed as effective and affordable alternatives at the clinical level due to recent advancements in nanotechnology-assisted theragnostics, targeted delivery, higher efficacy, and minimal side effects.

Keywords:

• Neurodegenerative disorders
• brain stimulation
• nano drug delivery system
• nanomedicine
• nano-therapies
• personalized health wellness

Acknowledgments

Raj Kumar acknowledges the Bar-Ilan University, Israel, University of Michigan, and University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA. K. R Aadil thanks to Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, for awarding National Postdoctoral Fellowship (NPDF/2016/001156). Kunal Mondal gratefully acknowledges the Energy & Environment S & T at the Idaho National Laboratory, USA for their support.

Disclosure statement

All authors declared there is no conflict of interest.