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Original Articles

Priorities for early hearing detection and intervention in sub-Saharan Africa

Pages S3-S13 | Received 28 May 2008, Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Sub-Saharan Africa not only has the highest rates of neonatal, infant, and child mortality worldwide but also accounts for a significant proportion of the global burden of permanent congenital and early-onset hearing loss (PCEHL). This article explores the diverse psychosocial, educational, and economic consequences of PCEHL in the region and highlights the interrelationships between this condition and the crucial domains of early childhood development. It also examines relevant levels of prevention and current practices within the context of the birthing patterns and routine immunization schedules in the first three months of life. It presents practical options for addressing the needs of children with PCEHL and their parents against the backdrop of the prevailing health and socioeconomic conditions. It concludes by underscoring the crucial dimensions of culturally-sensitive interventions as well as the need for ear-care professionals in each country to take advantage of the growing global initiatives for hearing impairment prevention within a multidisciplinary framework to advance the best interests of the affected children and their families.

Abbreviations
AABR=

Automated auditory brainstem response

BCG=

Bacille de Calmette-Guérin

DPT=

Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus

DPOAE=

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions

PCEHL=

Permanent congenital and early-onset hearing loss

TEOAE=

Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions

Abbreviations
AABR=

Automated auditory brainstem response

BCG=

Bacille de Calmette-Guérin

DPT=

Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus

DPOAE=

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions

PCEHL=

Permanent congenital and early-onset hearing loss

TEOAE=

Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions

El África Sub-Sahariana no solo tiene la tasa más alta de mortalidad neonatal e infantil en el mundo sino que también que también aporta una significativa proporción de la carga global de trastornos auditivos congénitos y de aparición temprana permanentes (PCEHL). Este artículo explora las diversas consecuencias psico-sociales, educacionales y económicas de los PCEHL en la región y destaca la inter-relación entre esta condición y los ámbitos cruciales del desarrollo en la niñez temprana. También examina los niveles relevantes de prevención dentro del contexto de los patrones de nacimientos y de los esquemas rutinarios de inmunizaciones en los primeros tres meses de vida. Presenta opciones prácticas para manejar las necesidades de los niños con PCEHL y de sus padres contra el telón de fondo de las condiciones socioeconómicas y de salud prevalentes. Concluye recalcando las dimensiones cruciales de las intervenciones culturales delicadas, así como la necesidad de profesionales para atención de los problemas del oído en cada país, para sacar ventaja de las crecientes iniciativas globales para la prevención de los trastornos auditivos dentro de un marco multi-disciplinario, y para favorecer así los mejores intereses de los niños afectados y de sus familias.

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