References
- Marrie TJ. Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly. Semin Respir Infect 1990; 5: 260–75.
- Beck-Sague C, Banerjee S, Jarvis WR. Infectious diseases and mortality among US nursing home residents. Am J Public Health 1993; 83: 1739–42.
- Olive KE, Berk SL. Infections in the nursing home. Clin Geriatr Med 1992; 8: 821–34.
- Drinka PJ, Gauerke C, Voeks S, Miller J, Achultz S, Krause P, et al. Pneumonia in a nursing home. J Gen Intern Med 1994; 9: 650–2.
- Medina-Walpole AM, McCormick WC. Provider practice patterns in nursing home-acquired pneumonia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998; 46: 187–92.
- Thompson RS, Hall NK, Szpiech M. Hospitalization and mortality rates for nursing home-acquired pneumonia. J Fam Pract 1999; 48: 291–3.
- Muder RR. Pneumonia in residents of long-term care facilities: epidemiology, etiology, management and prevention. Am J Med 1998; 105: 319–30.
- Meehan TP, Chua-Reyes JM, Prestwood KM, Scinto JD, Petrillo MK, Metersky Ml. Process of care performance, patient characteristics, and outcome in elderly patients hospitalized with community-acquired or nursing home-acquired pneumonia. Chest 2000; 117: 1378–85.
- Janssens J-P, Gauthey L, Herrmann F, Tkatch L, Michel JP. Community-acquired pneumonia in older patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996; 44: 539–44.
- Naughton BJ, Mylotte JM, Tayara A. Outcome of nursing home-acquired pneumonia: derivation and application of a practical model to predict 30 days mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000; 48: 1292–9.
- Houston MS, Silverstein MD, Suman VJ. Risk factors for 30-day mortality in elderly patients with lower respiratory tract infection. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 2190–5.
- Riquelme R, Torres A, El-Ebiary M, de la Bellacasa JP, Estruch R, Mensa J, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly: a multivariate analysis of risk and prognostic factors. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154: 1450–5.
- Marrie TJ, Durant H, Yates L. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: a 5-year prospective study. Rev Infect Dis 1989; 11: 586–99.
- Torres A, El-Biary M, Riquelme R, Ruiz M, Cells R. Community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly. Semin Respir Infect 1999; 14: 173–83.
- Muder RR, Brennen C, Swenson L, Wagener M. Pneumonia in a long-term care facility. A prospective study of outcome. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 2365–70.
- Marrie TJ, Blanchard W. A comparison of nursing home-acquired pneumonia patients with patients with community-acquired pneumonia and nursing home patients without pneumonia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997; 45: 50–5.
- Mehr DR, Zweig SC, Kruse RL, Popejoy L, Horman D, Willis D, et al. Mortality from lower respiratory infection in nursing home residents. A pilot prospective community-based study. J Fam Pract 1998; 47: 298–304.
- Hulter Åsberg K. ADL-trappan. Lund: Studentlitteratur; 1990. (In Swedish.)
- Hulter Åsberg K, Sonn U. The cumulative structure of personal and instrumental ADL. Scand J Rehabil Med 1988; 21: 171–7.
- Christensson L, Unosson M, Ek A-C. Malnutrition in elderly people newly admitted to a community resident home. J Nutr Health Aging 1999; 3: 133–9.
- Symreng T. Arm anthropometry in a large reference population and in surgical patients. Clin Nutr 1982; 1: 211–9.
- Whitney EN, Cataldo CB, Rolfes SR. Energy balance and body composition. In: Understanding normal and clinical nutrition, 5th edn. Belmont, CA: Wodsworth; 1998. p. 256–86 (Appendix E).
- Marrie TJ. Pneumonia in the elderly. Curr Opin Pulmon Med 1996; 2: 192–7.
- Mandell LA, Marrie TJ, Grossman RF, Chow AW, Hyland RH. Summary of Canadian guidelines for the initial management of community-acquired pneumonia: an evidence-based update by the Canadian Infectious Disease Society and the Canadian Thoracic Society. Can Respir J 2000; 7: 371–82.
- Fedson D, Wajda A, Nichol J, Hammond G, Kaiser D, Roos L. Clinical effectiveness of influenza vaccination in Mantoba. JAMA 1993; 270: 1956–61.
- Mulloly J, Bennet M, Hornbrook M, Barker W, Williams W, Patriarc P, et al. Influenza vaccination program for elderly persons, cost-effectiveness in a health maintenance organization. Ann Intern Med 1994; 121: 947–52.
- Nichol K, Baken L, Wuorema J, Nelson A. The health and economic benefits associated with pneumococcal vaccination of elderly persons with chronic lung disease. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 2437–42.
- Christenson B, Lundbergh P, Hedlund J, Ortqvist A. Effects of a large-scale intervention with influenza and 23-valent pneumococcal vaccines in adults aged 65 years or older: a prospective study. Lancet 2001; 357: 1008–11.