307
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Exploring the Impact of an Occupational Therapy Program for Former Sex Workers: A Mixed Methods Pilot Study

, , , &

References

  • Aberdein, C., & Zimmerman, C. (2015). Access to mental health and psychosocial services in Cambodia by survivors of trafficking and exploitation: A qualitative study. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 9(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-015-0008-8
  • American Occupational Therapy Association. (2010). Specialized knowledge and skills in mental health promotion, prevention, and intervention in occupational therapy practice. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 64(6), S30–S43. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2010.64S30
  • American Occupational Therapy Association. (2020). Occupational therapy practice framework: Domain and process (4th ed.). American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(Suppl. 2), 7412410010. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.74S2001
  • Avrech Bar, M., & Jarus, T. (2015). The effect of engagement in everyday occupations, role overload and social support on health and life satisfaction among mothers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(6), 6045–6065. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120606045
  • Baron, K., Kielhofner, G., Iyenger, A., Goldhammer, V., & Wolenski, J. (2006). Occupational Self Assessment (OSA) Version 2.2. The Model of Human Occupation Clearinghouse, Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago.
  • Bucholtz, M. (2000). The politics of transcription. Journal of Pragmatics, 32(10), 1439–1465. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(99)00094-6
  • Carver, C. S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol is too long: Consider the brief cope. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(99)00094-6
  • Cecchet, S. J., & Thoburn, J. (2014). The psychological experience of child and adolescent sex trafficking in the United States: Trauma and resilience in survivors. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 6(5), 482–493. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035763
  • Cerny, S. (2016). The role of occupational therapy within the Federal Strategic Action Plan on Services for Victims of Human Trafficking in the United States. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 32(4), 317–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/0164212X.2016.1172998
  • Cerny, S., Maassen, A., & Crook, K. (2019). Occupational therapy intervention for survivors of human trafficking. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 35(3), 287–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/0164212X.2018.1557579
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Decker, J. T., Brown, J. L. C., Ashley, W., & Lipscomb, A. E. (2019). Mindfulness, meditation, and breathing exercises: Reduced anxiety for clients and self-care for social work interns. Social Work with Groups, 42(4), 308–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/01609513.2019.1571763
  • Deshpande, N. A., & Nour, N. M. (2013). Sex trafficking of women and girls. Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 6(1), e22–e27.
  • Dias, C., Cruz, J. F., & Fonseca, A. M. (2012). The relationship between multidimensional competitive anxiety, cognitive threat appraisal, and coping strategies: A multi-sport study. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10(1), 52–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2012.645131
  • Dedoose. (2021). Cloud application for managing, analyzing, and presenting qualitative and mixed method research data (Version 9.0.17). SocioCultural Research Consultants, LLC https://www.dedoose.com/userguide/appendix
  • Dovydaitis, T. (2010). Human trafficking: The role of the health care provider. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 55(5), 462–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmwh.2009.12.017
  • Ecklund, E., Arana, J., Henning, L., Lopez, J., Patel, R., & Varnell, J. (2018). Exploring the role of occupational therapy with women leaving the sex industry.The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 72(4_Supplement_1), 7211515253p1. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2018.72S1-PO4046
  • Fisher, G. S., & Hotchkiss, A. (2008). A model of occupational empowerment for marginalized populations in community environments. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 22(1), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/J003v22n01_05
  • Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 745–774. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141456
  • Fouladvand, S., & Ward, T. (2019). Human trafficking, vulnerability, and the state. The Journal of Criminal Law, 83(1), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022018318814373
  • Frey, L. M., Middleton, J., Gattis, M. N., & Fulginiti, A. (2019). Suicidal ideation and behavior among youth victims of sex trafficking in Kentuckiana. Crisis, 40(4), 240–248. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000557
  • George, E., & Stanley, M. (2019). Exploring the occupational injustices of human trafficking. Journal of Occupational Science, 26(3), 394–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2018.1515104
  • Gerassi, L. (2015). From exploitation to industry: Definitions, risks, and consequences of domestic sexual exploitation and sex work among women and girls. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 25(6), 591–605. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2014.991055
  • Gill, M., & Cordisco Tsai, L. (2020). Building core skills among adult survivors of human trafficking in a workplace setting in the Philippines. International Social Work, 63(4), 538–544. https://doi.org/10.1177/002087281881904
