Androgen deficiency in males

Abstract

The terms androgen deficiency, testosterone-deficiency syndrome and male hypogonadism have been used interchangeably. It is a clinical condition affecting a significant number of men in the US and worldwide, and is under-recognized and under-treated. The prevalence of low testosterone levels is higher in certain disease states, as specified by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), the Endocrine Society, International Society of Andrology (ISA), International Society for the Study of the Aging Male (ISSAM), European Association of Urology (EAU), European Academy of Andrology (EAA) and American Society of Andrology (ASA). Initial signs and symptoms of low testosterone may include diminished energy, low libido and erectile dysfunction. Adequate testosterone levels are necessary for symptom resolution and positive effects on body composition, bone mineral density, mood, well-being, libido and sexual function.

Keywords::

• androgen deficiency
• hypogonadism
• hypothalamus
• pituitary
• sex-hormone binding globulin
• testes
• testosterone

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The authors are employees of Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. No branded products were mentioned in this review. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.