Lupus anticoagulant is significantly associated with inflammatory reactions in patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis

References

• Miyakis S., Lockshin M. D., Atsumi T., Branch D. W., Brey R. L., Cervera R., et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4: 295–306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galli M., Luciani D., Bertolini G., Barbui T. Anti‐beta 2‐glycoprotein I, antiprothrombin antibodies, and the risk of thrombosis in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Blood 2003; 102: 2717–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galli M., Luciani D., Bertolini G., Barbui T. Lupus anticoagulants are stronger risk factors for thrombosis than anticardiolipin antibodies in the antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic review of the literature. Blood 2003; 101: 1827–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Love P. E., Santoro S. A. Antiphospholipid antibodies: anticardiolipin and the lupus anticoagulant in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in non‐SLE disorders. Prevalence and clinical significance. Ann Intern Med 1990; 112: 682–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Laat H. B., Derksen R. H., Urbanus R. T., Roest M., de Groot P. G. {beta}2‐glycoprotein I dependent lupus anticoagulant highly correlates with thrombosis in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Blood 2004; 104: 3598–602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esmon C. T. The impact of the inflammatory response on coagulation. Thromb Res 2004; 114: 321–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerin J., Smith O., White B., Sweetman G., Feighery C., Jackson J. Antibodies to prothrombin in antiphospholipid syndrome and inflammatory disorders. Br J Haematol 1998; 102: 896–902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabinov K., Paulin S. Roentgen diagnosis of venous thrombosis in the leg. Arch Surg 1972; 104: 134–44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brandt J. T., Triplett D. A., Alving B., Scharrer I. Criteria for the diagnosis of lupus anticoagulants: an update. On behalf of the Subcommittee on Lupus Anticoagulant/Antiphospholipid Antibody of the Scientific and Standardisation Committee of the ISTH. Thromb Haemost 1995; 74: 1185–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cappucci G., Grandone E., Giuliani N., Margaglione M., Di Minno G. The use of frozen‐thawed platelet‐derived phospholipids as a confirmatory test for the diagnosis of lupus anticoagulants. Comparison with two commercial confirmatory system tests. Thromb Res 1999; 94: 373–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertina R. M., Koeleman B. P., Koster T., Rosendaal F. R., Dirven R. J., de Ronde H., et al. Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C. Nature 1994; 369: 64–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poort S. R., Rosendaal F. R., Reitsma P. H., Bertina R. M. A common genetic variation in the 3′‐untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis. Blood 1996; 88: 3698–703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engel H., Zwang L., van Vliet H. H., Michiels J. J., Stibbe J., Lindemans J. Phenotyping and genotyping of coagulation factor V Leiden. Thromb Haemost 1996; 75: 267–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poort S. R., Bertina R. M., Vos H. L. Rapid detection of the prothrombin 20210 A variation by allele specific PCR. Thromb Haemost 1997; 78: 1157–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nojima J., Kuratsune H., Suehisa E., Futsukaichi Y., Yamanishi H., Machii T., et al. Association between the prevalence of antibodies to beta(2)‐glycoprotein I, prothrombin, protein C, protein S, and annexin V in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and thrombotic and thrombocytopenic complications. Clin Chem 2001; 47: 1008–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahl D. G., Guillemin F., de Maistre E., Perret‐Guillaume C., Lecompte T., Thibaut G. Meta‐analysis of the risk of venous thrombosis in individuals with antiphospholipid antibodies without underlying autoimmune disease or previous thrombosis. Lupus 1998; 7: 15–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahl D. G., Guillemin F., de Maistre E., Perret C., Lecompte T., Thibaut G. Risk for venous thrombosis related to antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta‐analysis. Lupus 1997; 6: 467–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanon E., Prandoni P., Vianello F., Saggiorato G., Carraro G., Bagatella P., et al. Anti‐beta2‐glycoprotein I antibodies in patients with acute venous thromboembolism: prevalence and association with recurrent thromboembolism. Thromb Res 1999; 96: 269–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audrain M. A., El Kouri D., Hamidou M. A., Mioche L., Ibara A., Langlois M. L., et al. Value of autoantibodies to beta(2)‐glycoprotein 1 in the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002; 41: 550–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ginsberg J. S., Wells P. S., Brill‐Edwards P., Donovan D., Moffatt K., Johnston M., et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies and venous thromboembolism. Blood 1995; 86: 3685–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh K., Knobl P., Rintelen C., Kyrle P. A., Quehenberger P., Bialonczyk C., et al. Is the determination of anti‐beta2 glycoprotein I antibodies useful in patients with venous thromboembolism without the antiphospholipid syndrome?. Br J Haematol 2003; 123: 490–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Previtali S., Barbui T., Galli M. Anti‐beta2‐glycoprotein I and anti‐prothrombin antibodies in antiphospholipid‐negative patients with thrombosis: a case control study. Thromb Haemost 2002; 88: 729–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapiotis S., Speiser W., Pabinger‐Fasching I., Kyrle P. A., Lechner K. Anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with venous thrombosis. Haemostasis 1991; 21: 19–24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Runchey S. S., Folsom A. R., Tsai M. Y., Cushman M., McGovern P. D. Anticardiolipin antibodies as a risk factor for venous thromboembolism in a population‐based prospective study. Br J Haematol 2002; 119: 1005–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proven A., Bartlett R. P., Moder K. G., Chang‐Miller A., Cardel L. K., Heit J. A., et al. Clinical importance of positive test results for lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies. Mayo Clin Proc 2004; 79: 467–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bongard O., Reber G., Bounameaux H., de Moerloose P. Anticardiolipin antibodies in acute venous thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 1992; 67: 724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho W. K., Hankey G. J., Quinlan D. J., Eikelboom J. W. Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with common thrombophilia: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 729–36
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arnout J., Meijer P., Vermylen J. Lupus anticoagulant testing in Europe: an analysis of results from the first European Concerted Action on Thrombophilia (ECAT) survey using plasmas spiked with monoclonal antibodies against human beta2‐glycoprotein I. Thromb Haemost 1999; 81: 929–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schjetlein R., Wisloff F. An evaluation of two commercial test procedures for the detection of lupus anticoagulant. Am J Clin Pathol 1995; 103: 108–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsen E. M., Barna‐Cler L., Taylor J. M., Triplett D. A., Wisloff F. The evaluation of clotting times in the laboratory detection of lupus anticoagulants. Thromb Res 2001; 104: 275–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardiner C., MacKie I. J., Malia R. G., Jones D. W., Winter M., Leeming D., et al. The importance of locally derived reference ranges and standardized calculation of dilute Russell's viper venom time results in screening for lupus anticoagulant. Br J Haematol 2000; 111: 1230–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eschwege V., Peynaud‐Debayle E., Wolf M., Amiral J., Vissac A. M., Bridey F., et al. Prevalence of antiphospholipid‐related antibodies in unselected patients with history of venous thrombosis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1998; 9: 429–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simioni P., Prandoni P., Zanon E., Saracino M. A., Scudeller A., Villalta S., et al. Deep venous thrombosis and lupus anticoagulant. A case‐control study. Thromb Haemost 1996; 76: 187–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sailer T., Vormittag R., Pabinger I., Vukovich T., Lehr S., Quehenberger P., et al. Inflammation in patients with lupus anticoagulant and implications for thrombosis. J Rheumatol 2005; 32: 462–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blank M., Shoenfeld Y. Beta‐2‐glycoprotein‐I, infections, antiphospholipid syndrome and therapeutic considerations. Clin Immunol 2004; 112: 190–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cervera R., Asherson R. A., Acevedo M. L., Gomez‐Puerta J. A., Espinosa G., De La R. G., et al. Antiphospholipid syndrome associated with infections: clinical and microbiological characteristics of 100 patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63: 1312–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asherson R. A., Cervera R. Antiphospholipid antibodies and infections. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62: 388–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman M., Monroe D. M., Roubey R. A. Links between the immune and coagulation systems: how do “antiphospholipid antibodies” cause thrombosis?. Immunol Res 2000; 22: 191–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saibeni S., Spina L., Vecchi M. Exploring the relationships between inflammatory response and coagulation cascade in inflammatory bowel disease. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2004; 8: 205–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Somer T. Thrombo‐embolic and vascular complications in vasculitis syndromes. Eur Heart J 1993; 14(Suppl K)24–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merrill J. T. The antiphospholipid syndrome and atherosclerosis: clue to pathogenesis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2003; 5: 401–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fox E. A., Kahn S. R. The relationship between inflammation and venous thrombosis. A systematic review of clinical studies. Thromb Haemost 2005; 94: 362–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar