Importance of atrophic gastritis in diagnostics and prevention of gastric cancer: Application of plasma biomarkers

References

• Correa P, Haenszel W, Cuello C, Zavala D, Fontham E, Zarama G, et al. Gastric precancerous process in a high risk population: cohort follow-up. Cancer Res 1990; 50: 4737–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sipponen P, Kekki M, Haapakoski J, Ihamäki T, Siurala M. Gastric cancer risk in chronic atrophic gastritis: statistical calculations of cross-sectional data. Int J Cancer 1985; 35: 173–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valle J, Kekki M, Sipponen P, Ihamäki T, Siurala M. Long-term course and consequences of Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Results of a 32-year follow-up study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996; 31: 546–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trey G, Marks IN, Louw JA, Jaskiewicz K, Sipponen P, Novis BH, et al. Changes in acid secretion over the years. A 30-year longitudinal study. J Clin Gastroenterol 1997; 25: 499–502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maaroos HI, Vorobjova T, Sipponen P, Tammur R, Uibo R, Wadström T, et al. An 18-year follow-up study of chronic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori association of CagA positivity with development of atrophy and activity of gastritis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999; 34: 864–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuipers EJ, Pals G, Pena AS, van Uffelen CW, Kok A, Westerveld BD, et al. Helicobacter pylori, pepsinogens and gastrin: relationship with age and development of atrophic gastritis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996; 8: 153–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varis K, Sipponen P, Laxen F, Samloff IM, Huttunen JK, Taylor PR, and the Helsinki Gastritis Study Group, et al. Implications of serum pepsinogen I in early endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancer and dysplasia. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000;35:950–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varis K, Sipponen P, Laxen F, Samloff IM, Huttunen JK, Taylor PR, and the Helsinki Gastritis Study Group, et al. Implications of serum pepsinogen I in early endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancer and dysplasia. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000;35:950–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sipponen P, Helske T, Järvinen P, Hyvärinen H, Seppälä K, Siurala M. Fall in the prevalence of chronic gastritis over 15 years: analysis of outpatient series in Finland from 1977, 1985, and 1992. Gut 1994; 35: 1167–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filipe MI, Munoz N, Matko I, Kato I, Pompe-Kirn V, Jutersek A, et al. Intestinal metaplasia types and the risk of gastric cancer: a cohort study in Slovenia. Int J Cancer 1994; 57: 324–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Väkeväinen S, Mentula S, Nuutinen H, Salmela KS, Jousimies-Somer H, Färkkilä M, et al. Ethanol-derived microbial production of carcinogenic acetaldehyde in achlorhydric atrophic gastritis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002; 37: 648–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sipponen P, Laxen F, Huotari K, Härkönen M. Prevalence of low vitamin B12 and high homocysteine in serum in an elderly male population: association with atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection. Scand J Gastroenterol 2003; 38: 1209–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolander-Gouaille C. Focus on homocysteine and the vitamins involved in its metabolism. Springer Verlag, Berlin 2002
   Google Scholar
• Sande N, Nikulin M, Nilsson I, Wadström T, Laxen F, Härkönen M, et al. Increased risk of developing atrophic gastritis in patients infected with CagA + Helicobacter pylori. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001; 36: 928–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aromaa A, Kosunen TU, Knekt P, Maatela J, Teppo L, Heinonen OP, et al. Circulating anti-Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin A antibodies and low serum pepsinogen I level are associated with increased risk of gastric cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1996; 144: 142–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annibale B, Negrini R, Caruana P, Lehner E, Crossi C, Bordi C, et al. Two-thirds of atrophic body gastritis have evidence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2001; 6: 225–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kokkola A, Rautelin H, Puolakkainen P, Sipponen P, Farkkila M, Haapiainen R, et al. Positive result by serology indicates active Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with atrophic gastritis. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36: 1808–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karita M, Noriyasu A, Teramukai S, Matsumoto S. Atrophic progression induced by H. pylori infection is correlated with a changing pepsinogen I value and associated with the development of gastric cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2004; 49: 1615–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohata H, Kitauchi S, Yoshimura N, Mugitani K, Iwane M, Nakamura H, et al. Progression of chronic atrophic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori infection increases risk of gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2004; 109: 138–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitahara F, Shimazaki R, Sato T, Kojima Y, Morozumi A, Fujino MA. Severe atrophic gastritis with Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 1998; 1: 118–24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uemura N, Okamoto S, Yamamoto S, Matsumura N, Yamaguchi S, Yamakido M, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and the development of gastric cancer. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 784–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kokkola A, Sipponen P, Rautelin H, Härkönen M, Kosunen TU, Haapiainen R, et al. The effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the natural course of atrophic gastritis with dysplasia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 515–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohkusa T, Miwa H, Nomura T, Asaoka D, Kurosawa A, Sakamoto N, et al. Improvement in serum pepsinogens and gastrin in long-term monitoring after eradication of Helicobacter pylori: comparison with H. pylori-negative patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 1(20 Suppl)25–32
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito M, Haruma K, Kamada T, Mihara M, Kim S, Kitadai Y, et al. Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy improves atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia: a 5-year prospective study of patients with atrophic gastritis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 1449–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borody TJ, Andrews P, Jankiewicz E, Ferch N, Carroll M. Apparent reversal of early gastric mucosal atrophy after triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88: 1266–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz B, Garay J, Correa P, Fontham ET, Bravo JC, Bravo LE, et al. Morphometric evaluation of gastric antral atrophy: improvement after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96: 3281–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kokkola A, Sipponen P, Haapiainen R, Rautelin H, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Puolakkainen P. Development of Barrett's esophagus after “spontaneous” healing of atrophic corpus gastritis. Helicobacter 2003; 8: 590–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mera R, Fontham ETH, Bravo LE, Piazuelo MB, Comargo MC, Correa P. Long-term follow-up of patients treated for Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut 2005; 54: 1536–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham D, Shiotani A. The time to eradicate gastric cancer is now. Gut 2005; 54: 735–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kokkola A, Rautelin H, Puolakkainen P, Sipponen P, Färkkilä M, Haapiainen R, et al. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with atrophic gastritis: comparison of histology, 13C-urea breath test, and serology. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000; 35: 138–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karnes WE, Jr, Samloff IM, Siurala M, Kekki M, Sipponen P, Kim SW, et al. Positive serum antibody and negative tissue staining for Helicobacter pylori in subjects with atrophic body gastritis. Gastroenterology 1991; 101: 167–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salomaa-Räsänen A, Kosunen TU, Mattila J, Sarna S, Rautelin H. Age-dependent accuracy of Helicobacter pylori antibody assays for adults, with special emphasis on atrophic gastritis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2004; 11: 1185–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kokkola A, Kosunen TU, Puolakkainen P, Sipponen P, Härkönen M, Laxen F, et al. Spontaneous disappearance of Helicobacter pylori antibodies in patients with advanced atrophic corpus gastritis. APMIS 2003; 111: 619–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perri F, Ricciardi R, Merla A, Piepoli A, Gasperi V, Quitadamo M, et al. Appropriateness of urea breath test: a prospective observational study based on Maastricht 2000 guidelines. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 1443–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham DY, Opekun AR, Hammoud F, Yamaoka Y, Reddy R, Osato MS, et al. Studies regarding the mechanism of false negative urea breath tests with proton pump inhibitors. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98: 1005–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schenk BE, Kuipers EJ, Klinkenberg-Knol EC, Bloemena EC, Sandell M, Nelis GF, et al. Atrophic gastritis during long-term omeprazole therapy affects serum vitamin B12 levels. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999; 13: 1343–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murakami K, Sato R, Okimoto T, Watanabe K, Nasu M, Fujioka T, et al. Influence of anti-ulcer drugs used in Japan on the result of [13C]-urea breath test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. J Gastroenterol 2003; 38: 937–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watabe H, Mitsushima T, Yamaji Y, Okamoto M, Wada R, Kokubo T, et al. Predicting the development of gastric cancer from combining Helicobacter pylori antibodies and serum pepsinogen status: a prospective endoscopic cohort study. Gut 2005; 54: 764–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valle J, Seppälä K, Sipponen P, Kosunen T. Disappearance of gastritis after eradication of Helicobacter pylori: a morphometric study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1991; 26: 1057–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franceschi F, Genta RM, Sepulveda AR. Gastric mucosa: long-term outcome after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection. J Gastroenterol 2002; 37(Suppl 13)17–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malfertheiner P, Sipponen P, Naumann M, Moayyedi P, Mégraud F, Xiao SD, and the H. pylori-Gastric Cancer Task Force, et al. Helicobacter pylori eradication can prevent gastric cancer. Am J Gastroenterology. In press.
   Google Scholar
• Uemura N, Mukai T, Okamoto S, Yamaguchi S, Mashiba H, Taniyama K, et al. Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on subsequent development of cancer after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1997; 6: 639–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong BC, Lam SK, Wong WM, Chen JS, Zheng TT, Feng RE, and the China Gastric Cancer Study Group, et al. Helicobacter pylori eradication to prevent gastric cancer in a high-risk region of China: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291:187–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sipponen P, Ranta P, Helske T, Kääriäinen I, Mäki T, Linnala A, et al. Serum levels of amidated gastrin-17 and pepsinogen I in atrophic gastritis: an observational case-control study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002; 37: 785–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Väänänen H, Vauhkonen M, Helske T, Kääriäinen I, Rasmussen M, Tunturi-Hihnala H, et al. Non-endoscopic diagnosis of atrophic gastritis with a blood test. Correlation between gastric histology and serum levels of gastrin-17 and pepsinogen I: a multicentre study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; 15: 885–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasechnikov VD, Chukov SZ, Kotelevets SM, Mostovov AN, Mernova VP, Polyakova MB. Possibility of non-invasive diagnosis of gastric mucosal precancerous changes. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10: 3146–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sipponen P, Valle J, Varis K, Kekki M, Ihamäki T, Siurala M. Fasting levels of serum gastrin in different functional and morphologic states of the antrofundal mucosa. An analysis of 860 subjects. Scand J Gastroenterol 1990; 25: 513–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varis K, Kekki M, Härkönen M, Sipponen P, Samloff IM. Serum pepsinogen I and serum gastrin in the screening of atrophic pangastritis with high risk of gastric cancer. Scand J Gastroenterol 1991; 186: 117–23
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broutet N, Plebani M, Sakarovitch C, Sipponen P, Megraud F and the Eurohepygast Study Group. Pepsinogen A, pepsinogen C, and gastrin as markers of atrophic chronic gastritis in European dyspeptics. Br J Cancer 2003;88:1239–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight T, Wyatt J, Wilson A, Greaves S, Newell D, Hengels K, et al. Helicobacter pylori gastritis and serum pepsinogen levels in a healthy population: development of a biomarker strategy for gastric atrophy in high risk groups. Br J Cancer 1996; 73: 819–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Mario F, Moussa AM, Caruana P, Merli R, Cavallaro LG, Cavestro GM, et al. “Serological biopsy” in first-degree relatives of patients with gastric cancer affected by Helicobacter pylori infection. Scand J Gastroenterol 2003; 38: 1223–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korstanje A, den Hartog G, Biemond I, Lamers CB. The serological gastric biopsy: a non-endoscopical diagnostic approach in management of the dyspeptic patient: significance for primary care based on a survey of the literature. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002; Suppl 236:22–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farinati F, Di Mario F, Plebani M, Cielo R, Fanton MC, Valiante F, et al. Pepsinogen A/pepsinogen C or pepsinogen A multiplied by gastrin in the diagnosis of gastric cancer?. Ital J Gastroenterol 1991; 23: 194–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dinis-Ribeiro M, Yamaki G, Miki K, Costa-Pereira A, Matsukawa M, Kurihara M. Meta-analysis on the validity of pepsinogen test for gastric carcinoma, dysplasia or chronic atrophic gastritis screening. J Med Screen 2004; 11: 141–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mardh E, Mardh S, Mardh B, Borch K. Diagnosis of gastritis by means of a combination of serological analyses. Clin Chim Acta 2002; 320: 17–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borch K, Axelsson CK, Halgreen H, Damkjaer Nielsen MD, Ledin T, Szesci PB. The ratio of pepsinogen A to pepsinogen C: a sensitive test for atrophic gastritis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1989; 24: 870–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiyohira K, Yoshihara M, Ito M, Haruma K, Tanaka S, Chayama K. Serum pepsinogen concentration as a marker of Helicobacter pylori infection and the histologic grade of gastritis; evaluation of gastric mucosa by serum pepsinogen levels. J Gastroenterol 2003; 38: 332–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodger K, Wyatt JI, Heatley RV. Variation in serum pepsinogens with severity and topography of Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis in dyspeptic patients referred for endoscopy. Helicobacter 2001; 6: 216–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miki K, Morita M, Sasajima M, Hoshina R, Kanda E, Urita Y. Usefulness of gastric cancer screening using the serum pepsinogen test method. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98: 735–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinis-Ribeiro M, da Costa-Pereira A, Lopes C, Barbosa J, Guilherme M, Moreira-Dias L, et al. Validity of serum pepsinogen I/II ratio for the diagnosis of gastric epithelial dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia during the follow-up of patients at risk for intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma. Neoplasia 2004; 6: 449–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urita Y, Hike K, Torii N, Kikuchi Y, Kanda E, Sasajima M, et al. Serum pepsinogens as a predicator of the topography of intestinal metaplasia in patients with atrophic gastritis. Dig Dis Sci 2004; 49: 795–801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitahara F, Kobayashi K, Sato T, Kojima Y, Araki T, Fujino, MA. Accuracy of screening for gastric cancer using serum pepsinogen concentrations. Gut 1999;44:693–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiotani A, Iishi H, Uedo N, Kumamoto M, Nakae Y, Ishiguro S, et al. Histologic and serum risk markers for noncardia early gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2005; 115: 463–9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sipponen P, Vauhkonen M, Helske T, Kääriäinen I, Härkönen M. Low circulating levels of gastrin-17 in patients with Barrett's esophagus. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11: 5988–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki H, Masaoka T, Hosoda H, Nomura S, Ohara T, Kanagawa K, et al. Plasma ghrelin concentration correlates with the levels of serum pepsinogen I and pepsinogen I/II ratio: a possible novel and non-invasive marker of gastric atrophy. Hepatogastroenterology 2004; 51: 1249–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar