Development of an observational measure of therapy engagement for pediatric rehabilitation

Abstract

Purpose: The Pediatric Rehabilitation Intervention Measure of Engagement-Observation (PRIME-O) version was designed to capture signs of affective, cognitive and behavioral involvement for clients and service providers and in the client-provider interaction.

Methods: Phase 1 examined interrater consensus and construct validity of a pilot version, using observer ratings of engagement indicators made while viewing videos of therapy sessions differing in high and low engagement (Sample 1). Phase 2 examined these properties in a 10-item version (Samples 2 and 3). Phase 3 examined the content validity of the 10-item version, using observed signs of child, youth and parent engagement, as reported in an interview study involving 10 service providers.

Results: There was excellent interrater consensus for both versions and ratings significantly discriminated between videos differing in high and low engagement, providing evidence for construct validity. Content validity was demonstrated by service provider reports of engagement signs. More behavioral signs were reported for children and more cognitive signs were reported for youth and parents, providing evidence for the developmental appropriateness of the PRIME-O.

Conclusions: The PRIME-O provides a multifaceted view of affective, cognitive and behavioral components of engagement in pediatric rehabilitation. The PRIME-O has potential utility for research, clinical practice and continuing education.

Implications for Rehabilitation

• Measures of engagement in therapy are needed to identify factors associated with successful therapy sessions and positive client outcomes.

• The PRIME-O is an observational measure that captures indicators of affective, cognitive and behavioral components of engagement for both clients and service providers.

• The PRIME-O may further help in understanding of the strategies service providers can use to facilitate an optimal state of engagement within a therapy session.

• Clinical practice may be enhanced by attending to the client’s signals of engagement in therapy.

• The PRIME-O can help service providers to more accurately identify signs of engagement and disengagement, monitor their own success in creating an engaging intervention atmosphere, and instigate strategies to optimize engagement.

Keywords:

• Client-provider interactions
• client involvement
• construct validity
• engagement
• intervention process
• measure development
• motivation
• pediatric rehabilitation

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the contributions of Adeeta Aulakh, Heidi Schwellnus, Roger Ideishi, Barb Pizzutilo, Nancy Ryan, Rachel D’Arrigo, and other members of the Pediatric Rehabilitation Intervention Measure of Engagement (PRIME) research team.

Disclosure statement

The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this paper.

Funding

This work was funded by an operational grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) [MOP-133397]. Gillian King holds the Canada Research Chair in Optimal Care for Children with Disabilities, funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.