Dissociation predicts symptom-related treatment outcome in short-term inpatient psychotherapy

References

• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders4th edn (DSM-IV). American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC 1994
   Google Scholar
• Cardena E. The domain of dissociation. Dissociation: theoretical, clinical, and research perspectives, SJ Lynn, RW Rhue. Guilford Press, New York 1994; 15–31
   Google Scholar
• Putnam FW. Dissociative phenomena. Dissociative disorders. A clinical review, D Spiegel. Sidran Press, Lutherville, MD 1993; 1–16
   Google Scholar
• Spitzer C, Barnow S, Freyberger HJ, Grabe HJ. Recent developments in the theory of dissociation. World Psychiatry 2006; 5: 82–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases, chapter V (F): mental and behavioral disorders, clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines (ICD- 10). World Health Organization, Geneva 1991
   Google Scholar
• Spitzer C, Effler K, Freyberger HJ. [Posttraumatic stress disorder, dissociation and self-destructive behavior in borderline patients]. Z Psychosom Med Psychother 2000; 46: 273–285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson S, Chilton R, Fairchild H, Whewell P. Association between childhood trauma and dissociation among patients with borderline personality disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2006; 40: 478–481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown RJ, Schrag A, Trimble MR. Dissociation, childhood interpersonal trauma, and family functioning in patients with somatization disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162: 899–905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabe HJ, Goldschmidt F, Lehmkuhl L, Gansicke M, Spitzer C, Freyberger HJ. Dissociative symptoms in obsessive-compulsive dimensions. Psychopathology 1999; 32: 319–324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam FW, Carlson EB, Ross CA, et al. Patterns of dissociation in clinical and nonclinical samples. J Nerv Ment Dis 1996; 184: 673–679
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer C, Haug HJ, Freyberger HJ. Dissociative symptoms in schizophrenic patients with positive and negative symptoms. Psychopathology 1997; 30: 67–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanderlinden J, Vandereycken W. Trauma, dissociation, and impulse dyscontrol in eating disorders. Brunner/Mazel, Philadelphia 1997
   Google Scholar
• Horen SA, Leichner PP, Lawson JS. Prevalence of dissociative symptoms and disorders in an adult psychiatric inpatient population in Canada. Can J Psychiatry 1995; 40: 185–191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michelson L, June K, Vives A, Testa S, Marchione N. The role of trauma and dissociation in cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy outcome and maintenance for panic disorder with agoraphobia. Behav Res Ther 1998; 36: 1011–1050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rufer M, Held D, Cremer J, et al. Dissociation as a predictor of cognitive behavior therapy outcome in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychother Psychosom 2006; 75: 40–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarkin JF, Levy KN. The influence of client variables on psychotherapy. Bergin and Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, MJ Lambert. Wiley, New York 2004; 194–226
   Google Scholar
• Grabe HJ, Spitzer C, Freyberger HJ. Relationship of dissociation to temperament and character in men and women. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 1811–1813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer C, Freyberger HJ, Stieglitz RD, et al. Adaptation and psychometric properties of the German version of the Dissociative Experience Scale. J Trauma Stress 1998; 11: 799–809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulder RT, Joyce PR, Frampton C. Relationships among measures of treatment outcome in depressed patients. J Affect Disord 2003; 76: 127–135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schauenburg H, Strack M. Measuring psychotherapeutic change with the symptom checklist SCL 90 R. Psychother Psychosom 1999; 68: 199–206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer C, Michels-Lucht F, Siebel U, Freyberger HJ. [The relationship between OPD features of personality structure and symptom-related and interpersonal outcome of inpatient psychotherapy]. Z Psychosom Med Psychother 2004; 50: 70–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derogatis L. Symptom Checklist-90-R. Clinical Psychometric Research, Baltimore 1983
   Google Scholar
• Franke GH. SCL-90-R. Die Symptom-Checkliste von Derogatis. Deutsche version–manual. Beltz, Weinheim 2002
   Google Scholar
• Strupp HH, Horowitz LM, Lambert MJ. Measuring patient changes. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC 1997
   Google Scholar
• Jacobson NS, Truax P. Clinical significance: a statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. J Consult Clin Psychol 1991; 59: 12–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer C, Mestel R, Klingelhofer J, Gansicke M, Freyberger HJ. [Screening and measurement of change of dissociative psychopathology: psychometric properties of the short version of the Fragebogen zu Dissoziativen Symptomen (FDS-20)]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2004; 54: 165–172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein EM, Putnam FW. Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale. J Nerv Ment Dis 1986; 174: 727–735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson EB, Putnam FW. An update on the Dissociative Experience Scale. Dissociation 1993; 6: 16–27
   Google Scholar
• Horowitz LM, Alden LE, Wiggins JS, Pincus AL. Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP). Psychological Corporation, Manual. Odessa 2000
   Google Scholar
• Brahler E, Horowitz LM, Kordy H, Schumacher J, Strauss B. [Validation of the Inventory for Interpersonal Problems (IIP). Results of a representative study in East and West Germany]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 1999; 49: 422–431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Ijzendoorn MH, Schuengel C. The measurement of dissociation in normal and clinical populations: meta-analytic validation of the Dissociative Experience Scale. Clin Psychol Rev 1996; 16: 365–382
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen JG. Traumatic relationships and serious mental disorders. John Wiley & Sons, New York 2001
   Google Scholar
• Draijer N, Langeland W. Childhood trauma and perceived parental dysfunction in the etiology of dissociative symptoms in psychiatric inpatients. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 379–385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naring G, Nijenhuis ER. Relationships between self-reported potentially traumatizing events, psychoform and somatoform dissociation, and absorption, in two non-clinical populations. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2005; 39: 982–988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Hart O, Nijenhuis E, Steele K, Brown D. Trauma-related dissociation: conceptual clarity lost and found. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2004; 38: 906–914
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schore AN. Dysregulation of the right brain: a fundamental mechanism of traumatic attachment and the psychopathogenesis of posttraumatic stress disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2002; 36: 9–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West M, Adam K, Spreng S, Rose S. Attachment disorganization and dissociative symptoms in clinically treated adolescents. Can J Psychiatry 2001; 46: 627–631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer B, Pilkonis PA, Proietti JM, Heape CL, Egan M. Attachment styles and personality disorders as predictors of symptom course. J Pers Disord 2001; 15: 371–389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorentzen S, Hoglend P. Predictors of change during long-term analytic group psychotherapy. Psychother Psychosom 2004; 73: 25–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill CE, Lambert MJ. Methodological issues in studying psychotherapy processes and outcomes. Bergin and Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, MJ Lambert. Wiley, New York 2004; 84–135
   Google Scholar