Caries preventive effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP): a meta-analysis

References

• Yamaguchi K, Miyazaki M, Takamizawa T, Inage H, Kurokawa H. Ultrasonic determination of the effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate paste on the demineralization of bovine dentin. Caries Res 2007; 41: 204–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oshiro M, Yamaguchi K, Takamizawa T, Inage H, Watanabe T, Irokawa A, et al. Effect of CPP-ACP paste on tooth mineralization: an FE-SEM study. J Oral Sci 2007; 49: 115–20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cai F, Manton DJ, Shen P, Walker GD, Cross KJ, Yuan Y, et al. Effect of addition of citric acid and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate to a sugar-free chewing gum on enamel remineralization in-situ. Caries Res 2007; 41: 377–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan MV, Adams GG, Bailey DL, Tsao CE, Fischman SL, Reynolds EC. The anticariogenic effect of sugar-free gum containing CPP-ACP nanocomplexes on approximal caries determined using digital bitewing radiography. Caries Res 2008; 42: 171–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds EC. Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions by casein phosphopeptide-stabilized calcium phosphate solutions. J Dent Res 1997; 76: 1587–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds EC, Cai F, Shen P, Walker GD. Retention in plaque and remineralization of enamel lesions by various forms of calcium in a mouthrinse or sugar-free chewing gum. J Dent Res 2003; 82: 206–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iijima Y, Cai F, Shen P, Walker G, Reynolds C, Reynolds EC. Acid resistance of enamel subsurface lesions remineralized by a sugar-free chewing gum containing casein phosphopeptides-amorphous calcium phosphate. Caries Res 2004; 38: 551–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manton DJ, Walker GD, Cai F, Cochrane NJ, Shen P, Reynolds EC. Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions in-situ by the use of three commercially available sugar-free gums. Int J Paediatr Dent 2008; 18: 284–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker G, Cai F, Shen P, Reynolds C, Ward B, Fone C, et al. Increased remineralization of tooth enamel by milk containing added casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate. J Dairy Res 2006; 73: 74–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds EC, Cai F, Cochrane NJ, Shen P, Walker GD, Morgan MV, et al. Fluoride and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate. J Dent Res 2008; 87: 344–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hay KD, Thomson WM. A clinical trial of the anticaries efficacy of casein derivatives complexed with calcium phosphate in patients with salivary gland dysfunction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002; 93: 271–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai F, Shen P, Morgan MV, Reynolds EC. Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions in-situ by sugar-free lozenges containing casein phosphopeptides-amorphous calcium phosphate. Aust Dent J 2003; 48: 240–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson A, Sköld-Larsson K, Hallgren A, Petersson LG, Twetman S. Effect of a dental cream containing amorphous cream phosphate complexes on white spot lesion regression assessed by laser fluorescence. Oral Health Prev Dent 2007; 5: 229–33
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Azarpazhooh A, Limeback H. Clinical efficacy of casein derivatives: a systematic review of the literature. JADA 2008; 139: 915–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins JPT, Green S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions 4.2.6. The Cochrane Library, Issue 4. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester 2006; 97–9
   Google Scholar
• Clarkson, JE, Worthington, HV, Eden, TOB. Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007, Issue 1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marinho, VCC, Higgins, JPT, Logan, S, Sheiham, A. Fluoride toothpastes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003, Issue 1.
   Google Scholar
• Weil, K, Hooper, L, Afzal, Z, Esposito, M, Worthington, HV, van Wijk, A, , et al. Paracetamol for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007, Issue 3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland SE. Evidence-based dentistry. Part V. Critical appraisal of the dental literature: papers about therapy. J Can Dent Assoc 2001; 67: 442–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, Altman DG. Empirical evidence of bias: dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials. J Am Med Assoc 1995; 273: 408–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jüni P, Altman DG, Egger M. Systematic reviews in health care: assessing the quality of controlled clinical trials. Br Med J 2001; 323: 42–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Grade working group. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. Br Med J 2004;328:1490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins JPT, Green S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions 4.2.6. The Cochrane Library, Issue 4. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester 2006; 136–45
   Google Scholar
• Shen P, Cai F, Nowicki A, Vincent J, Reynolds EC. Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions by a sugar-free chewing gum containing casein phosphopeptides-amorphous calcium phosphate. J Dent Res 2001; 80: 2066–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itthagarun A, King NM, Yiu C, Dawes C. The effect of chewing gums containing calcium phosphates on the remineralization of artificial caries-like lesions in-situ. Caries Res 2005; 39: 251–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peto R. Why do we need systematic overviews of randomized trials?. Stat Med 1987; 6: 233–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flecher J. What is heterogeneity and is it important?. Br Med J 2007; 334: 94–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper HM, Rosenthal R. Statistical versus traditional procedures for summarizing research findings. Psychol Bull 1980; 87: 442–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pai D, Bhat SS, Taranath A, Sargod S, Pai VM. Use of laser fluorescence and scanning electron microscope to evaluate remineralization of incipient enamel lesions remineralized by topical application of casein phospho peptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) containing cream. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2008; 32: 201–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piekarz C, Ranjitkar S, Hunt D, McIntyre J. An in vitro assessment of the role of tooth mousse in preventing wine erosion. Aust Dent J 2008; 53: 22–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochrane NJ, Saranathan S, Cai F, Cross KJ, Reynolds EC. Enamel subsurface lesion remineralisation with casein phosphopeptide stabilised solutions of calcium, phosphate and fluoride. Caries Res 2008; 42: 88–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tantbirojn D, Huang A, Ericson MD, Poolthong S. Change in surface hardness of enamel by a cola drink and a CPP-ACP paste. J Dent 2008; 36: 74–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlacic J, Meyers IA, Walsh LJ. Combined CPP-ACP and photoactivated disinfection (PAD) therapy in arresting root surface caries: a case report. BDJ 2007; 203: 457–9
   Google Scholar
• Ardu S, Castioni NV, Benbachir N, Krejci I. Minimally invasive treatment of white spot enamel lesions. Quintessence Int 2007; 38: 633–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahiotis C, Vougiouklakis G. Effect of a CPP-ACP agent on the demineralization and remineralization of dentine in vitro. J Dent 2007; 35: 695–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milnar FJ. Considering biomodification and remineralization techniques as adjuncts to vital tooth-bleaching regimens. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2007; 28: 234–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sudjalim TR, Woods MG, Manton DJ, Reynolds EC. Prevention of demineralization around orthodontic brackets in vitro. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007; 131: 705.e1–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudjalim TR, Woods MG, Manton DJ. Prevention of white spot lesions in orthodontic practice: a contemporary review. Aust Dent J 2006; 51: 284–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi K, Miyazaki M, Takamizawa T, Inage H, Moore BK. Effect of CPP-ACP paste on mechanical properties of bovine enamel as determined by an ultrasonic device. J Dent 2006; 34: 230–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramalingam L, Messer LB, Reynolds EC. Adding casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate to sports drinks to eliminate in vitro erosion. Pediatr Dent 2005; 27: 61–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hicks J, Garcia-Godoy F, Flaitz C. Biological factors in dental caries: role of remineralization and fluoride in the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization (part 3). J Clin Pediatr Dent 2004; 28: 203–14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aimutis WR. Bioactive properties of milk proteins with particular focus on anticariogenesis. J Nutr 2004; 134: 989S–95S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzaoui SA, Burrow MF, Tyas MJ, Dashper SG, Eakins D, Reynolds EC. Incorporation of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate into a glass-ionomer cement. J Dent Res 2003; 82: 914–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds EC. Anticariogenic complexes of amorphous calcium phosphate stabilized by casein phosphopeptides: a review. Spec Care Dentist 1998; 18: 8–16
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schirrmeister JF, Seger RK, Altenburger MJ, Lussi A, Hellwig E. Effects of various forms of calcium added to chewing gum on initial enamel carious lesions in situ. Caries Res 2007; 41: 108–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zero DT. Dentifrices, mouthwashes, and remineralization/caries arrestment strategies. BMC Oral Health 2006; 6(Suppl 1)S9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Slayton RL, Bryers JD, Milgrom P. Biotech and biomaterials research to reduce the caries epidemic. BMC Oral Health 2006; 1(6 Suppl)S1
   Google Scholar
• Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman DG. The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomised trials. Lancet 2001; 357: 1191–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar