References
- Lumley J, Oliver S, Chamberlain C, Oakley L. Interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy 2004. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 18, CD001055.
- Windsor RA, Boyd NR, Orleans CT. A meta-evaluation of smoking cessation Intervention research among pregnant women: improving the science and art. Health Educ Res 1998; 13: 419–38
- Benowitz NL, Kuyt F, Jacob PI, Osman AL. Cotinine disposition and effects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983; 34: 604–11
- Etzel RA. A review of the use of saliva cotinine as a marker of tobacco smoke exposure. Prev Med 1990; 19: 190–7
- Gebauer C, Kwo CY, Haynes EF, Wewers ME. A nurse-managed smoking cessation intervention during pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1998; 27: 47–53
- Wisborg K, Henriksen TB, Jespersen LB, Secher NJ. Nicotine patches for pregnant smokers: a randomized controlled study. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 96: 967–71
- Rigotti NA, Park ER, Regan S, Chang Y, Perry K, Loudin B, et al. Efficacy of telephone counseling for pregnant smokers: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 108: 83–92
- Tappin DM, Lumsden MA, Gilmour WH, Crawford F, McIntyre D, Stone DH, et al. Randomised controlled trial of home based motivational interviewing by midwives to help pregnant smokers quit or cut down. BMJ 2005; 331: 373–7
- Windsor RA, Lowe JB, Perkins LL, Smith-Yoder D, Artz L, Crawford M, et al. Health education for pregnant smokers: its behavioral impact and cost benefit. Am J Public Health 1993; 83: 201–6
- Jarvis MJ, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Feyerabend C, Vesey C, Saloojee Y. Comparison of tests used to distinguish smokers from non-smokers. Am J Public Health 1987; 77: 1435–8
- Haley NJ, Axelrad CM, Tilton KA. Validation of self-reported smoking behavior: biochemical analyses of cotinine and thiocyanate. Am J Public Health 1983; 73: 1204–7
- Pierce JP, Dwyer T, DiGiusto E, Carpenter T, Hannam C, Amin A, et al. Cotinine validation of self-reported smoking in commercially run community surveys. J Chronic Dis 1987; 40: 689–95
- Etter JF, Vu Duc T, Perneger TV. Saliva cotinine levels in smokers and non-smokers. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 151: 251–8
- Dempsey D, Jacob P 3rd, Benowitz NL. Accelerated metabolism of nicotine and cotinine in pregnant smokers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 301: 594–8
- Rebagliato M, Bolumar F, Florey Cdu V, Jarvis MJ, Perez-Hoyos S, Hernandez-Aguado I, et al. Variations in cotinine levels in smokers during and after pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 178: 568–71
- Owen L, McNeill A. Saliva cotinine as indicator of cigarette smoking in pregnant women. Addiction 2001; 96: 1001–6
- Hegaard HK, Kjaergaard H, Moller LF, Wachmann H, Ottesen B. Multimodal intervention raises smoking cessation rate during pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003; 82: 813–9
- Riboli E, Haley NJ, De Waard F, Saracci R. Validity of urinary biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke following prolonged storage. Int J Epidemiol 1995; 24: 354–8
- Klebanoff MA, Levine RJ, Clemens JD, DerSimonian R, Wilkins DG. Serum cotinine concentration and self-reported smoking during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 148: 259–62
- Sadler L, Belanger K, Saftlas A, Leaderer B, Hellenbrand K, McSharry JE, et al. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and small-for-gestational-age birth. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 150: 695–705