The effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees extract and diterpenoids on the CYP450 isoforms’ activities, a review of possible herb–drug interaction risks

Abstract

Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees is a popular medicinal plant and its components are used in various traditional product preparations. However, its herb-drug interactions risks remain unclear. This review specifically discusses the various published studies carried out to evaluate the effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees plant extracts and diterpenoids on the CYP450 metabolic enzyme and if the plant components pose a possible herb-drug interaction risk. Unfortunately, the current data are insufficient to indicate if the extracts or diterpenoids can be labeled as in vitro CYP1A2, CYP2C9 or CYP3A4 inhibitors. A complete CYP inhibition assay utilizing human liver microsomes and the derivation of relevant parameters to predict herb-drug interaction risks may be necessary for these isoforms. However, based on the current studies, none of the extracts and diterpenoids exhibited CYP450 induction activity in human hepatocytes or human-derived cell lines. It is crucial that a well-defined experimental design is needed to make a meaningful herb-drug interaction prediction.

• Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees
• cytochrome P450
• herb–drug interactions

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the R&D Initiative Grant, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Malaysia for financing the herb–drug interaction projects in IPharm.

Declaration of interest

The authors would like to declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Authors’ contributions

MLT and LEL carried out literature search and draft the manuscript/table. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.