References
- Antonopoulos, Georgios A. and Alexandra Hall. 2016. “‘Gain with No Pain’: Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Trafficking in the Uk.” European Journal of Criminology 13 (6):696–713. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370816633261.
- Aresi, Giovanni, Simon C. Moore, and Elena Marta. 2016. “Drinking, Drug Use, and Related Consequences among University Students Completing Study Abroad Experiences: A Systematic Review.” Substance Use & Misuse 51 (14):1888–904. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2016.1201116.
- Aro, Arja R., A. M. Vartti, M. Schreck, P. Turtiainen, and A. Uutela. 2009. “Willingness to Take Travel-Related Health Risks–a Study among Finnish Tourists in Asia during the Avian Influenza Outbreak.” International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 16 (1):68–73. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-008-9003-7.
- Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2018. Overseas Arrivals and Departures, Australia, Dec 2018. Canberra, Australia: Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved March 15, 2019 (https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/products/961B6B53B87C130ACA2574030010BD05).
- Australian Criminal Intelligence Committee. 2019. Illicit Drug Data Report 2017–2018. Canberra: Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission.
- Begley, Emma, Jim McVeigh, and Vivian Hope. 2017. Image and Performance Enhancing Drugs: 2016 National Survey Results. UK: Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University.
- Bellis, Mark A., Karen Hughes, Andrew Bennett, and Roderick Thomson. 2003. “The Role of an International Nightlife Resort in the Proliferation of Recreational Drugs.” Addiction 98(12):1713–21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2003.00554.x.
- Bellis, Mark A., Karen E. Hughes, Paul Dillon, Jan Copeland, and Peter Gates. 2007. “Effects of Backpacking Holidays in Australia on Alcohol, Tobacco and Drug Use of Uk Residents.” BMC Public Health 7:1. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-7-1.
- Briggs, Daniel. 2013. Deviance and Risk on Holiday: An Ethnography of British Tourists in Ibiza. UK: Palgrave.
- Briggs, Daniel and Tim Turner. 2012. “Understanding British Youth Behaviors on Holiday in Ibiza.” International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 6 (1):81–90. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/17506181211206270.
- Cho, So-Hyan, Hyoung Joon Park, Ji Hyan Lee, Do Jung-Ah, Seok Heo, Jeong Hwa Jo, and Sooyeul Cho. 2015. “Determination of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Adulterants in Counterfeit Drugs by Uhplc-Ms/Ms.” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 111:138–46. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.018.
- Cohn, Amanda and Juliet Richters. 2013. “‘My Vagina Makes Funny Noises’: Analyzing Online Forums to Assess the Real Sexual Health Concerns of Young People.” International Journal of Sexual Health 25(2):93–103. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2012.719852.
- Cordaro, F. G., S. Lombardo, and Marco Cosentino. 2011. “Selling Androgenic Anabolic Steroids by the Pound: Identification and Analysis of Popular Websites on the Internet.” Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 21 (6):e247–59. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01263.x.
- Duff, Eamonn. 2012. “‘Steroid Vacations’ a Dangerous Rage.” Sydney Morning Herald.
- Fernandez, Facundo M., Dana Hostetler, Kristen Powell, Harparkash Kaur, Michael D. Green, Dallas C. Mildenhall, and Paul N. Newton. 2011. “Poor Quality Drugs: Grand Challenges in High Throughput Detection, Countrywide Sampling, and Forensics in Developing Countries.” Analyst 136 (15):3073–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/c0an00627k.
- Fincham, Jack E. 2014. “Counterfeit Medications and Their Negative Impacts on Health Care.” American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 78 (3):48. doi:https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe78348.
- Franklin‐Reible, Heidi. 2006. “Deviant Leisure: Uncovering the “Goods” in Transgressive Behaviour.” Leisure/Loisir 30 (1):55–71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2006.9651341.
