Body image, personality profiles and alexithymia in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

References

• Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R, et al. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:2745–2749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barber TM, Franks S. The link between polycystic ovary syndrome and both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: what do we know today? Women’s Health (Lond). 2012;8:147–154.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Himelein MJ, Thatcher SS. Polycystic ovary syndrome and mental health: a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2006;61:723–732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirmans SM, Pate KA. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clinic Epidem. 2013;6:1–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zawadzki JK, Dunaif A. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach. In Dunaif A, Givens JR, Haseltine FP, Merriam GR, editors. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Boston (MA): Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1992. p. 377–384.
   Google Scholar
• The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2004;81:19–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• March WA, Moore VM, Willson KJ. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a community sample assessed under contrasting diagnostic criteria. Hum Reprod. 2010;25:544–551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitzinger C, Willmott J. The thief of womanhood: women’s experience of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Soc Sci Med. 2002;54:349–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasiri-Amiri F, Ramezani Tehrani F, Simbar M, et al. Health-related quality of life questionnaire for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOSQ-50): development and psychometric properties. Qual Life Res. 2016;25:1791–1801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder BS. The lived experience of women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2006;35:385–392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasgon NL, Rao RC, Hwang S, et al. Depression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: clinical and biochemical correlates. J Affect Disord. 2003;74:299–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong K, Theodoru E, Ledger W. Long-term consequence of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Curr Obstet Gynaecol. 2006;16:333–336.
   Google Scholar
• Thomson RL, Buckley JD, Lim SS, et al. Lifestyle management improves quality of life and depression in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2010;94:1812–1816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumesic D, Lobo R. Cancer risk and PCOS. Steroids. 2013;78:782–785.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon CG. The epidemiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. Prevalence and associated disease risks. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1999;28:247–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathur R, Ko A, Hwang LJ, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with an increased prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55:1085–1089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kachuei M, Jafari F, Kachuei A, et al. Prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012;285:853–856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha U, Sinharay K, Saha S, et al. Thyroid disorders in polycystic ovarian syndrome subjects: a tertiary hospital based cross-sectional study from Eastern India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;17:304–309.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wild RA, Carmina E, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, et al. Assessment of cardiovascular risk and prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AEPCOS) society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:2038–2049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmina E, Lobo RA. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): arguably the most common endocrinopathy is associated with significant morbidity in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:1897–1899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ACOG. American congress of obstetricians and gynecologists. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). 2011. Available from: http://www.acog.org/∼/media/For%20Patients/faq121.pdf?dmc=1&ts=20130808T2106235234
   Google Scholar
• Kahsar-Miller M, Nixon C, Boots LR, et al. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in first-degree relatives of patients with PCOS. Fertil Steril. 2001;75:53–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood JR, Ho CK, Nelson-Degrave VL, et al. The molecular signature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) theca cells defined by gene expression profiling. J Reprod Immunol. 2004;63:51–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Himelein MJ, Thatcher SS. Depression and body image among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Health Psychol. 2006;11:613–625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerchner A, Lester W, Stuart SP, et al. Risk of depression and other mental health disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a longitudinal study. Fertil Steril. 2009;91:207–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayyah-Melli M, Alizadeh M, Pourafkary N, et al. Psychosocial factors associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: a case control study. J Caring Sci. 2015;4:225–231.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bazarganipour F, Ziaei S, Montazeri A, et al. Psychological investigation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2013;11:141–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson S, Arck P, Tan S, et al. Disturbed stress responses in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009;34:727–735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson S, Hahn S, Tan S, et al. Prevalence and implications of anxiety in polycystic ovary syndrome: results of an internet-based survey in Germany. Hum Reprod. 2009;24:1446–1451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deeks A, Gibson-Helm M, Teede H. Anxiety and depression in polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive investigation. Fertil Steril. 2010;93:2421–2423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cipkala-Gaffin J, Talbott E, Song M, et al. Associates between psychological symptoms and life satisfaction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Women’s Health. 2012;21:179–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner CL, Primeau M, Ehrmann DA. Androgens and mood dysfunction in women: comparison of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome to healthy controls. Psychosom Med. 2004;66:356–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams S, Sheffield D, Knibb RC. ‘Everything’s from the inside out with PCOS’: exploring women’s experiences of living with polycystic ovary syndrome and co-morbidities through Skype™ interviews. Health Psychol Open. 2015;2(2):2055102915603051.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laggari V, Diareme S, Christogiorgos S, et al. Anxiety and depression in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2009;30:83–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klipstein KG, Goldberg JF. Screening for bipolar disorder in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study. J Affect Disord. 2006;91:205–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rassi A, Veras AB, dos Reis M, et al. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Compr Psychiatry. 2010;51:599–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart R, Doherty D. The potential implications of a PCOS diagnosis on a woman’s long-term health using data linkage. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100:911–919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry JA, Hardiman PJ, Saxby BK, et al. Testosterone and mood dysfunction in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome compared to subfertile controls. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;32:104–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran L, Gibson-Helm M, Teede H, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome: a biopsychosocial understanding in young women to improve knowledge and treatment options. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2010;31:24–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adali E, Yildizhan R, Kurdoglu M, et al. The relationship between clinico-biochemical characteristics and psychiatric distress in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Int Med Res. 2008;36:1188–1196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn S, Janssen OE, Tan S, et al. Clinical and psychological correlates of quality-of-life in polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2005;153:853–860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekbäck M, Wijma K, Benzein E. “It is always on my mind”: women’s experiences of their bodies when living with hirsutism. Health Care Women Int. 2009;30:358–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Younesi SJ, Salagegheh A. Body image in fertile and infertile women. J Reprod Infertil. 2001;2:14–21.
   Google Scholar
• Scaruffi E, Gambineri A, Cattaneo S, et al. Personality and psychiatric disorders in women affected by polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol. 2014;5:1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozcan Dag Z, Oguzturk O, Isik Y, et al. Personality profile in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2015;31:540–542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh CA, Berent-Spillson A, Love T, et al. Functional neuroimaging of emotional processing in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a case-control pilot study. Fertil Steril. 2013;100:200–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franzoi IG, Civilotti C, Scaruffi E, et al. Emotion regulation, attachment style and quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Unpublished manuscript.
   Google Scholar
• Roldan B, San Millian JL, Escobar-Morreale HF. Genetic basis of metabolic abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Pharmacogenomics. 2004;4:93–107.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bagby RM, Parker JDA, Taylor GJ. The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale-I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. J Psychosom Res. 1994;38:23–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagby RM, Parker JDA, Taylor GJ. The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale-II: convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. J Psychosom Res. 1994;38:33–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuzzolaro M, Vetrone G, Marano G, et al. The body uneasiness test (BUT): development and validation of a new body image assessment scale. Eat Weight Disord. 2006;11:1–13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hathaway SR, McKinley JC. MMPI-2. Manual for administration and scoring. Minneapolis (MN): University of Minnesota Press; 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Sirigatti S, Stefanile E. MMPI-2: aggiornamento all’adattamento Italiano. [MMPI-2: updating to Italian adaptation]. Firenze, Italy: Giunti OS Organizzazioni Speciali; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Trent M, Austin SB, Rich M, et al. Overweight status of adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: body mass index as mediator of quality of life. Ambul Pediatr. 2005;5:107–111.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elsenbruch S, Benson S, Hahn S, et al. Determinants of emotional distress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2006;21:1092–1099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Niet JE, de Koning CM, Pastoor H, et al. Psychological well-being and sexarche in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2010;25:1497–1503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekbäck MP, Lindberg M, Benzein E, et al. Health-related quality of life, depression and anxiety correlate with the degree of hirsutism. Dermatology (Basel). 2013;227:278–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annagur BB, Tazegul A, Uguz F, et al. Biological correlates of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Psychosom Res. 2013;74:244–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beard JR, Tracy M, Vlahov D, et al. Trajectory and socioeconomic predictors of depression in a prospective study of residents of New York City. Ann Epidemiol. 2008;18:235–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rofey DL, Szigethy EM, Noll RB, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for physical and emotional disturbances in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study. J Pediatr Psychol. 2008;34:156–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbasio CP, Vagelli R, Marengo D, et al. Illness perception in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients: the roles of alexithymia and depression. Compr Psychiatry. 2015;63:88–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tackett K. Psychological trauma and physical health: a psychoneuroimmunology approach to etiology of negative health effects and possible interventions. Psychol Trauma. 2009;1:35–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbasio CP, Granieri A. Emotion regulation and mental representation of attachment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a study using the adult attachment interview. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2013;201:304–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giovannelli L, Barbasio CP, Burroni AG, et al. Alexithymia, dissociation, and trauma in patients with chronic skin conditions. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2016;151:347–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borghi L, Leone D, Vegni E, et al. Psychological distress, anger and quality of life in polycystic ovary syndrome: associations with biochemical, phenotypical and socio-demographic factors. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;39:128–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willmott J. The experiences of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Feminism Psychol. 2000;10:107–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady C, Shaymaa M, Mousa S. Polycystic ovary syndrome and its impact on women’s quality of life: more than just an endocrine disorder. Drug, Healthc Patient Saf. 2009;1:9–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Malik-Aslam A, Reaney MD, Speight J. The suitability of polycystic ovary syndrome-specific questionnaires for measuring the impact of PCOS on quality of life in clinical trials. Value Health. 2010;13:440–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsenbruch S, Hahn S, Kowalsky D, et al. Quality of life, psychosocial well-being, and sexual satisfaction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:5801–5807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coifman KG, Ross GS, Kleinert D, et al. Negative affect differentiation and adherence during treatment for thalassemia. Int J Behav Med. 2014;21:160–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granieri A. Community exposure to asbestos in Casale Monferrato: from research on psychological impact to a community needs-centered healthcare organization. Ann Ist Super Sanità. 2015;51:336–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granieri A. State of the art and future perspectives for the integrated work in contaminated sites: the Casale Monferrato model. Ann Ist Super Sanità. 2018;54:137–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simoens S, Dunselman G, Dirksen C, et al. The burden of endometriosis: costs and quality of life of women with endometriosis and treated in referral centres. Hum Reprod. 2012;27:1292–1299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar