Computerized measurement of LDL particle size in human serum: Reproducibility studies and evaluation of LDL particle size in relation to metabolic variables and the occurrence of atherosclerosis

REFERENCES

• Slyper AH, Zvereva S, Schectman G, Hoffman RG, Walker JA. Low-density lipoprotein particle size is not a discriminating marker for atherogenic risk in male offspring of parents with early coronary artery disease. Metabolism 1997; 46: 954 — 8.
   Google Scholar
• Austin M, Breslow JL, Hennekens CH, Buring E, Willett WC, Krauss RM. Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarc-tion. JAMA 1988; 260: 1917–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campos H, Genest JJ, Blijlevens E, McNamara JR, Jenner JL, Ordovas JM, Wilson PWF, Schaefer EJ. Low density lipoprotein particle size and coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb 1992; 12: 187–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campos H, Roederer GO, Lussier-Cacan S, Davignon J, Krauss RM. Predominance of large LDL and reduced HDL2 cholesterol in normo-lipidemic men with coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995; 15: 1043–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krauss RM. Low-density lipoprotein subclasses and risk of coronary artery disease. Curr Opin Lipidol 1991; 2: 248–52.
   Google Scholar
• Mykkänen L, Haffner SM, Rainwater DL, Karhapää P, Miettinen H, Laakso M. Relation-ship of LDL size to insulin sensitivity in normoglycemic men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17: 1447–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slyper AH, Zvereva S, Schectman G, Hoffman RG, Mueller RA, Walker JA. Insulin resistance is not a major determinant of low-density lipopro-tein particle size. Metabolism 1997; 46: 1275–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin MA, Mykkänen L, Kuusisto J, Edwards K, Nelson C, Haffner SM, Pyörälä K, Laakso M. Prospective study of small LDLs as a risk factor for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in elderly men and women. Circulation 1995; 92: 1770— 8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh A, Rainwater DL, Haffner SM, VandeBerg JL, Shelledy WR, Moore Jr PH, Dyer TD. Effect of diabetes on lipoprotein size. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995; 15: 1805–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobenin IA, Tertov VT, Orekhov AN. Athero-genic modified LDL in diabetes. Diabetes 1996; 45 Suppl: S35–9.
   Google Scholar
• Lahdenperd S, Syvänne M, Kahn i J, Taskinen MR. Regulation of low-density lipoprotein parti-cle size distribution in NIDDM and coronary disease: importance of serum triglycerides. Dia-betologia 1996; 39: 453–61.
   Google Scholar
• O'Brien SF, Watts GF, Playford DA, Burke V, O'Neal DN, Best JD. Low-density lipoprotein size, high-density lipoprotein concentration, and endothelial dysfunction in non-insulin dependent diabetes. Diabet Med 1997; 14: 974–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agevall S, Fagerberg B, Attvall S, Wendelhag I, Urbanavicius V, Wikstrand J. Carotid artery wall intima-media thickness is associated with insulin-mediated glucose disposal in men at high and low coronary risk. Stroke 1995; 26: 956–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wendelhag I, Gustavsson T, Suurkula M, Berglund G, Wikstrand J. Ultrasound measure-ment of wall thickness in the carotid artery: fundamental principles and description of a computerized analysing system. Clin Physiol 1991; 11: 565–77.
   Google Scholar
• Wendelhag I, Wiklund 0, Wikstrand J. Athero-sclerotic changes in the femoral and carotid arteries in familial hypercholesterolemia. Ultra-sonographic assessment of intima-media thickness and plaque occurrence. Arterioscler Thromb 1993; 13: 1404–11.
   Google Scholar
• Wendelhag I, Liang Q, Gustavsson T, Wikstrand J. A new automated computerized analyzing system simplifies readings and reduces the varia-bility in ultrasound measurement of intima-media thickness. Stroke 1997; 28: 2195–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klose S, Borner K. Enzymatische Bestimmung des Gesamtcholesterins mit dem Greiner Selective Analyzer (GSA-II). J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1978; 15: 121–30.
   Google Scholar
• Wahlefeld AW Triglycerides: determination after enzymatic hydrolysis. In: Bermeyer HU, editors. Methods of enzymatic analysis. 2nd English ed. New York: Academic Press, 1974: 18–31.
   Google Scholar
• Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein in plasma, without use of the pre-parative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972; 18: 499— 502.
   Google Scholar
• Maciejko JJ, Levinsson SS, Markyvech L, Smith MP, Blevins RD. New assay of apolipoproteins A- I and B by rate nephelometry evaluated. Clin Chem 1987; 33: 2065–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson S, Bondjers G, Fager G, Wedel H, Tsipogianni A, Olofsson S-0, Vedin A, Wiklund 0, Wilhelmsson C. Serum lipids and apolipopro-tein levels in women with acute myocardial infarction. Arteriosclerosis 1988; 8: 742–9.
   Google Scholar
• Wiklund 0, Angelin B, Olofsson S-0, Eriksson M, Fager G, Berglund L, Bondjers G. Apolipopro-tein(a) and ischaemic heart disease in familial hypercholesterolemia. Lancet 1990; 335: 1360–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahdenperd S, Puolakka J, Pyörala T, Luotola H, Taskinen MR. Effects of postmenopausal estrogen/ progestin replacement therapy on LDL particles: comparison of transdermal and oral treatment regimens. Atherosclerosis 1996; 122: 153–62.
   Google Scholar
• Scheffer PG, Bakker SJL, Heine RJ, Teerlink T. Measurement of low-density lipoprotein particle size by high-performance gel-filtration chromato-graphy. Clin Chem 1997; 43: 1904–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjömheden T, Babiy A, Bondjers G, Wiklund 0. Accumulation of lipoprotein fractions and sub-fractions in the arterial wall, determined in an in vitro perfusion system. Atherosclerosis 1996; 123: 43–56.
   Google Scholar
• Hurt-Camejo E, Camejo G, Rosengren B, Lopez F, Wiklund 0, Bondjers G. Differential uptake of proteoglycan-selected subfractions of low-density lipoprotein by human macrophages. J Lipid Res 1990; 31: 1387–98.
   Google Scholar
• Camejo G, Hurt-Camejo E, Wiklund 0, Bondjers G. Association of apo B lipoproteins with arterial proteoglycans: pathological significance and mole-cular basis. Atherosclerosis 1998; 139: 205— 22.
   Google Scholar
• Hurt-Camejo E, Camejo G, Rosengren B, Lopez F, Ahlstrom C, Fager G, Bondjers G. Effect of arterial proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans on low-density lipoprotein oxidation and its uptake by human macrophages and arterial smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb 1992; 12: 569— 83.
   Google Scholar
• Swinkels DW, Demacker PNM, Hendriks JCM, Brenninkmeijer BJ, Stuyt PM. The relevance of protein-enriched low density lipoprotein as a risk for coronary heart disease in relation to other known risk factors. Atherosclerosis 1989; 77: 59 — 67.
   Google Scholar
• Tornvall P, Bavenholm P, Landou C, de Faire U, Hamsten A. Relation of plasma levels and composition of apolipoprotein B-containing lipo-proteins to angiographically defined coronary artery disease in young patients with myocardial infarction. Circulation 1993; 88: 2180–9.
   Google Scholar
• Tornvall P, Karpe F, Carlson LA, Hamsten A. Relationships of low density lipoprotein sub-fractions to angiographically defined coronary artery disease in young survivors of myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 1991; 90: 67 —80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajman I, Kendall MJ, Cramb R, Holder RL, Slih M, Gammage MD. Investigation of low density lipoprotein subfractions as a coronary risk factor in normotriglyceridemic men. Atherosclerosis 1996; 125: 231–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams PT, Krauss RM, Nichols AV, Vranzian KM, Wood PDS. Identifying the predominant peak diameter of high-density and low-density lipoproteins by electrophoresis. J Lipid Res 1990; 31: 1131–9.
   Google Scholar