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Abstract
Despite its increasing incidence over the last 30 years, the mortality rate of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has decreased significantly. Nevertheless, a minority of patients still present with an aggressive form of PTC that can lead to death, even after a prolonged period of survival. Many classifications exist that allow one to stratify the clinical risk of recurrence and death in patients with PTC; however, the parameters upon which they are established are pathological and molecular and, therefore, are revealed only after surgery. The preoperative identification of these aggressive variants of PTC would allow one to schedule a more aggressive operation (e.g., total thyroidectomy together with central and/or mono- or bi-lateral node dissections) in patients with high-risk PTC. This article reviews the parameters used most commonly to differentiate low-risk PTCs from their more aggressive variants and describes some of the newest molecular therapies for this latter group of tumors.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.
Writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript. The paper has been exclusively edited in scientific English language by the American Journal Expert Society.