658
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

“We Have Closed Our Eyes and Sealed Our Lips”: Black Women’s Accounts of Discussing Suicide within the Black Community

References

  • Ahmedani, Brian Kenneth, Brian Perron, Mark Ilgen, Arnelyn Abdon, Michael Vaughn, and Matthew Epperson. 2012. “Suicide Thoughts and Attempts and Psychiatric Treatment Utilization: Informing Prevention Strategies.” Psychiatric Services 63 (2):186–89. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201100159
  • Alston, Maude H. and Sharon Eylar Anderson. 1995. “Suicidal Behavior in African American Women.” Pp. 133–43 in Women and Suicidal Behavior, edited by Silvia Sara Canetto and David Lester. New York: Springer Publishing Company,
  • American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. 2015. “Suicide Statistics.” American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. Retrieved May 16, 2018 (https://www.afsp.org/understanding-suicide/facts-and-figures).
  • Anderson, Elijah. 1990. Street Wise. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Anderson, Page L., Jasmin A Tiro, Ann Webb Price, Marnette A Bender, and Nadine J Kaslow. 2002. “Additive Impact of Childhood Emotional, Physical, and Sexual Abuse on Suicide Attempts among Low-Income African American Women.” Suicide & Life - Threatening Behavior 32 (2):131–38. doi: 10.1521/suli.32.2.131.24405
  • Baca-Zinn, Maxine. 2001. “Insider Field Research in Minority Communities.” Pp. 159–66 in Contemporary Field Research: Perspectives and Formulations, edited by Robert M Emerson. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press Inc,
  • Barnes, Donna and Carl C Bell. 2003. “Paradoxes of Black Suicide.” The National Journal 20:2–4.
  • Barnes, Donna Holland. 2006. “The Aftermath of Suicide among African Americans.” Journal of Black Psychology 32 (3):335–48. doi: 10.1177/0095798406290470
  • Beauboeuf-Lafontant, Tamara. 2007. “You Have to Show Strength: An Exploration of Gender, Race, and Depression.” Gender & Society 21 (1):28–51. doi: 10.1177/0891243206294108
  • Bell, Carl C. and David C Clark. 1998. “Adolescent Suicide.” Pediatric Clinics of North America 45 (2):365–80. doi: 10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70012-2
  • Biernacki, Patrick and Dan Waldorf. 1981. “Snowball Sampling: Problems and Techniques of Chain Referral Sampling.” Sociological Methods & Research 10 (2):141–63. doi: 10.1177/004912418101000205
  • Bridge, Jeffrey, Linsey Asti, Lisa Horowitz, Joel B. Greenhouse, Cynthia A. Fontanella, Arielle H. Sheftall, Kelly J. Kelleher, and John V Campo. 2015. “Suicide Trends among Elementary School-Aged Children in the United States from 1993 to 2012.” JAMA Pediatrics 169 (7):673–77. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0465
  • California Mental Health Services Authority. 2015. “Know the Signs.” Retrieved September 4, 2014 (http://www.suicideispreventable.org/).
  • Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2015. “2014, United States Suicide Injury Deaths and Rates per 100,000.” in WISQARS Website, edited by Fatal Injury Reports and Leading Cause of Deaths Report. Retrieved May 16, 2018 (www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html).
  • Coffee, Melanie. 2012. “A Hope that Don Cornelius’ Apparent Suicide Opens Door on Taboo Topic.” HuffPost Black Voices: Huffington Post. Retrieved, March 3, 2013 (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/melanie-coffee/don-cornelius-suicide_b_1249688.html).
  • Collins, Patricia H. 2009. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. New York: Routledge.
  • Davidson, Lucy, Lloyd Potter, and Virginia Ross. 1999. The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Prevent Suicide. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services. U.S. Public Health Service.
  • Drapeau, Christopher W. and McIntosh John. 2015. “U.S.A. Suicide: 2013 Official Final Data.” United States Suicide Statistics Washington, DC: American Association of Suicidology. Retrieved, January 22, 2015.
  • Durkheim, Emile. [1897] 2006. On Suicide. Translated by Robin Buss. London: Penguin.