  • Gorman, K. W., & Hatkevich, B. A. (2016). Role of occupational therapy in combating human trafficking. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy: Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, 70(6), 7006360010p1–7006360010p6. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2016.016782
  • Graham, L. M., Macy, R. J., Eckhardt, A., Rizo, C. F., & Jordan, B. L. (2019). Measures for evaluating sex trafficking aftercare and support services: A systematic review and resource compilation. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 47, 117–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2019.04.001
  • Håkansson, C., Wagman, P., & Hagell, P. (2020). Construct validity of a revised version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 27(6), 441–449. https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2019.1660801
  • Hardy, V. L., Compton, K. D., & McPhatter, V. S. (2013). Domestic minor sex trafficking: Practice implications for mental health professionals. Affilia, 28(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109912475172
  • Hegarty, D., & Buchanan, B. (2021, June 25). The Value of NovoPsych Data – New Norms for the Brief-COPE. NovoPsych. https://novopsych.com.au/news/the-value-of-novopsych-data-new-norms-for-the-brief-cope/
  • Hocking, C. (2017). Occupational justice as social justice: The moral claim for inclusion. Journal of Occupational Science, 24(1), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2017.1294016
  • Hodge, D. R. (2008). Sexual trafficking in the United States: A domestic problem with transnational dimensions. Social Work, 53(2), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/53.2.143
  • Hodge, D. R. (2014). Assisting victims of human trafficking: Strategies to facilitate identification, exit from trafficking, and the restoration of wellness. Social Work, 59(2), 111–118. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swu002
  • Hom, K. A., & Woods, S. J. (2013). Trauma and its aftermath for commercially sexually exploited women as told by front-line service providers. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 34(2), 75–81. https://doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2012.723300
  • IBM Corp. (2020). IBM SPSS statistics for Windows (Version 27.0). [Computer software]. IBM Corp.
  • Ikiugu, M. N., Lucas Molitor, W., & Feldhacker, D. R. (2022). The feasibility of interventions based on meaningful and psychologically rewarding occupations in improving health and well-being. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 38(3), 258–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/0164212X.2022.2042454
  • Ikiugu, M. N., Lucas-Molitor, W., Feldhacker, D., Gebhart, C., Spier, M., Kapels, L., Arnold, R., & Gaikowski, R. (2019). Guidelines for occupational therapy interventions based on meaningful and psychologically rewarding occupations. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(7), 2027–2053. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-0030-z
  • Jones, E. A., Mitra, A. K., & Bhuiyan, A. R. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on mental health in adolescents: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2470. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052470
  • Kennedy-Behr, A., & Hatchett, M. (2017). Wellbeing and engagement in occupation for people with Parkinson’s disease. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 80(12), 745–751. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308022617728645
  • Kielhofner, G., Forsyth, K., Kramer, J., & Iyenger, A. (2009). Developing the Occupational Self Assessment: The use of Rasch analysis to assure internal validity, sensitivity and reliability. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 72(3), 94–104. https://doi.org/10.1177/03080226090720030
  • Kirsh, B., Martin, L., Hultqvist, J., & Eklund, M. (2019). Occupational therapy interventions in mental health: A literature review in search of evidence. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 35(2), 109–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/0164212X.2019.1588832
  • Kiss, L., Pocock, N. S., Naisanguansri, V., Suos, S., Dickson, B., Thuy, D., Koehler, J., Sirisup, K., Pongrungsee, N., Nguyen, V. A., Borland, R., Dhavan, P., & Zimmerman, C. (2015). Health of men, women, and children in post-trafficking services in Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam: An observational cross-sectional study. The Lancet Global Health, 3(3), e154–e161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(15)70016-1
  • Kometiani, M. K., & Farmer, K. W. (2020). Exploring resilience through case studies of art therapy with sex trafficking survivors and their advocates. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 67, 101582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2019.101582
  • Koken, J. A. (2012). Independent female escort’s strategies for coping with sex work related stigma. Sexuality & Culture, 16(3), 209–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-011-9120-3
  • Lake, J. (2014). A review of select CAM modalities for the prevention and treatment of PTSD. Psychiatric Times, 31(7), 29–29.
  • Lamb-Susca, L., & Clements, P. T. (2018). Intersection of human trafficking and the emergency department. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 44(6), 563–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2018.06.001
  • Levine, J. A. (2017). Mental health issues in survivors of sex trafficking. Cogent Medicine, 4(1), 1278841. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2017.1278841
  • Lewis-O’Connor, A., & Alpert, E. J. (2017). Caring for survivors using a trauma-informed care framework. In M. Chisolm-Straker & H. Stoklosa (Eds.), Human trafficking is a public health issue (pp. 309–323). Springer International Publishing.
