Dihydroxy bile acids increase mucosal permeability and bacterial uptake in human colon biopsies

References

• Setchell KDR, Kritchevsky D, Nair PP. Methods and applications: the bile acids – chemistry, physiology and metabolism. Vol. 4. Plenum Press, New York, London 1988
   Google Scholar
• Dawson PA. Bile secretion and the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. Gastrointestinal and liver disease7th ed, MH Sleisenger, JS Fordtran. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia 2002; 1051–64
   Google Scholar
• Setchell KDR, Lawson AM, Tanida N, Sjövall J. General methods for the analysis of metabolic profiles of bile acids and related compounds in feces. J Lipid Res 1983; 24: 1085–100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McJunkin B, Fromm H, Sarva RP, Prafulla A. Factors in the mechanism of diarrhea in bile acid malabsorption: fecal pH – a key determinant. Gastroenterology 1981; 80: 1454–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas LA, Veysey MJ, French G, Hylemon PB, Murphy GM, Dowling RH. Bile acid metabolism by fresh human colonic contents: comparison of caecal versus faecal samples. Gut 2001; 49: 835–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chadwick VS, Gaginella TS, Carlson GL, Debongnie JC, Phillips SF, Hofmann AF. Effect of molecular structure on bile acid-induced alterations in absorptive function, permeability and morphology in the perfused rabbit colon. J Lab Clin Med 1979; 94: 661–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mekhjian HS, Phillips SF, Hofmann AF. Colonic secretion of water and electrolytes induced by bile acids: perfusion studies in man. J Clin Invest 1971; 50: 1569–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freel RW, Hatch M, Earnest DL, Goldner AM. Dihydroxyl bile acid-induced alterations in NaCl transport across the rabbit colon. Am J Physiol 1983; 245: 808–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camilleri M, Murphy R, Chadwick VS. Dose-related effects of chenodeoxycholic acid in the rabbit colon. Dig Dis Sci 1980; 25: 433–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goerg KJ, Specht W, Nell G, Rummel W, Schulz L. Effect of deoxycholate on the perfused rat colon. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of the morphological alterations occurring during the secretagogue action of deoxycholate. Digestion 1982; 25: 145–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fasano A, Shea-Donohue T. Mechanisms of disease: the role of intestinal barrier function in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 9: 416–22
   Google Scholar
• Ung KA, Gillberg R, Kilander A, Abrahamsson H. Role of bile acids and bile acid-binding agents in patients with collagenous colitis. Gut 2000; 46: 170–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Münch A, Söderholm JD, Wallon C, Öst A, Olaison G, Ström M. Dynamics of mucosal permeability and inflammation in collagenous colitis before, during and after loop ileostomy. Gut 2005; 54: 1126–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallon C, Braaf Y, Wolving M, Olaison G, Söderholm JD. Endoscopic biopsies in Ussing chambers evaluated for studies of macromolecular permeability in the human colon. Scand J Gastroenterol 2005; 40: 586–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keita AV, Gullberg E, Ericson AC, Salim SY, Wallon C, Kald A, et al. Characterization of antigen and bacterial transport in the follicle-associated epithelium of human ileum. Lab Invest 2006; 86: 504–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velin AK, Ericson AC, Braaf Y, Wallon C, Söderholm JD. Increased antigen and bacterial uptake in follicle associated epithelium induced by chronic psychological stress in rats. Gut 2004; 53: 494–500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan CP, Park CS, Lau BH. A rapid and simple microfluorometric phagocytosis assay. J Immunol Methods 1993; 162: 1–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potter GD. Bile acid diarrhea. Dig Dis Sci 1998; 16: 118–24
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moschetta A, Portincasa P, Debellis L, Petruzzelli M, Montelli R, Calamita G, et al. Basolateral Ca-dependent K-channels play a key role in Cl secretion induced by taurodeoxycholate from colon mucosa. Biol Cell 2003; 95: 115–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dharmsathaphorn K, Huott PA, Vongkovit P, Beuerlein G, Pandol SJ, Ammon HV. Cl secretion induced by bile salts. A study of the mechanism of action based on a cultured colonic epithelial cell line. J Clin Invest 1989; 84: 945–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goerg KJ, Nell G, Rummel W. Effect of deoxycholate on the perfused rat colon. Concentration dependence of the effect on net fluid and electrolyte transfer and the correlation with paracellular permeability. Digestion 1983; 26: 105–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freel RW, Hatch M, Earnest DL, Goldner AM. Role of tight-junctional pathways in bile salt-induced increased colonic permeability. Am J Physiol 1983; 245: 816–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zareie M, Riff J, Donato K, McKay DM, Perdue MH, Soderholm JD, et al. Novel effects if the prototype translocating Escherichia coli, strain C25 on intestinal epithelial structure and barrier function. Cell Microbiol 2005; 7: 1782–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kersting S, Bruewer M, Schuermann G, Klotz A, Utech M, Hansmerten M, et al. Antigen transport and cytoskeletal characteristics of a distinct enterocyte population in inflammatory bowel diseases. AJP 2004; 165: 425–37
   Google Scholar
• Söderholm JD, Peterson KH, Olaison G, Franzen LE, Westrom B, Magnusson KE, et al. Epithelial permeability to proteins in the noninflamed ileum of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 1999; 117: 65–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Söderholm JD, Olaison G, Lindberg E, Hannestad U, Vindels A, Tysk C, et al. Different intestinal permeability patterns in relatives and spouses of patients with Crohn's disease: an inherited defect in mucosal defence?. Gut 1999; 44: 96–100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buhner S, Buning C, Genschel J., Kling K, Herrmann D, Dignass A, et al. Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease: role of CARD 15 3020insC mutation?. Gut 2006; 55: 342–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollander D. Intestinal permeability, leaky gut, and intestinal disorders. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 1999; 1: 410–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tanida N, Hikasa Y, Dodo M, Sawada K, Kawaura A, Shimoyama T. High concentration and retained amidation of fecal bile acids in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterol Jpn 1986; 21: 245–54
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burgel N, Bojarski C, Mankertz J, Zeitz M, Fromm M, Schultke JD. Mechanisms of diarrhea in collagenous colitis. Gastroenterology 2002; 123: 433–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mühlbauer M, Allard B, Bosserhoff AK, Kiessling S, Herfarth H, Rogler G, et al. Differential effects of deoxycholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid on NF-KB signal transduction and IL-8 gene expression in colonic epithelial cells. AJP Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004; 286: 1000–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell NB, Ruaux CG, Shifflett DE, Steiner JM, Williams DA, Blikslager AT, et al. Physiological concentrations of bile salts inhibit recovery of ischemic-injured porcine ileum. AJP Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004; 287: 399–407
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar