Speech-language pathologists’ practices in augmentative and alternative communication during early intervention

Abstract

This survey study examined augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) practices reported by early intervention speech-language pathologists (SLPs) across the United States (N = 376). The study examined (a) types of AAC that SLPs reported using (i.e., sign language, photographs, pictures, symbols, talking switches, and iPad apps or dedicated speech-generating devices); (b) SLPs’ perspectives on the influence of child spoken language ability on AAC recommendations; (c) factors that influenced AAC decision-making within early intervention; and (d) perceived barriers associated with AAC implementation. SLPs reported that they were significantly more likely to introduce all types of AAC to children without spoken language abilities compared to children in later stages of language development. On average, they were most likely to report using or recommending sign language and photographs, and least likely to report using or recommending talking switches or speech-generating devices. Of the options provided, child expressive and receptive language abilities were rated as the most important factors to consider when determining AAC use, followed by cognitive ability, diagnosis, and chronological age. SLPs identified caregiver buy-in and carryover across providers as the most significant barriers to AAC implementation. Recommendations for future research and current AAC practices within early intervention are discussed.

Keywords:

• Augmentative and alternative communication
• early intervention
• practices
• speech-language pathologist

Acknowledgements

The authors would especially like to thank the participating clinicians. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Notes

1 Apple, Inc. (2010). iPad© Cupertino, CA, USA

2 Mayer-Johnson Co. (1989). Boardmaker™ [Computer software]. Solana Beach, CA, USA

3 AbleNet, Inc. (n.d.). BIGmack®. Roseville, MN, USA

4 Augmentative Communications Consultants, Inc. (n.d.) Step-by-Step^TM. Moon Township, PA, USA

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health [Grant Numbers: T32HD007489 (Hartley), U54 HD090256 (Chang), T32 DC005359 (Ellis Weismer), and F31 DC018716 (Lorang)].