  • Lexén, A., Kåhlin, I., Erlandsson, L. K., & Håkansson, C. (2020). Occupational health among Swedish occupational therapists: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10), Article 3379. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103379
  • Logan, T. K., Walker, R., & Hunt, G. (2009). Understanding human trafficking in the United States. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 10(1), 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838008327262
  • Macy, R. J., & Johns, N. (2011). Aftercare services for international sex trafficking survivors: Informing US service and program development in an emerging practice area. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 12(2), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838010390709
  • Mangum, S. W., Doucet, B. M., Blanchard, M., & Alig, K. (2019). Survivors of sex trafficking: Occupation-based intervention for executive functioning. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 35(3), 300–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/0164212X.2019.1627270
  • Mernar, T. (2006). Occupation, stress, and biomarkers: Measuring the impact of occupational injustice. Journal of Occupational Science, 13(2-3), 209–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2006.9726517
  • Middleton, J. S., Gattis, M. N., Frey, L. M., & Roe-Sepowitz, D. (2018). Youth experiences survey (YES): Exploring the scope and complexity of sex trafficking in a sample of youth experiencing homelessness. Journal of Social Service Research, 44(2), 141–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2018.1428924
  • Murad, M. S., Farnworth, L., & O’Brien, L. (2012). Psychometric properties of occupational self-assessment for injured workers with musculoskeletal disorders. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 42, 507–517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.217
  • National Human Trafficking Hotline. (2019). Hotline statistics. https://humantraffickinghotline.org/states.
  • National Human Trafficking Hotline. (2021). National statistics. https://humantraffickinghotline.org/en/statistics
  • Pascual-Leone, A., Kim, J., & Morrison, O. P. (2017). Working with victims of human trafficking. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 47(1), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-016-9338-3
  • Pichère, P., & Cadiat, A.-C. (2015). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Lemaitre.
  • Poulus, D., Coulter, T. J., Trotter, M. G., & Polman, R. (2020). Stress and coping in esports and the influence of mental toughness. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 628. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00628
  • Rajaram, S. S., & Tidball, S. (2018). Survivors’ voices—Complex needs of sex trafficking survivors in the Midwest. Behavioral Medicine (Washington, D.C.), 44(3), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2017.1399101
  • Ravi, A., Pfeiffer, M. R., Rosner, Z., & Shea, J. A. (2017). Identifying health experiences of domestically sex-trafficked women in the USA: A qualitative study in Rikers Island jail. Journal of Urban Health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 94(3), 408–416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-016-0128-8
  • Richie-Zavaleta, A. C., Villanueva, A., Martinez-Donate, A., Turchi, R. M., Ataiants, J., & Rhodes, S. M. (2020). Sex trafficking victims at their junction with the healthcare setting—A mixed-methods inquiry. Journal of Human Trafficking, 6(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2018.1501257
  • Rimal, R., & Papadopoulos, C. (2016). The mental health of sexually trafficked female survivors in Nepal. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 62(5), 487–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764016651457
  • Rogers, C. M., Mallinson, T., & Peppers, D. (2014). High-intensity sports for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression: Feasibility study of ocean therapy with veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy: Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, 68(4), 395–404. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2014.011221
  • Rothman, E. F., Preis, S. R., Bright, K., Paruk, J., Bair-Merritt, M., & Farrell, A. (2020). A longitudinal evaluation of a survivor-mentor program for child survivors of sex trafficking in the United States. Child Abuse & Neglect, 100, 104083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104083
  • Schell, L. K., Monsef, I., Wöckel, A., & Skoetz, N. (2019). Mindfulness‐based stress reduction for women diagnosed with breast cancer. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3(3), CD011518. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011518.pub2
  • Shandro, J., Chisolm-Straker, M., Duber, H. C., Findlay, S. L., Munoz, J., Schmitz, G., Stanzer, M., Stoklosa, H., Wiener, D. E., & Wingkun, N. (2016). Human trafficking: A guide to identification and approach for the emergency physician. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 68(4), 501–508.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.03.049
  • Shareck, M., Buhariwala, P., Hassan, M., & O’Campo, P. (2020). Helping women transition out of sex work: Study protocol of a mixed-methods process and outcome evaluation of a sex work exiting program. BMC Women’s Health, 20(1), 227. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-020-01086-3
  • Stoffel, V. (2015). Engagement, exploration, empowerment. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy: Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, 69(6), 6906140010p1–6906140010p8. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2015.696002
  • Strohmaier, S., Jones, F. W., & Cane, J. E. (2021). Effects of length of mindfulness practice on mindfulness, depression, anxiety, and stress: A randomized controlled experiment. Mindfulness, 12(1), 198–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01512-5
  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2014). SAMHSA’s Concept of Trauma and Guidance for a Trauma-Informed Care Approach. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma14-4884.pdf
  • Sukach, T., Gonzalez, N., & Cravens Pickens, J. (2018). Experiences of female sex trafficking survivors: A phenomenological analysis. The Qualitative Report, 23(6), 1422–1440. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2018.3242
  • Sweeney, L. A., & FitzGerald, S. (2017). A case for health promotion framework: the psychosocial experience of female, migrant sex workers in Ireland. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 13(4), 419–431. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMHSC-04-2016-0017
  • Sweeney, L. A., Sixsmith, J., & Molcho, M. (2019). Giving voice to women in the sex industry: A voice-centred relational model based qualitative study. Journal of Social Care, 2(1), Article 4.
  • Tahara, M., Mashizume, Y., & Takahashi, K. (2021). Coping mechanisms: Exploring strategies utilized by Japanese healthcare workers to reduce stress and improve mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 131. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010131
  • Taylor, R. R. (2017). The interaction between the person and the environment. In J.C. O’Brien & G. Kielhofner (Eds.), Kielhofner’s model of human occupation: Theory and application (5th ed., pp. 24–37). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
  • The United States Department of Justice. (2018). Human trafficking. https://www.justice.gov/humantrafficking.
  • Tobin, M. F., & Taff, S. D. (2020). Self-reported stress and coping strategies of occupational therapy faculty employed at or graduated from a large midwestern United States university. Health Professions Education, 6(3), 406–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2020.05.006
  • Torchalla, I., Killoran, J., Fisher, D., & Bahen, M. (2019). Trauma-focused treatment for individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder: The role of occupational therapy. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 35(4), 386–406. https://doi.org/10.1080/0164212X.2018.1510800
  • Townsend, E., & Wilcock, A. (2004). Occupational justice and client-centred practice: A dialogue in progress. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy. Revue Canadienne D’ergotherapie, 71(2), 75–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/000841740407100203
  • Treleaven, D. A. (2018). Trauma-sensitive mindfulness: Practices for safe and transformative healing. W.W. Norton & Company.
  • United Nations. (2000). Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons especially women and children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/ProtocolTraffickingInPersons.aspx
  • United Nations. (2017, July). Glossary on sexual exploitation and abuse: Thematic glossary of current terminology related to sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) in the context of the United Nations (2nd ed.). https://hr.un.org/sites/hr.un.org/files/SEA%20Glossary%20%20%5BSecond%20Edition%20-%202017%5D%20-%20English_0.pdf
  • Verhoeven, M., Van Gestel, B., De Jong, D., & Kleemans, E. (2015). Relationships between suspects and victims of sex trafficking. Exploitation of prostitutes and domestic violence parallels in Dutch trafficking cases. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 21(1), 49–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-013-9226-2
  • Wagman, P., & Håkansson, C. (2014). Introducing the occupational balance questionnaire (OBQ). Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 21(3), 227–231. https://doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2014.900571
  • Warner, E., Koomar, J., Lary, B., & Cook, A. (2013). Can the body change the score? Application of sensory modulation principles in the treatment of traumatized adolescents in residential settings. Journal of Family Violence, 28(7), 729–738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-013-9535-8
  • Wilcock, A. A. (2006). An occupational perspective of health (2nd ed.). Slack Incorporated.
  • Wilcox, J., & Frank, E. (2021). Occupational therapy for the long haul of post-COVID syndrome: A case report. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy: Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, 75(Supplement_1), 7511210060p1–7511210060p7. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2021.049223
  • Williamson, C., & Prior, M. (2009). Domestic minor sex trafficking: A network of underground players in the Midwest. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 2(1), 46–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361520802702191
  • Yazdani, F., Harb, A., Rassafiani, M., Nobakht, L., & Yazdani, N. (2018). Occupational therapists’ perception of the concept of occupational balance. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 25(4), 288–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2017.1325934
  • Yu, Y., Manku, M., & Backman, C. L. (2018). Measuring occupational balance and its relationship to perceived stress and health: Mesurer l’équilibre occupationnel et sa relation avec le stress perçus et la santé. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy. Revue Canadienne D’ergotherapie, 85(2), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008417417734355
  • Yusoff, N., Low, W. Y., & Yip, C. H. (2010). Reliability and validity of the Brief COPE Scale (English version) among women with breast cancer undergoing treatment of adjuvant chemotherapy: A Malaysian study. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 65(1), 41–44.
  • Zimmerman, C., Hossain, M., & Watts, C. (2011). Human trafficking and health: A conceptual model to inform policy, intervention and research. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 73(2), 327–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.028

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.