- Griffiths, Scott, Stuart B. Murray, Matthew Dunn, and Aaaron J. Blashill. 2017. “Anabolic Steroid Use among Gay and Bisexual Men Living in Australia and New Zealand: Associations with Demographics, Body Dissatisfaction, Eating Disorder Psychopathology, and Quality of Life.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 181:170–76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.003.
- Hall, A. and G.A. Antonopoulos. 2015. “License to Pill: Illegal Entrepreneurs’ Tactics in the Online Trade of Medicines.” Pp. 229-252, in The Relativity of Wrongdoing: Corruption, Organised Crime, Fraud and Money Laundering in Perspective, edited by P. C. van Duyne, A. Maljevic, G.A. Antonopoulos, J. Harvey, and K. von Lampe. Nijmegen: Wolf Legal Publishers.
- Hall, Alexandra, Rosa Koenraadt, and Georgios A. Antonopoulos. 2017. “Illicit Pharmaceutical Networks in Europe: Organising the Illicit Medicine Market in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.” Trends in Organized Crime 20 (3):296–315. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-017-9304-9.
- Hoffman, Jay R., Avery D. Faigenbaum, Nicholas A. Ratamess, Ryan Ross, Jie Kang, and Gershon Tenenbaum. 2008. “Nutritional Supplementation and Anabolic Steroid Use in Adolescents.” Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 40 (1):15–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a5181.
- Hutchinson, Brendan, Stephen Moston, and Terry Engelberg. 2015. “Social Validation: A Motivational Theory of Doping in an Online Bodybuilding Community.” Sport in Society 260-282: 1–23.
- Kimergård, Andreas. 2015. “A Qualitative Study of Anabolic Steroid Use Amongst Gym Users in the United Kingdom: Motives, Beliefs and Experiences.” Journal of Substance Use 20(4):288–94. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/14659891.2014.911977.
- Klunge-de Luze, Celine, Serge de Valliere, Blaise Genton, and Nicolas Senn. 2014. “Observational Study on the Consumption of Recreational Drugs and Alcohol by Swiss Travelers.” BMC Public Health 14:1199. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1199.
- Kraska, Peter B, Charles R Bussard, and John J Brent. 2010. “Trafficking in Bodily Perfection: Examining the Late‐Modern Steroid Marketplace and Its Criminalization.” Justice Quarterly 27(2):159–85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820902814013.
- Kuanpoth, Jakkrit. 2018. “Combatting Counterfeit Drugs: Case Studies of Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand.” Journal of Generic Medicines 14:1. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1741134317728403.
- Measham, Fiona C. 2018. “Drug Safety Testing, Disposals and Dealing in an English Field: Exploring the Operational and Behavioural Outcomes of the Uk’s First Onsite ‘Drug Checking’ Service.” The International Journal on Drug Policy. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.11.001.
- Miles, Miles B., A. Michael Huberman, and Johnny Saldana. 2014. Qualitative Data Analysis. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications Inc.
- Monaghan, Lee F. 2002. “Vocabularies of Motive for Illicit Steroid Use among Bodybuilders.” Social Science & Medicine 55(5):695–708. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00195-2.
- Morten., Hesse, Sébastien Tutenges, Sanna Schliewe, and Tine Reinholdt. 2008. “Party Package Travel: Alcohol Use and Related Problems in A Holiday Resort: A Mixed Methods Study.” BMC Public Health 8:351. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-351.
- Mulrooney, Kyle J.D., Katinka van de Ven, Jim McVeigh, and Rick Collins. 2019. “Steroid Madness: Has the Dark-Side of Aas Been over-Stated?” Pp. 54–67, in Human Enhancement Drugs, edited by Katinka van de Ven, Kyle J. D. Mulrooney, and Jim McVeigh. London: Routledge.
- Mulrooney, Kyle J.D. and Katinka van de Ven. 2019. “‘The Fittest on Earth’: Deviant Leisure and the Use of Performance and Image Enhancing Drugs within Crossfit Communities in the Uk.” Pp. 187–211, in Deviant Leisure: Criminological Perspectives on Leisure and Harm, edited by O. Smith and T. Raymen. UK: Palgrave.
