Physical activity level and weight gain in a cohort of pregnant Norwegian women

References

• Blair SN, Kampert JB, Kohl HW, Barlow CE, Macera CA, Paffenbarger RS, Jr, et al. Influences of cardiorespiratory fitness and other precursors on cardio-vascular disease and all-cause mortality in men and women. JAMA. 1996; 276: 205–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouchard, C, Shephard, RJ, Stephens, T. Physical Activity, Fitness and Health. International Proceedings and Consensus Statement, 1994. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, Haskell WL, Macera CA, Bouchard C, et al. Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA. 1995; 273: 402–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ACOG Committee. Opinion No. 267: exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;99:171–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ainsworth BE. Challenges in measuring physical activity in women. Review. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2000; 28: 93–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones DA, Ainsworth BE, Croft JB, Macera CA, Lloyd EE, Yusuf HR. Moderate leisure-time physical activity: who is meeting the public health recommendations? A national cross-sectional study. Arch Fam Med. 1998; 7: 285–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kinnunen TI, Luoto R, Gissler M, Hemminki E. Pregnancy weight gain from 1960s to 2000 in Finland. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003; 27: 1572–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rooney BL, Schauberger CW. Excess pregnancy weight gain and long-term obesity: one decade later. ACOG. 2002; 100: 245–52
   Google Scholar
• Cnattingius S, Bergstrom R, Lipworth L, Kramer MS. Prepregnancy weight and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med. 1998; 338: 147–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunderson EP, Abrams B, Selvin S. Does the pattern of postpartum weight change differ according to pregravid body size?. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001; 25: 853–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sebire NJ, Jolly M, Harris JP, Wadsworth J, Joffe M, Beard R, et al. Maternal obesity and pregnancy outcome: a study of 287213 pregnancies in London. Int J Obes. 2001; 25: 1175–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris HE, Ellison GT, Holliday M, Lucassen E. The impact of pregnancy on the long-term weight gain of primiparous women in England. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1997; 21: 747–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keppel KG, Taffel SM. Pregnancy-related weight gain and retention: implications of the 1990 Institute of Medicine Guidelines. Am J Publ Health. 1993; 83: 1100–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohlin A, Røssner S. Maternal body weight development after pregnancy. Int J Obes. 1990; 14: 159–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinton PS, Olson CM. Predictors of pregnancy-associated change in physical activity in a rural white population. Matern Child Health J. 2001; 5: 7–14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Petersen AM, Leet TL, Brownson RC. Correlates of physical activity among pregnant women in the United States. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005; 37: 1748–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sternfeld B, Quesenberry CP, Eskenazi B, Newman LA. Exercise during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995; 27: 634–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chasan-Taber L, Schmidt MD, Roberts DE, Hosmer D, Markenson G, Freedson PS. Development and validation of a Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004; 36: 1750–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Obesity. Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, 1998. Geneva.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. Nutrition during Pregnancy. Part I, Weight Gain; Part II; Nutrient Supplements, 1990. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hatch MC, Shu XO, McLean DE, Levin B, Begg M, Reuss L, et al. Maternal exercise during pregnancy, physical fitness, and fetal growth. Am J Epidemiol. 1993; 137: 1105–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clapp JF, Little KD. Effect of recreational exercise on pregnancy weight gain and subcutaneous fat deposition. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995; 27: 170–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artal R, O'Toole M. Guidelines of American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists for exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Br J Sports Med. 2003; 37: 6–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leiferman JA, Evenson KR. The effect of regular leisure physical activity on birth outcomes. Matern Child Health J. 2003; 7: 59–64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eliasson K, Nordlander I, Mattsson E, Larson B, Hammarstrom M. Prevalence of urinary leakage in nulliparous women with respect to physical activity and micturition habits. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2004; 15: 149–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Savitz DA. Exercise during pregnancy among US women. Ann Epidemiol. 1996; 6: 53–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alderman BW, Zhao H, Holt VL, Watts DH, Beresford SA. Maternal physical activity in pregnancy and infant size for gestational age. Ann Epidemiol. 1998; 8: 513–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tverdal, A. Høyde, vekt og kroppsmasseindex for menn og kvinner i alderen 40–42 år. [Height, weight and BMI for men and women aged 40–42] (in Norwegian with English abstract) Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen. 1996;116:2152–6.
   Google Scholar
• Gunderson EP, Abrams B, Selvin S. The relative importance of gestational gain and maternal characteristics associated with the risk of becoming overweight after pregnancy. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000; 24: 1660–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lederman SA. Pregnancy weight gain and postpartum loss: avoiding obesity while optimizing the growth and development of the fetus. Review. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2001; 56: 53–8
   Google Scholar
• Abrams B, Carmichael S, Selvin S. Factors associated with the pattern of maternal weight gain during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1995; 86: 170–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galtier-Dereure F, Boegner C, Bringer J. Obesity and pregnancy: complications and cost. Am J Nutr. 2000; 71: 1242–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson JWC, Yancey MK. A critique of new recommendations for weight gain in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996; 174: 254–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar