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ABSTRACT
Due to its promising features and cost-effectiveness, bacterial cellulose (BC) has been widely investigated as a wound dressing and tissue engineering scaffold. However, it fails to support cell adhesion and proliferation faultlessly, which is necessary to ensure cell viability and subsequent tissue regeneration. In this work, to bypass weak cell adhesion and proliferation, introducing the carboxyl functional group into BC was performed through in situ modification with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). In addition, to endow CMC-modified BC with the ability to stimulate collagen synthesis and improve wound healing, Pal-KTTKS peptide was incorporated onto the scaffold. The pore size, fiber diameter, fiber architecture, and porosity of each scaffold were evaluated using SEM analysis. FTIR, XRD, and water contact angle (WCA) were performed to assess the physicochemical properties of scaffolds. The cell adhesion, morphology, proliferation, and spreading were investigated through DAPI staining and SEM. The modification of BC with CMC led to minor changes in physical properties and improved cell adhesion and proliferation. In addition, the enriched scaffolds with Pal-KTTKS did not cause any significant cytotoxicity. Findings suggest that CMC modification improves BC performance in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation. Thus, this modification approach holds remarkable promise for using CMC-modified BC sole or with Pal-KTTKS in various tissue engineering applications like wound tissue regeneration.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Schematic illustration of the pristine and modified BC scaffolds preparation. Pristine BC, CMC-modified BC (CMC-BC), KTTKS-modified CMC-BC (KTTKS-CMC-BC).
Acknowledgments
This study was financially assisted by the fund from the Council for Development of Stem Cell Sciences and Technologies, Vice -Presidency for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran (NO. 11/57474) and also a part of the study has been financially assisted by fund from the School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, tehran, Iran (NO. 24960).
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
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Notes on contributors
Mehdi Rasouli
Mehdi Rasouli received his DVM from the University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran in 2015. Currently he is a PhD candidate in Applied Cell Science and about to graduate from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. His research interests are mesenchymal stem cells, tissue engineering, bacterial cellulose, wound healing and translational medicine.
Simzar Hosseinzadeh
Simzar Hosseinzadeh received her PhD in medical nanotechnology from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2016. She is assistant professor at Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Her research interests are medical nanotechnology, tissue engineering, microfluidic systems, and nanoparticles synthesis.
Seyedeh Maryam Mortazavi
Seyedeh Maryam Mortazavi received her PhD in Pharmaceutics from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2019. She is assistant professor at Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Her research interests are Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacy, Peptide Synthesis, Dermatology, and Skin Aging.
Roya Fattahi
Roya Fattahi received her PhD in tissue engineering from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2023. Her research interests tissue engineering, scaffold synthesis, regenerative medicine, osteogenesis.
Javad Ranjbari
Javad Ranjbari obtained his PhD in pharmaceutical biotechnology from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2018. He is assistant professor at Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. He is focusing on protein and peptide therapeutics, recombinant protein production, and process optimization.
Masoud Soleimani
Masoud Soleimani is a distinguished Professor in stem cells. He received his PhD in Hematology from Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran in 2004. He is full professor at Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. He is focusing on Stem cells, Tissue Engineering, and MicroRNA.