44
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Static and dynamic MRI features of the levator ani and correlation with severity of genital prolapse

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 1468-1475 | Received 17 Aug 2006, Published online: 03 Aug 2009

References

  • Azpiroz F, Fernandez-Fraga X, Merletti R, Enck P. The puborectalis muscle. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2005; 17: 68–72
  • Singh K, Reid WMN, Berger LA. Magnetic resonance imaging of normal levator ani anatomy and function. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 99: 433–8
  • Strohbehn K, Ellis JH, Strohbehn JA, DeLancey JOL. Magnetic resonance imaging of the levator ani with anatomic correlation. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 87: 277–85
  • Pannu HK. Dynamic MR imaging of female organ prolapse. Radiol Clin N Am 2003; 41: 409–23
  • Singh K, Jakab M, Reid WMN, Berger LA, Hoyte L. Three dimensional resonance imaging assessment of levator ani morphologic features in different grade of prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 188: 910–5
  • Rogers RM. Anatomy of the pelvic support. In Bent , et al, (eds.). Ostergard's urogynecology and pelvic floor dysfunction, fifth edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2003.
  • Wall LL. The muscles of the pelvic floor. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1993; 36: 910–25
  • Yang A, Mostwin JL, Rosenshein NB, Zerhouni EA. Pelvic floor descent in women: dynamic evaluation with fast MR imaging and cinematic display. Radiology 1991; 179: 25–33
  • Plattner V, Leborgne J, Heloury Y, Cohen JY, Rogez JM, Lehur PA, et al. MRI evaluation of the levator ani muscle: anatomic correlations and practical applications. Surg Radiol Anat 1991; 13: 129–31
  • Tunn R, DeLancey JO, Quint EE. Visibility of pelvic organ support system structures in magnetic resonance images without an endovaginal coil. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 184: 1156–63
  • Comiter C, Vasavada S, Barbaric Z, Gousse A, Raz S. Grading pelvic prolapse and pelvic floor relaxation using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. Urology 1999; 54: 454–7
  • Goodrich M, Webb M, King B, Bampton A, Campeau N, Riederer S. Magnetic resonance imaging of pelvic floor relaxation: dynamic analysis and evaluation of patients before and after surgical repair. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 82: 883–91
  • Bump R, Mattiasson A, Bo K, Brubacker L, DeLancey J, Klarskov P, et al. The standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 175: 10–17
  • Delancey J, Hurd W. Size of the urogenital hiatus in the levator ani muscles in normal women and women with pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol 1998; 91: 364–8
  • Ozasa H, Mori T, Togashi K. Study of uterine prolapse by magnetic resonance imaging: topographical changes involving the levator ani muscle and the vagina. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1992; 34: 43–8
  • Hoyte L, Schierlitz L, Zou K, Flesh G, Fielding J. Two and three dimensional MRI comparison of levator ani structure, volume, and integrity in women with stress incontinence and prolapse. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185: 11–19
  • Hjartardottir S, Nilsson J, Petersen C, Lingman G. The female pelvic floor: a dome-not a basin. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1997; 76: 567–71
  • Tunn R, Paris S, Fisher W, Hamm B, Kuchinke J. Static magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic floor muscle morphology in women with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic prolapse. Neurourol Urodynam 1998; 17: 579–89
  • Hoyte L, Jakab M, Warfield S, Shott S, Flesh G, Fielding J. Levator ani thickness variations in symptomatic and asymptomatic women using magnetic resonance-based 3-dimensional color mapping. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191: 856–61
  • Dietz H, Shek C, Clarke B. Biometry of the pubovisceral muscle and levator hiatus by three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005; 25: 580–5

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.