88
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

Reference values, why and how

Pages 45-53 | Published online: 29 Mar 2011

References

  • Gräsbeck R., Saris N-E. Establishment and use of normal values. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1969; 26(Suppl 110)62–63
  • Gräsbeck R., Fellman J. Normal values and statistics. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1968; 21: 193–195
  • Murphy E. A. The normal, and the perils of the sylleptic argument. Perspect Biol Med 1972; 15: 566–582
  • Vácha J. Biology and the problem of normality. Scientia (Milan) 1978; 113: 823–846
  • Solberg H. E., Gräsbeck R. Reference values. Adv Clin Chem 1989; 27: 1–79
  • “Reference Values in Laboratory Medicine. The Current State of the Art.”, R. Gräsbeck, T. Alström. Wiley, Chichester 1981
  • International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. (Expert Panel on Theory of Reference Values) and International Committee for Standardization in Haematology, Approved recommendation (1986) on the theory of reference values. Part 1. The concept of reference values. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1987; 25: 337–342, Clin Chim Acta 1987; 165: 111–118, Labmedica 1987; 4: 27–31, Ann Biol Clin 1987;45: 237–241
  • International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. (Expert Panel on Theory of Reference Values), Approved recommendation (1987) on the theory of reference values. Part 2. Selection of individuals for the production of reference values. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1987; 25: 639–644, Clin Chim Acta 1987; 170:S1-S12
  • International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. (Expert Panel on Theory of Reference Values), Approved recommendation (1988) on the theory of reference values. Part 3. Preparation of individuals and collection of specimens for the production of reference values. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1988; 26: 593–598, Clin Chim Acta 1988; 177: S1-S12
  • International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. (Expert Panel on Theory of Reference Values) and International Committee for Standardization in Haematology, Approved recommendation (1987) on the theory of reference values. Part 5. Statistical treatment of collected reference values. Determination of reference limits. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1987; 25: 645–656, Clin Chim Acta 1987; 170: S13-S32
  • International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. (Expert Panel on Theory of Reference Values) and International Committee for Standardization in Haematology, Approved recommendation (1987) on the theory of reference values. Part 6. Presentation of observed values related to reference values. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1987; 25: 657–662, Clin Chim Acta 1987; 170: S33-S42, Labmedica 1988; 5: 27–30
  • “Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Tests. Reference Values and Their Biological Variation.”, G. Siest, J. Henny, F. Schiele, D. S. Young. Biomedical Publications, Foster City, California 1985
  • Solberg H. E. Establishment and use of reference values. “Textbook of Clinical Chemistry”, N. W. Tietz. Saunders, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1986; 356–386
  • Gräsbeck R. Reference values: Relevant controls for clinical decision-making. Eur J Haematol 1988; 40: 1–6
  • SFBC (Société Française de Biologie Clinique). (Commission “Valeurs de reference”), Document G: Production des valeurs de reference des sujets sains. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 1981; 39: 235–244, appendices in Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 1984; 42: 243–265
  • Alström T., Gräsbeck R., Hjelm M., Skandsen S. Recommendations concerning the collection of reference values in clinical chemistry and activity report. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1975; 35(Suppl 144)
  • Gräsbeck R. Health and disease from the point of view of the clinical laboratory. “Health, Disease, and Causal Explanations in Medicine”, L. Nordenfelt, B. IB Lindahl. Reidel Publ., New York 1984; 47–60
  • World Health Organization. “The First Ten Years of the World Health Organization”. WHO, Geneva 1958; 459
  • Statland B. E., Winkel P. Effects of preanalytical factors on the intraindividual variation of analytes in the blood of healthy subjects: Consideration of preparation of the subject and time of venipuncture. CRC Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1977; 8: 105–144
  • Alström T., Dahl M., Gräsbeck R., Hagenfeldt L., Hertz H., Hjelm M., Järvenpää A-L, Kantero R., Larsson A., Leskinen E. EA, Lindblad B., Moe P. J., Nyberg A. PW, Näntö V., Olesen H., Siimes M., Solberg H. E., Strandvik B., Wimberley P. D., Winkel P. Recommendation for collection of skin puncture blood from children, with special reference to production of reference values. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1987; 47: 199–205
  • Lindblad B., Alström T., Gräsbeck R., Bo Hansen A., Näntö V., Solberg H. E., Winkel P., Hertz H., Holmberg C., Moe P. J., Wimberley P. D., Viinikka L., Leskinen E., Nyberg A. PW. Recommendation for collection of venous blood from children with special reference to production of reference values. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1990; 50: 99–104
  • Hjelm M., Leyssen M. HT, Tentori L., Verwilghen R. L., Solberg H. E., Petit Clerc C., Stamm D., Wilding P. Standardization of blood specimen collection procedure for reference values. Clin Lab Haematol 1982; 4: 83–86
  • SFBC (Société Française de Biologie Clinique). (Commission “Valeurs de reference”), Document C: Influence des facteurs analytiques sur les valeurs de reference. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 1985; 43: 306–309
  • Martin H. F., Hologgitas J. V., Driscoll J., Fanger H., Gudzinowicz B. J., Barnett R., Weisbrot I. Reference values based on populations accessible to hospitals. “Reference values in Laboratory Medicine. The Current State of the Art”, R. Gräsbeck, T. Alström. Wiley, Chichester 1981; 233–262
  • Statland B. E. “Clinical Decision Levels for Laboratory Tests.”. Medical Economics Books, Oradell, New Jersey 1983
  • Gräsbeck R. Considerations in determination of reference intervals. “Clinical Laboratory Forum”, J. Homolko. Becton Dickinson Vacutainer Systems Europe, Meylan 1985; 9–13

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.