Radiological analysis of orbital lymphoma histological subtypes

References

• McKelvie PA. Ocular adnexal lymphomas: a review. Adv Anat Pathol. 2010;17(4):251–261. doi:10.1097/PAP.0b013e3181e4abdb.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen TG, Holm F, Mikkelsen LH, Rasmussen PK, Coupland SE, Esmaeli B, et al. Orbital lymphoma-an international multicenter retrospective study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;199:44–57. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2018.11.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirci H, Shields CL, Karatza EC, Shields JA. Orbital lymphoproliferative tumors: analysis of clinical features and systemic involvement in 160 cases. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(9):1626–31, 31.e1-3. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.02.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coupland SE, Hummel M, Stein H. Ocular adnexal lymphomas: five case presentations and a review of the literature. Surv Ophthalmol. 2002;47(5):470–490. doi:10.1016/S0039-6257(02)00337-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akansel G, Hendrix L, Erickson BA, Demirci A, Papke A, Arslan A, et al. MRI patterns in orbital malignant lymphoma and atypical lymphocytic infiltrates. Eur J Radiol. 2005;53(2):175–181. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2004.04.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chisin R, Weber AL. Imaging of lymphoma manifestations in the extracranial head and neck region. Leuk Lymphoma. 1994;12(3–4):177–189. doi:10.3109/10428199409059588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cytryn AS, Putterman AM, Schneck GL, Beckman E, Valvassori GE. Predictability of magnetic resonance imaging in differentiation of orbital lymphoma from orbital inflammatory syndrome. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;13(2):129–134. doi:10.1097/00002341-199706000-00007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flanders AE, Espinosa GA, Markiewicz DA, Howell DD. Orbital lymphoma. Role of CT and MRI. Radiol Clin North Am. 1987;25:601–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gufler H, Laubenberger J, Gerling J, Nesbitt E, Kommerell G, Langer M. MRI of lymphomas of the orbits and the paranasal sinuses. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1997;21(6):887–891. doi:10.1097/00004728-199711000-00007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosono M, Kobayashi H, Kotoura Y, Tsuboyama T, Tsutsui K, Konishi J. Involvement of muscle by malignant lymphoma: MR and CT appearances. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1995;19(3):455–459. doi:10.1097/00004728-199505000-00021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan TT, Colon-Acevedo B, Mettu P, DeLorenzi C, Woodward JA. An anatomical analysis of the supratrochlear artery: considerations in facial filler injections and preventing vision loss. Aesthet Surg J. 2017;37(2):203–208. doi:10.1093/asj/sjw132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan SN, Sepahdari AR. Orbital masses: CT and MRI of common vascular lesions, benign tumors, and malignancies. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2012;26(4):373–383. doi:10.1016/j.sjopt.2012.08.001.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Politi LS, Forghani R, Godi C, Resti AG, Ponzoni M, Bianchi S, et al. Ocular adnexal lymphoma: diffusion-weighted mr imaging for differential diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Radiology. 2010;256(2):565–574. doi:10.1148/radiol.10100086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priego G, Majos C, Climent F, Muntane A. Orbital lymphoma: imaging features and differential diagnosis. Insights Imaging. 2012;3(4):337–344. doi:10.1007/s13244-012-0156-1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sanyal S, Prasad K, Upreti L, Garga UC. Spectrum of radiological manifestations in lymphoproliferative malignancies with unusual extra nodal soft tissue involvement. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10:TR01–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Valvassori GE, Sabnis SS, Mafee RF, Brown MS, Putterman A. Imaging of orbital lymphoproliferative disorders. Radiol Clin North Am. 1999;37(1):135–50, x–xi. doi:10.1016/S0033-8389(05)70083-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber AL, Dallow RL, Oot RF. Computed tomography of lymphoproliferative disease of the orbit. Report of 50 patients. Acta Radiol Suppl. 1986;369:333–336.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weber AL, Jakobiec FA, Sabates NR. Lymphoproliferative disease of the orbit. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 1996;6:93–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sepahdari AR, Politi LS, Aakalu VK, Kim HJ, Razek AA. Diffusion-weighted imaging of orbital masses: multi-institutional data support a 2-ADC threshold model to categorize lesions as benign, malignant, or indeterminate. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2014;35(1):170–175. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A3619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sepahdari AR, Aakalu VK, Setabutr P, Shiehmorteza M, Naheedy JH, Mafee MF. Indeterminate orbital masses: restricted diffusion at MR imaging with echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging predicts malignancy. Radiology. 2010;256(2):554–564. doi:10.1148/radiol.10091956.