  • Early, Kevin. 1992. Religion and Suicide in the African American Community. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
  • Early, Kevin and Robert L Akers. 1993. “Is It a White Thing? Exploration of Beliefs about Suicide in the African American Community.” Deviant Behavior 14:277–96. doi: 10.1080/01639625.1993.9967947
  • Farrington, Lisa E. 2003. “Reinventing Herself: The Black Female Nude.” Women’s Art Journal 24 (2):15–23. doi: 10.2307/1358782
  • Fernquist, Robert M. 2004. “Does Single Motherhood Protect against Black Female Suicide?” Archives of Suicide Research 8 (2):163–71. doi: 10.1080/13811110490271119
  • Flagg, Barbara. 1993. “Was Blind but Now I See: White Race Consciousness and the Requirement of Discriminatory Intent.” Michigan Law Review 91 (5):953–1017. doi: 10.2307/1289678
  • Fylan, Fiona. 2005. “Semi-Structured Interviewing.” Pp. 65–78 in A Handbook of Research Methods for Clinical and Health Psychology, edited by Jeremy Miles and Paul Gilbert. New York: Oxford University Press,
  • Gamson, Joshua. 2003. “Sexualities, Queer Theory, and Qualitative Research.” Pp. 540–68 in The Landscape of Qualitative Research: Theories and Issues, edited by Norman K Denzon and Yvonna S Lincoln. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage,
  • Gary, Faye A. 2005. “Stigma: Barrier to Mental Health Care among Ethnic Minorities.” Issues in Mental Health Nursing 26 (10):979–99. doi: 10.1080/01612840500280638
  • Gibbs, Jewelle Taylor. 1997. “8 African-American Suicides: A Cultural Paradox.” Suicide and Life–Threatening Behavior 27 (1):68–79.
  • Goffman, Erving. 2009. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Goldsmith, Sarah K., Terry C Pellmar, Arthur M Kleinman, and William E Bunney, edited by 2002b. Reducing Suicide: A National Imperative. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
  • Goldsmith, Sara K., Terry C Pellmar, Arthur M Kleinman, and William E Bunney. 2002a. Reducing Suicide: A National Imperative. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
  • Goldston, David B., Sherry Davis Molock, Leslie B Whitbeck, Jessica L Murakami, Luis H Zayas, and Gordon C Nagayama Hall. 2008. “Cultural Considerations in Adolescent Suicide Prevention and Psychosocial Treatment.” The American Psychologist 63 (1):14–31. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.63.1.14
  • Grant, Donald E. 2013. “Black Suicide: When Prayer Is Not Enough.” Ebony, Retrieved August 20, 2016 http://www.ebony.com/wellness-empowerment/black-suicide-when-prayer-is-not-enough-405#axzz3Qtc6n7r3
  • Gray-White, Deborah. 1999. Ar’n’t I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.
  • Griffin-Fennell, Felicia and Michelle Williams. 2006. “Examining the Complexities of Suicidal Behavior in the African American Community.” Journal of Black Psychology 32 (3):303–19. doi: 10.1177/0095798406290469
  • Griffith, Erza E. H. and Carl C. Bell. 1989. “Recent Trends in Suicide and Homicide among Blacks.” Journal of the American Medical Association 262 (16):2265–69. doi: 10.1001/jama.1989.03430160087036
  • Ikpi, Bassey. 2012. “Black People Don’t Kill Themselves, Right?” The Root. Retrieved May 11, 2018 (https://www.theroot.com/black-people-dont-kill-themselves-right-1790889768).
  • Jedlicka, Davor, Yongsock Shin, and Everett S Lee. 1977. “Suicide among Blacks.” Phylon 38 (4):448–55. doi: 10.2307/274960
  • Joe, Sean, Raymond S Baser, Harold W Neighbors, Cleopatra H Caldwell, and James S Jackson. 2009. “12-Month and Lifetime Prevalence of Suicide Attempts among Black Adolescents in the National Survey of American Life.” Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 48 (3):271–82. doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e318195bccf
  • Joe, Sean, Silvia Sara Canetto, and Daniel Romer. 2008. “Advancing Prevention Research on the Role of Culture in Suicide Prevention.” Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 38 (3):354–62. doi: 10.1521/suli.2008.38.3.354
  • Joe, Sean and Mark S Kaplan. 2001. “Suicide among African American Men.” Suicide & Life - Threatening Behavior 31:106–21. doi: 10.1521/suli.31.1.5.106.24223
  • Jones, Charisse and Kumea Shorter-Gooden. 2003. Shifting: The Double Lives of Black Women in America. New York: Harper Collins.
  • Kirk, Alton R. 2009. Black Suicide: The Tragic Reality of America’s Deadliest Secret. Silver Spring, MD: Beckham Publications.
  • Kleinman, Arthur and Rachel Hall-Clifford. 2009. “Stigma: A Social, Cultural and Moral Process.” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 63 (6):418–19. doi: 10.1136/jech.2008.084277
  • Krieger, Nancy and Mary Bassett. 1993. “The Health of Black Folk: Disease, Class, and Ideology in Science.” Pp. 161–69 in The “Racial” Economy of Science toward a Democratic Future, edited by Sandra Harding. Indianapolis, in Indiana University Press,
  • Lerner, Gerda, eds) 1973. Black Women in White America. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Lester, David. 1998. Suicide in African Americans. Commack, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
  • Lester, David and Bijou Yang. 1998. Suicide and Homicide in the 20th Century: Changes over Time. Commack, NY: Nova Science Publishers Inc.
  • Lugo, Luis, Sandra Stencel, John Green, Gregory Smith, Dan Cox, Allison Pond, Tracy Miller, Elizabeth Podrebarac, and Michelle Ralston. 2008. “U.S. Religious Landscape Survey.” in Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. Washington DC. Retrieved Feburary 2007, 2018 (http://www.pewforum.org/files/2008/06/report2-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf).
  • Neeleman, Jan, Simon Wessely, and Glyn Lewis. 1998. “Suicide Acceptability in African and White Americans: The Role of Religion.” Journal Nervous Mental Disorder 186 (1):12–16. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199801000-00003
  • Pompili, M., I. Mancinelli, and R. Tatarelli. 2003. “Stigma as a Cause of Suicide.” The British Journal of Psychiatry 183 (2):173–74. doi: 10.1192/S0007125000162774
  • Poussaint, Alvin F. and Amy Alexander. 2001. Lay My Burden Down: Suicide and the Mental Health Crisis among African-Americans. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
  • Prudhomme, Charles. 1938. “The Problem of Suicide in the American Negro.” Psychoanalytic Review 25:372–91.
  • Robinson-Brown, Diana and Verna Keith. 2013. In and Out of Our Right Minds: The Mental Health of African American Women. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Rockett, Ian, Julie Samora, and Jeffrey Coben. 2006. “The Black-White Suicide Paradox: Possible Effects of Misclassification.” Social Science & Medicine 63:2165–75. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.05.017
  • Sanders Thompson, Vetta L, Anita Bazile, and Maysa Akbar. 2004. “African Americans’ Perceptions of Psychotherapy and Psychotherapists.” Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 35 (1):19–26. doi: 10.1037/0735-7028.35.1.19
  • Snowden, Lonnie R. 2001. “Barriers to Effective Mental Health Services for African Americans.” Mental Health Services Research 3 (4):181–87. doi: 10.1023/A:1013172913880
  • Spates, Kamesha. 2014. What Don’t Kill Us Makes Us Stronger: African American Women and Suicide. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.
  • Stack, Carol. 1974. All Our Kin. New York: Basic Books.
  • Stack, Steven. 1998a. “Education and Risk of Suicide: An Analysis of African Americans.” Sociological Focus 31 (3):295–302. doi: 10.1080/00380237.1998.10571108
  • Stack, Steven. 1998b. “The Relationship between Culture and Suicide: An Analysis of African Americans.” Transcultural Psychiatry 35 (2):253–69. doi: 10.1177/136346159803500205
  • Staples, Robert. 1973. The Black Woman in America. Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall Publishers.
  • Strauss, Anselm and Juliet M Corbin. 1998. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Suicide Prevention Resource Center. 2013. “Suicide among Racial/Ethnic Populations in the U.S.: Blacks.” Edited by Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Waltham, MA: Retrieved June 27, 2016 (https://www.sprc.org/sites/default/files/migrate/library/Blacks%20Sheet%20August%2028%202013%20Final.pdf).
  • Taylor-Gibbs, Jewelle. 1997. “African American Suicide: A Cultural Paradox.” Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior 27 (1):68–79.
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health. 2016. “Profile: Black/African Americans.” Rockville, MD: Retrieved September 21, 2016 (http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=3&lvlid=61).
  • Van Poppel, Frans and Lincoln H Day. 1996. “A Test of Durkheim’s Theory of Suicide— Without Committing the ‘Ecological Fallacy.” American Sociological Review 61 (3):500–07. doi: 10.2307/2096361
  • Walker, Rheeda L., David Lester, and Sean Joe. 2006. “Lay Theories of Suicide: An Examination of Culturally Relevant Suicide Beliefs and Attributions among African Americans and European Americans.” Journal of Black Psychology 32 (3):320–34. doi: 10.1177/0095798406290467
  • Ward, Earlise, Jacqueline C Wiltshire, Michelle A Detry, and Roger L Brown. 2013. “African American Men and Women’s Attitude toward Mental Illness, Perceptions of Stigma, and Preferred Coping Behaviors.” Nursing Research 62 (3):185–94. doi: 10.1097/NNR.0b013e31827bf533
  • Weiss, Robert S. 1994. Learning from Strangers: The Art and Method of Qualitative Interviews. New York: Free Press.
  • Williams, Terri M. 2013. “Suicide and the Effects of Gun Violence in the Community.” NewsOne.com, edited by Roland Martin. Retrieved May 16, 2018 (http://newsone.com/2740738/why-we-need-to-call-suicide-what-it-is/).
  • Xanthos, C. 2008. “The Secret Epidemic: Exploring the Mental Health Crisis Affecting Adolescent African American Males.” Atlanta, GA: Community Voices: Healthcare for the Underserved, Morehouse School of Medicine.” Retrieved November 1, 2011 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875686709003698).
  • Yanick, St. Jean and Joe R Feagin. 1998. Double Burden: Black Women and Everyday Racism. New York: M.E. Sharpe.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.