Management of painless mid-trimester cervical dilatation: Prophylactic vs emergency placement of cervical cerclage

References

• ACOG Practice Bulletin. Cervical insufficiency. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2003; 102: 1091–1099
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Althuisius S M, Dekker G A, van Geijn H P, Bekedam D J, Hummel P. Cervical incompetence prevention randomized cerclage trial (CIPRACT): study design and preliminary results. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2000; 183: 823–829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Althuisius S M, Dekker G A, Hummer P, Bekedam D J, van Geijn H P. 2001 Final results of the cervical incompetence prevention randomized cerclage trial (CIPRACT): therapeutic cerclage with bed rest versus rest alone. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001; 185: 1106–1112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachman L M, Coomarasamy A, Honest H, Khan K S. Elective cervical cerclage for prevention of preterm birth: a systematic review. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2003; 82: 398–404
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Belej-Rak T, Okun N, Windrim R, Ross S, Hannah M E. Effectiveness of cervical cerclage for a sonographically shortened cervix: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2003; 189: 1679–1687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bengtsson L P. Cervical insufficiency. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1968; 47: 7–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caspi E, Schneider D F, Mor Z, Langer R, Weinraub Z, Bukovsky I. Cervical internal os cerclage: description of a new technique and comparison with Shirodkar operation. American Journal of Perinatology 1990; 7: 347–349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cockwell H A, Smith G N. Cervical incompetence and the role of emergency cerclage. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Canada 2005; 27: 123–129
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cunningham G F, Leveno K J, Bloom S L, Hauth J C, Gilstrap L C, III, Wendstrom K D. Abortion. Williams obstetrics22nd ed, G F Cunningham, K J Leveno, S L Bloom, J C Hauth, L C Gilstrap, III, K D Wendstrom. McGraw-Hill, New York 2005; 237–239
   Google Scholar
• Daskalakis G, Papantoniou N, Mesogitis S, Antsaklis A. Management of cervical insufficiency and bulging fetal membranes. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006; 107: 221–226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drakeley A J, Roberts D, Alfirevic Z. Cervical cerclage for prevention of preterm delivery: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2003; 102: 621–627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath V CF, Souka A P, Erasmus I, Gibb D MF, Nicolaides K H. Cervical length at 23 weeks' gestation: the value of Shirodkar suture for the short cervix. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 1998; 12: 318–322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hole J, Tressler T, Martinez F. Elective and emergency transabdominal cervicoisthmic cerclage for cervical incompetence. Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2003; 48: 596–600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iams J D. Abnormal cervical competence. Maternal-fetal medicine: principals and practice5th ed, R K Creasy, R Resnik, J D Iams. W B Saunders, Philadelphia 2004; 603–622
   Google Scholar
• Katz M, Abrahams C. Transvaginal placement of cervicoisthmic cerclage: report on pregnancy outcome. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005; 192: 1989–1992
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lazar P, Gueguen S, Dreyfus J, Renaud R, Pontonnier G, Paprernik E. Multicentered controlled trial of cervical cerclage in women at moderate risk for preterm labour. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1984; 91: 731–735
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee K Y, Jun H A, Kim H B, Kang S W. Interleukin-6, but not relaxin, predicts outcome of rescue cerclage in women with cervical incompetence. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004; 191: 784–789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mays J K, Figueroa R, Shah J, Khakoo H, Kaminsky S, Tejani N. Amniocentesis for selection before rescue cerclage. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2000; 95: 652–655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogawa M, Sanada H, Tsuda A, Hirano H, Tanaka T. Modified cervical cerclage in pregnant women with advanced bulging membranes: knee-chest positioning. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1999; 78: 779–782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen J, Yost N, Berghella V, MacPherson C, Swain M, Dildy G A, 3rd, et al. Maternal-fetal medicine units network. Can shortened midtrimester cervical length predict very early spontaneous preterm birth?. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004; 191: 298–303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Espinoza J, Erez O, Hassan S. The role of cervical cerclage in obstetric practice: can the patient who could benefit from this procedure be identified?. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006; 194: 1–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozenberg P, Senat M V, Gillet A, Ville Y. Comparison of two methods of cervical cerclage by ultrasound cervical measurement. Journal of Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 2003; 13: 314–317
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rush R W, Isaacs S, McPherson R, Jones L, Chalmers I, Grant A. A randomised controlled trial of cervical cerclage in women at high risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1984; 91: 724–730
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rust O A, Atlas R O, Jones K J, Benham B N, Balducci J. A randomized trial of cerclage versus no cerclage among patients with ultrasonographically detected second-trimester preterm dilatation of the internal os. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2000; 183: 830–835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rust O A, Atlas R O, Reed J, Van Gaalen J, Balducci J. Revisiting the short cervix detected by transvaginal ultrasound in the second trimester: why cerclage therapy may not help. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001; 185: 1098–1105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rust O A, Atlas R O, Kimmel S, Roberts W E, Hess L W. Does the presence of a funnel increase the risk of adverse perinatal outcome in a patient with a short cervix?. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005; 192: 1060–1066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakai M, Shiozaki A, Tabata M, Sasaki Y, Yoneda S, Arai T, et al. Evaluation of effectiveness of prophylactic cerclage of a short cervix according to interleukin-8 in cervical mucus. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006; 194: 14–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• To M S, Alfirevic Z, Heath V CF, Cicdero S, Cacho A M, Williamson P R, et al. Cervical Cerclage for prevention of preterm delivery in women with short cervix: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 363: 1849–1853
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchide K, Ueno H, Sumitani H, Ueno H, Inoue M. Modification to the modified Shirodkar operation. American Journal of Perinatology 2000; 17: 437–439
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weiner C P, Lee K Y, Buhimschi C S, Christner R, Buhimschi I A. Proteomic biomarkers that predict the clinical success of rescue cerclage. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005; 192: 710–718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar