Metabolism, pharmacokinetics and excretion of the GABA_A receptor partial agonist [¹⁴C]CP-409,092 in rats

Abstract

1. The metabolism and excretion of a GABA_A partial agonist developed for the treatment of anxiety, CP-409,092; 4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid (4-methylaminomethyl-phenyl)-amide, were studied in rats following intravenous and oral administration of a single doses of [¹⁴C]CP-409,092.

2. The pharmacokinetics of CP-409,092 following single intravenous and oral doses of 4 and 15 mg kg⁻¹, respectively, were characterized by high clearance of 169 ± 18 ml min⁻¹ kg⁻¹, a volume of distribution of 8.99 ± 1.46 l kg⁻¹, and an oral bioavailability of 2.9% ± 3%.

3. Following oral administration of 100 mg kg⁻¹ [¹⁴C]CP-409,092, the total recovery was 89.1% ± 3.2% for male rats and 89.3% ± 0.58% for female rats. Approximately 87% of the radioactivity recovered in urine and faeces were excreted in the first 48 h. A substantial portion of the radioactivity was measured in the faeces as unchanged drug, suggesting poor absorption and/or biliary excretion. There were no significant gender-related quantitative/qualitative differences in the excretion of metabolites in urine or faeces.

4. The major metabolic pathways of CP-409,092 were hydroxylation(s) at the oxo-tetrahydro-indole moiety and oxidative deamination to form an aldehyde intermediate and subsequent oxidation to form the benzoic acid. The minor metabolic pathways included N-demethylation and subsequent N-acetylation and oxidation.

5. The present work demonstrates that oxidative deamination at the benzylic amine of CP-409,092 and subsequent oxidation to form the acid metabolite seem to play an important role in the metabolism of the drug, and they contribute to its oral clearance and low exposure.

Keywords::

• Metabolism
• pharmacokinetics
• GABA_A receptor
• CP-409,092
• oxidative deamination reactions

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Hongying Gao for her bioanalysis efforts on the rat intravenous pharmacokinetic data; Ms B. Obach for carrying out the mass balance study; and Dr Kathy Zandi for synthesizing radiolabelled CP-409,092.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.