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Original Article

Xylitol as a prophylaxis for acute otitis media: Systematic review

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Pages 754-761 | Received 12 Mar 2010, Accepted 13 May 2010, Published online: 27 Sep 2010
 

Abstract

Abstract

A systematic review was conducted to evaluate evidence regarding xylitol, a sugar alcohol, as a prophylaxis for acute otitis media (AOM) in children. The authors searched PubMed and other databases to identify evidence. Criteria for included studies were: appear in English-language, peer-reviewed journals; at least quasi-experimental designs; use xylitol; and present outcome data. The authors completed evaluation forms for the included studies at all phases of the review. The authors reviewed 1479 titles and excluded 1435. Abstracts and full texts were reviewed for the remaining 44; four randomized controlled trials met inclusion criteria. Xylitol was a generally well accepted prophylaxis for AOM with few side effects when administered via chewing gum or syrup at 10 g/day given five times daily. Meta-analysis revealed significant treatment effects (Risk ratio = 0.68; 95% confidence interval = 0.57 to 0.83). Xylitol can be a prophylaxis for AOM, but warrants further study, especially of vehicles other than chewing gum for young children, and information is needed regarding cost, duration of administration required, and expected long-term effects.

Sumario

Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática para evaluar la(s) evidencia(s) sobre el Xylitol, un alcohol de azúcar, como profiláctico para la otitis media aguda en niños (AOM). Los autores buscaron en PubMed y en otras bases de datos para identificar las evidencias. Los criterios para incluir los estudios fueron: que apareciera en idioma inglés, en revistas revisadas por científicos de la misma disciplina con un diseño al menos quasi experimental; con uso de Xylitol y con resultados. Los autores completaron las formas de evaluación para los estudios incluidos en todas las fases de la revisión. Los autores revisaron 1479 títulos y excluyeron 1435. Se revisaron sumarios y artículos completos de los 44 restantes; cuatro ensayos clínicos aleatorios controlados cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. En general el Xylitol fue bien tolerado en la profilaxis de la AOM con pocos efectos colaterales cuando se administró en goma de mascar o sirope a dosis de 10g/día en cinco tomas. El meta-análisis reveló efectos terapéuticos significativos (tasa de riesgo de 0.68; intervalo de confianza del 95% 0.57 a 0.83) El Xiylitol puede ser una profilaxia para la AOM, pero se requieren más estudios, especialmente acerca de otros vehículos distintos a la goma de mascar para niños pequeños, y es necesaria mayor información sobre los costos, la duración requerida y los efectos esperados a largo plazo.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Amro Amer, RPH, MBA, Charles E. Cresawn, Kimberly J. Danhauer, Suzanne Rotan, Tasha Snelson, Jennifer Stockwell, and Matthew D. Young for comments on the study design and versions of this manuscript. We are especially grateful to Neil G. Corbin for assistance with statistical interpretation.

Declaration of interests: This research was supported in part by a University of California Santa Barbara Faculty Research Assistance Program Grant # 404075-19900-7. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

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