- Neves, Dina, Brito da Justa, and Elois Dutra Caldas. 2017. “Gc-Ms Quantitative Analysis of Black Market Pharmaceutical Products Containing Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Seized by the Brazilian Federal Police.” Forensic Science International 275:272–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.03.016.
- Paoli, Letizia and Alessandro Donati. 2014. The Sports Doping Market: Understanding Supply and Demand, and the Challenges of Their Control. London: Springer.
- Psychonaut Web Mapping Research Group. 2010. Psychonaut Web Mapping Project: Alert on New Recreational Drugs on the Web; Building up a European-Wide Web Scan Monitoring System. London: Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London.
- Roberto., Vivancos, Ibrahim Abubakar, and Paul R. Hunter. 2010a. “Foreign Travel Associated with Increased Sexual Risk-Taking, Alcohol and Drug Use among Uk University Students: A Cohort Study.” International Journal of STD & AIDS 21 (1):46–51. doi:https://doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2009.008501.
- Rojeck, Chris. 1995. Decentring Leisure: Rethinking Leisure Theory. London: Sage.
- Sagoe, Dominc. 2014. “Anabolic Steroids a Serious Global Health Problem amid Boom in Cosmetic Use.” Accessed on April 01 2014: (https://theconversation.com/anabolic-steroids-a-serious-global-health-problem-amid-boom-in-cosmetic-use-24238).
- Sassatelli, Roberta. 2010. Fitness Culture: Gyms and the Commercialisation of Discipline and Fun. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmilan.
- Shugart, Chris. 2002. “The Thailand Trilogy.” Accessed on 27 August 2018: (https://www.t-nation.com/living/thailand-trilogy-1).
- Smith, Oliver and Thomas Raymen. 2018. “Deviant Leisure: A Criminological Perspective.” Theoretical Criminology 22 (1):63–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480616660188.
- Soussan, Christophe and Anette Kjellgren. 2014. “Harm Reduction and Knowledge Exchange—a Qualitative Analysis of Drug-Related Internet Discussion Forums.” Harm Reduction Journal 11(1):25. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7517-11-25.
- Sri-Ngernyuang, Luechai. 1996. “Drug Abundance: Situation of Drugs and Drug Distribution in the Villages of Rural Thailand.” Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 9:18–23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/101053959700900104.
- Suat., Dursun, Matthew Dunn, and Fiona H. McKay. 2019. “The Availability and Acquisition of Modafinil on the Internet.” Drug and Alcohol Review 38 (6):699–702. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.12977.
- Svensson, Pia, Mats Sundbeck, Kristina Ingemarsdotti. Persson, Martin Stafstrom, Per-Olof Ostergren, Louise Mannheimer, and Anette Agardh. 2018. “A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Literature Review of Factors Associated with Sexual Risk-Taking during International Travel.” Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 24:65–88. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.03.002.
- Taher, Akmal and Arini Setiawati. 2013. “Victory Project: A Study of Counterfeit Pde5 Inhibitor (Sildenafil) in Indonesia.” Acta medica Indonesiana 45 (4):290–94.
- Thomas, David Q. and John C. Quindry. 1997. “Exercise Consumerism—Let the Buyer Beware!” Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 68 (3):56–60. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.1997.10604912.
- Tighe, Boden, Matthew Dunn, Fiona H. McKay, and Timothy Piatkowski. 2017. “Information Sought, Information Shared: Exploring Performance and Image Enhancing Drug User-Facilitated Harm Reduction Information in Online Forums.” Harm Reduction Journal 14:48. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-017-0176-8.
- Turley, Dan. 2018. “Dissertation Reflection: Counterfeit Drugs in Thailand.” Retrieved 2019 (http://www.blog.hcri.ac.uk/dissertation-reflection-counterfeit-drugs-thailand/).
- Underwood, Mair. 2017. “Exploring the Social Lives of Image and Performance Enhancing Drugs: An Online Ethnography of the Zyzz Fandom of Recreational Bodybuilders.” International Journal of Drug Policy 39:78–85. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.08.012.
- van de Ven, K., Kyle J.D. Mulrooney, and H. Townsend. Forthcoming. “Image and Performance Enhancing Drug (Iped) Dealers and Their Motives.” in Understanding Drug Dealing and Illicit Drug Markets, edited by T. Ayres, C. Ancrum, and S. Rolls. London: Routledge.
- van de Ven, Katinka. 2016. “‘Blurred Lines’: Anti-Doping, National Policies, and the Performance and Image Enhancing Drug (Pied) Market in Belgium and the Netherlands.” Performance Enhancement & Health 4 (3):94–102. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peh.2016.03.003.
- van de Ven, Katinka. 2017. “Illicit Performance and Image Enhancing Drug Markets.” Pp. 11–23, in Comptemporary Organized Crime: Developments, Challenges and Responses, edited by D. Siegel and H. Nelen. New York: Springer.
- van de Ven, Katinka, Matthew Dunn, and K. Mulrooney. 2020. “Performance and Image Enhancing Drug (PIED) Producers and Suppliers: A Retrospective Content Analysis of Pied-Provider Cases in Australia from 2010–2016.” Trends in Organized Crime 23:2. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-018-9348-5.
- van de Ven, Katinka and Rosa Koenraadt. 2017. “Exploring the Relationship between Online Buyers and Sellers of Image and Performance Enhancing Drugs (Ipeds): Quality Issues, Trust and Self-Regulation.” International Journal of Drug Policy 50:48–55. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.09.004.
- van de Ven, Katinka and Kyle J. Mulrooney. 2017. “Social Suppliers: Exploring the Cultural Contours of the Performance and Image Enhancing Drug (Pied) Market among Bodybuilders in the Netherlands and Belgium.” International Journal of Drug Policy 40:6–15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.07.009.
- van de Ven, Katinka and Kyle J.D. Mulrooney. 2016. In a Bid for the Perfect Profile Pic, Young Men are Increasingly Turning to Steroids. United Kingdom: The Conversation. (https://theconversation.com/in-a-bid-for-the-perfect-profile-pic-young-men-are-increasingly-turning-to-steroids-60874).
- van de Ven, Katinka., Kyle J.D. Mulrooney, and Jim McVeigh. 2019. Human Enhancement Drugs. London: Routledge.
- Vivancos, Roberto, Ibrahim Abubakar, and Paul R. Hunter. 2009. “Sexual Behaviour, Drugs and Alcohol Use of International Students at A British University: A Cross-Sectional Survey.” International Journal of STD & AIDS 20 (9):619–22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008421.
- Vivancos, Roberto, Ibrahim Abubakar, and Paul R. Hunter. 2010b. “Foreign Travel, Casual Sex, and Sexually Transmitted Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 14 (10):e842–51. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.2251.
- World Customs Organization. 2014. The Illicit Trade Report 2014. Brussels: World Customs Organization.
- World Health Organization. 2018, “Substandard and Falsified Medical Products.” Retrieved April 16, 2019 (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/substandard-and-falsified-medical-products)
- Yager, Zali and Jennifer A. O’Dea. 2014. “Relationships between Body Image, Nutritional Supplement Use, and Attitudes Towards Doping in Sport among Adolescent Boys: Implications for Prevention Programs.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 11 (1):13–13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-11-13.
- Yong, Yuk Lin, A. Plançon, Y H. Lau, D M. Hostetler, F M. Fernández, M D. Green, S. Sounvoravong, S. Nara, M. Boravann, T. Dumrong, et al. 2015. “Collaborative Health and Enforcement Operations on the Quality of Antimalarials and Antibiotics in Southeast Asia.” The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 92(6 Suppl):105–12. doi:https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.14-0574.