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapur R, Sepahdari AR, Mafee MF, Putterman AM, Aakalu V, Wendel LJ, et al. MR imaging of orbital inflammatory syndrome, orbital cellulitis, and orbital lymphoid lesions: the role of diffusion-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30(1):64–70. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A1315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matasar MJ, Zelenetz AD. Overview of lymphoma diagnosis and management. Radiol Clin North Am. 2008;46(2):175–98, vii. doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2008.03.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Good DJ, Gascoyne RD. Classification of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2008;22(5):781–805, vii. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2008.07.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan TJ, Valenzuela AA. Imaging features of ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disease. Eye (Lond). 2006;20(10):1189–1195. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6702382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polito E, Galieni P, Leccisotti A. Clinical and radiological presentation of 95 orbital lymphoid tumors. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1996;234(8):504–509. doi:10.1007/BF00184859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerbino G, Boffano P, Benech R, Baietto F, Gallesio C, Arcuri F, et al. Orbital lymphomas: clinical and radiological features. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2014;42(5):508–512. doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2013.07.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fung CY, Tarbell NJ, Lucarelli MJ, Goldberg SI, Linggood RM, Harris NL, et al. Ocular adnexal lymphoma: clinical behavior of distinct World Health Organization classification subtypes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;57(5):1382–1391. doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(03)00767-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westacott S, Garner A, Moseley IF, Wright JE. Orbital lymphoma versus reactive lymphoid hyperplasia: an analysis of the use of computed tomography in differential diagnosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1991;75(12):722–725. doi:10.1136/bjo.75.12.722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeo JH, Jakobiec FA, Abbott GF, Trokel SL. Combined clinical and computed tomographic diagnosis of orbital lymphoid tumors. Am J Ophthalmol. 1982;94(2):235–245. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(82)90081-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen TG, Heegaard S. Orbital lymphoma. Surv Ophthalmol. 2019;64:45–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie CM, Liu XW, Mo YX, Li H, Geng ZJ, Zheng L, et al. Primary nasopharyngeal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: imaging patterns on MR imaging. Clin Imaging. 2013;37(3):458–464. doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2012.07.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandner A, Surov A, Bach AG, Kösling S. Primary extranodal Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the orbital and paranasal region-a retrospective study. Eur J Radiol. 2013;82(2):302–308. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2012.03.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stacy RC, Jakobiec FA, Herwig MC, Schoenfield L, Singh A, Grossniklaus HE. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the orbit: clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and prognostic features of 20 cases. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;154(1):87–98.e1. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2012.01.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aiken AH, Glastonbury C. Imaging Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the head and neck. Radiol Clin North Am. 2008;46(2):363–78, ix–x. doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2008.03.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasumoto M, Taura S, Shibuya H, Honda M. Primary malignant lymphoma of the maxillary sinus: CT and MRI. Neuroradiology. 2000;42(4):285–289. doi:10.1007/s002340050887.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tataroglu C, Sarioglu S, Kargi A, Ozkal S, Aydin O. Fibrosis in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Pathol Res Pract. 2007;203(10):725–730. doi:10.1016/j.prp.2007.07.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins LM, Carter KD, Nerad JA. Ocular adnexal lymphoma of the extraocular muscles: case series from the University of Iowa and review of the literature. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;27:471–476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornblass A, Jakobiec FA, Reifler DM, Mines J. Orbital lymphoid tumors located predominantly within extraocular muscles. Ophthalmology. 1987;94(6):688–697. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(87)33393-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eade EL, Hardy TG, McKelvie PA, McNab AA. Clinicopathological features and outcomes in lymphoma of extraocular muscles. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;35(6):615–618. doi:10.1097/IOP.0000000000001426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mombaerts I, Tousseyn T, Van Limbergen E, Demaerel P. Clinically recognizing enlarged extraocular muscles from lymphoid origin. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(1):217–218. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.08.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar