The Invisible Work of Closeting: A Qualitative Study About Strategies Used by Lesbian and Gay Persons to Conceal Their Sexual Orientation

References

• Adams, T. E. (2011). Narrating the closet: An autoethnography of same-sex attraction. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
   Google Scholar
• Anderssen, N., & Hellesund, T. (2009). Heteronormative consensus in the Norwegian same-sex adoption debate? Journal of Homosexuality, 56(1), 102–120. doi: 907424884[pii]10.1080/00918360802551597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderssen, N., & Malterud, K. (Eds.). (2013). Seksuell orientering og levekår [Sexual orientation and living conditions] (in Norwegian, English summary). Bergen, Norway: Uni Helse.
   Google Scholar
• Austin, E. L. (2013). Sexual orientation disclosure to health care providers among urban and non-urban southern lesbians. Women and Health, 53, 41–55. doi:10.1080/03630242.2012.743497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beals, K. P., & Peplau, L. A. (2006). Disclosure patterns within social networks of gay men and lesbians. Journal of Homosexuality, 51(2), 101–120. doi:10.1300/J082v51n02_06
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergh, S., Bjerck, B., & Lund, E. (1976). Homofile - myter og virkelighet. En undersøkelse blant homofile kvinner og menn i Norge. Oslo, Norway: Pax forlag.
   Google Scholar
• Berlant, L., & Warner, M. (2000). Sex in public. In S. Vagholkar (Ed.), Intimacy (pp. 311–330). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bjorkman, M., & Malterud, K. (2007). Being lesbian: Does the doctor need to know? Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 25, 58–62. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17354161http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3389455/pdf/pri-25-58.pdf
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjorkman, M., & Malterud, K. (2009). Lesbian women’s experiences with health care: A qualitative study. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 27, 238–243. doi:10.3109/02813430903226548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjorkman, M., & Malterud, K. (2012). Lesbian women coping with challenges of minority stress: A qualitative study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 40, 239–244. doi:10.1177/1403494812443608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonet, L., Wells, B. E., & Parsons, J. T. (2007). A positive look at a difficult time: A strength based examination of coming out for lesbian and bisexual women. Journal of LGBT Health Research, 3, 7–14. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=18029311
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Butler, J. (1993). Bodies that matter. On the discursive limits of sex. London, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Corrigan, P. W., Larson, J. E., Hautamaki, J., Matthews, A., Kuwabara, S., Rafacz, J., & O’Shaughnessy, J. (2009). What lessons do coming out as gay men or lesbians have for people stigmatized by mental illness? Community Mental Health Journal, 45, 366–374. doi:10.1007/s10597-009-9187-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, N., Dewaele, A., Van Houtte, M., & Vincke, J. (2010). Stress-related growth, coming out, and internalized homonegativity in lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. An examination of stress-related growth within the minority stress model. Journal of Homosexuality, 58(1), 117–137. doi:10.1080/00918369.2011.533631
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frost, D. M., & Meyer, I. H. (2009). Internalized homophobia and relationship quality among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56, 97–109. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20047016 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2678796/pdf/nihms59525.pdf
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gransell, L., & Hansen, H. (2009). Lige og ulige? Homoseksuelle, biseksuelle og transkønnedes levevilkår. Retrieved from http://casa-analyse.dk/files/rapporter-social-arbejdsmarked/2009/lige_og_ulige_-_udvidet_rapport.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hegna, K., Kristiansen, H. W., & Moseng, B. U. (1999). Levekår og livskvalitet blant lesbiske kvinner og homofile menn [Living conditions and quality of life among lesbian women and gay men]. Oslo, Norway: Nova.
   Google Scholar
• Hegna, K., & Larsen, C. J. (2007). Straightening out the queer? Same-sex experience and attraction among young people in Norway. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 9, 15–30. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17364711 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13691050600965984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, S. M. (2008). My revolving closet door. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 12, 59–67. doi:10.1300/10894160802174326
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kitzinger, C. (1987). The social construction of lesbianism. London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Klein, K., Holtby, A., Cook, K., & Travers, R. (2015). Complicating the coming out narrative: Becoming oneself in a heterosexist and cissexist world. Journal of Homosexuality, 62(3), 297–326. doi:10.1080/00918369.2014.970829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malterud, K. (2012). Systematic text condensation: A strategy for qualitative analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 40, 795–805. doi:10.1177/1403494812465030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormack, M. (2012). The declining significance of homophobia: How teenage boys are redefining masculinity and heterosexuality. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• McDermott, E., Roen, K., & Scourfield, J. (2008). Avoiding shame: Young LGBT people, homophobia and self-destructive behaviours. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 10, 815–829. doi:904931624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 674–697. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.6742003-99991-002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohnstad, A. (2009). Lesbiske identiteter - skeive bevegelser [Lesbian identities—Queer movements] (in Norwegian) ( PhD dissertation), Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
   Google Scholar
• Plummer, K. (1981). The making of the modern homosexual. London, UK: Hutchison.
   Google Scholar
• Polek, C. A., Hardie, T. L., & Crowley, E. M. (2008). Lesbians’ disclosure of sexual orientation and satisfaction with care. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 19, 243–249. doi:1043659608317446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridge, D., & Ziebland, S. (2012). Understanding depression through a “coming out” framework. Sociology of Health and Illness, 34, 730–745. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.2011.01409.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rondahl, G., Innala, S., & Carlsson, M. (2006). Heterosexual assumptions in verbal and non-verbal communication in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 56, 373–381. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04018.x/asset/j.1365-2648.2006.04018.x.pdf?v=1&t=hzgy00zu&s=a3bccbe60a9a47ff48d4666a889909df0579dded
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rondahl, G., Innala, S., & Carlsson, M. (2007). To hide or not to hide, that is the question! Lesbians and gay men describe experiences from nursing work environment. Journal of Homosexuality, 52(3–4), 211–233. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1300/J082v52n03_10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roseneil, S., Crowhurst, I., Hellesund, T., Santos, A. C., & Stoilova, M. (2013). Changing landscapes of heteronormativity: The regulation and normalization of same-sex sexualities in Europe. Social Politics, 20(2), 165–199. doi:10.1093/sp/jxt006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi, N. E. (2010). “Coming out” stories of gay and lesbian young adults. Journal of Homosexuality, 57(9), 1174–1191. doi:10.1080/00918369.2010.508330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schilder, A. J., Kennedy, C., Goldstone, I. L., Ogden, R. D., Hogg, R. S., & O’Shaughnessy, M. V. (2001). “Being dealt with as a whole person”: Care seeking and adherence: The benefits of culturally competent care. Social Science and Medicine, 52, 1643–1659. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00274-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sedgwick, E. K. (2008). Epistemology of the closet (updated ed.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sedlovskaya, A., Purdie-Vaughns, V., Eibach, R. P., LaFrance, M., Romero-Canyas, R., & Camp, N. P. (2013). Internalizing the closet: Concealment heightens the cognitive distinction between public and private selves. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104, 695–715. Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/psp/104/4/695/http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/psp/104/4/695.pdf
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spidsberg, B. D. (2007). Vulnerable and strong: Lesbian women encountering maternity care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 60, 478–486. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04439.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics Norway. (2012). Bruk av IKT i husholdningene, 2012, 2. kvartal [Application of computers and Internet in Norwegian households] (in Norwegian). Retrieved from http://www.ssb.no/ikthus
   Google Scholar
• Thesen, J. (2001). Being a psychiatric patient in the community: Reclassified as the stigmatized “other.” Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 29, 248–255. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11775780 http://sjp.sagepub.com/content/29/4/248.full.pdf
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weeks, J. (1983). Coming out: Homosexual politics in Britain, from the nineteenth century to the present (Repr. ed.). London, UK: Quartet.
   Google Scholar
• West, C., & Zimmerman, D. H. (1991). Doing gender. In S. A. E. Farrell & J. Lorber (Eds.), The social construction of gender (pp. 13–37). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Wichstrom, L., & Hegna, K. (2003). Sexual orientation and suicide attempt: A longitudinal study of the general Norwegian adolescent population. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 144–151. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12653422http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/abn/112/1/144.pdf
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar