Effects of Theranekron and alpha-lipoic acid combined treatment on GAP-43 and Krox-20 gene expressions and inflammation markers in peripheral nerve injury

References

• Daly W, Yao L, Zeugolis D, Windebank A, Pandit A. Biomaterials approach to peripheral nerve regeneration: bridging the peripheral nerve gap and enhancing functional recovery. J R Soc Interface. 2012;9:202–221. doi:10.1098/rsif.2011.0438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seddighi A, Nikouei A, Seddighi A, et al. Peripheral nerve injury: a review article. ICNSJ. 2016;3:1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Grinsell D, Keating CP. Peripheral nerve reconstruction after injury: a review of clinical and experimental therapies. Biomed Res Int. 2014;698256. doi:10.1155/2014/698256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnett MG, Zager EL. Pathophysiology of peripheral nerve injury: a brief review. Neurosurg Focus. 2004;16(5):1–7. doi:10.3171/foc.2004.16.5.2.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson LR. Traumatic injury to peripheral nerves. Muscle Nerve. 2000;23:863–873. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(200006)23:6<863::AID-MUS4>3.0.CO;2-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins RS, Bastos D, Siqueira MG, Heise CO, Teixeira MJ. Traumatic injuries of peripheral nerves: a review with emphasis on surgical indication. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2013;71(10):811–814. doi:10.1590/0004-282X20130127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagnotta A, Tos P, Fornaro M, Gigante A, Geuna S, Battiston B. Neurotrophins and their receptors in early axonal regeneration along muscle-vein-combined grafts. Microsurgery. 2002;22:300–303. doi:10.1002/micr.10053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendonca AC, Barbieri HC, Mazzer N. Directly applied low intensity direct electric current enhances peripheral nerve regeneration in rats. J Neurosci Methods. 2003;129:183–190. doi:10.1016/S0165-0270(03)00207-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carriel V, Garzón I, Campos A, Cornelissen M, Alaminos M. Differential expression of GAP-43 and neurofilament during peripheral nerve regeneration through bio-artificial conduits. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2017;11:553–563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Z, Jin YQ, Chen L, et al. Specific marker expression and cell state of Schwann cells during culture in vitro. Plos One. 2015;10:4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu SY, Gordon T. The cellular and molecular basis of peripheral nerve regeneration. Mol Neurobiol. 1997;14:67–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy P, Topilko P, Maunoury SS, Seitanidou T, Evercooren ABV, Charnay P. The regulation of Krox-20 expression reveals important steps in the control of peripheral glial cell development. Development. 1996;122:2847–2857. doi:10.1242/dev.122.9.2847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Profyris C, Cheema SS, Zang D, et al. Degenerative and regenerative mechanisms governing SCI. Neurobiol Dis. 2004;15:415–436. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2003.11.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hausmann ON. Post-traumatic inflammation following spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2003;41:369–378. doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu SP, Wang ZG, Zhao YZ, et al. Gelatin nanostructured lipid carriers incorporating nerve growth factor inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress induced apoptosis and improve recovery in spinal cord injury. Mol Neurobiol. 2015;53(7):4375–4386. doi:10.1007/s12035-015-9372-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sardari K, Kakhki EG, Mohri M. Evaluation of wound contraction and epithelialization after subcutaneous administration of Theranekron in cows. Comp Clin Pathol. 2007;16:197–200. doi:10.1007/s00580-006-0657-8.
   Google Scholar
• Gültiken N, Vural MR. The effect of tarantula cubensis extract applied in pre and postoperative period of canine mammary tumours. JIVS. 2007;2:13–23.
   Google Scholar
• Mitsui Y, Schmelzer JD, Zollman PJ, Mitsui M, Tritschler HJ, Low PA. Alphalipoic acid provides neuroprotection from ischemia-reperfusion injury of peripheral nerve. J Neurol Sci. 1999;163:11–16. doi:10.1016/S0022-510X(99)00017-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senoglu M, Nacitarhan V, Kurutas EB, et al. Intraperitoneal alpha-lipoic acid to prevent neural damage after crush injury to the rat sciatic nerve. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj. 2009;4:22. doi:10.1186/1749-7221-4-22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kocaoglu S, Aktas O, Zengi O, Tufan A, Guzey F. Effects of alpha lipoic acid on motor function and antioxidant enzyme activity of nerve tissue after sciatic nerve crush injury in rats. Turk Neurosurg. 2017. doi:10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.18585-16.1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sencar L, Güven M, Şaker D, Sapmaz T, Tuli A, Polat S. Ultrastructural effects of nerve growth factor and betamethasone on nerve regeneration after experimental nerve injury. Ultrastruct Pathol. 2020;44(4–6):436–449. doi:10.1080/01913123.2020.1850965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Yang R, Li H, Lao J. Green tea polyphenols promote functional recovery from peripheral nerve injury in rats. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e923806. doi:10.12659/MSM.923806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atanassova N, Koeva Y, Bakalska M, Pavlova E, Nikolov B, Davidoff M. Loss and recovery of androgen receptor protein expression in the adult rat testis following androgen withdrawal by ethane dimethanesulfonate. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2006;44:81–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukhatyar V, Karumbaiah L, Yeh J, Bellamkonda R. Tissue engineering strategies designed to realize the endogenous regenerative potential of peripheral nerves. Adv Mat. 2009;21:4670–4679.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siemionow M, Brzezicki G. Current techniques and concepts in peripheral nerve repair. In Int Rev Neurobiol. 2009;87:141–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siemionow M, Bozkurt M, Zor F. Regeneration and repair of peripheral nerves with different biomaterials: review. Microsurgery. 2010;30:574–588. doi:10.1002/micr.20799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Packer L, Wıtt EH, Trıtschler HJ. Alpha-lipoic acid as a biological antioxidant. Free Radic Biol Med. 1995;19(2):227–250. doi:10.1016/0891-5849(95)00017-R.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satar NY, Cangül IT, Topal A, Kurt H, Ipek V, Onel GI. The effects of Tarantula cubensis venom on open wound healing in rats. J Wound Care. 2017;26(2):66–71. doi:10.12968/jowc.2017.26.2.66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demir R, Yayla M, Akpinar E, et al. Protective effects of alpha-lipoic acid on experimental sciatic nerve crush injury in rats: assessed with functional, molecular and electromicroscopic analyses. Int J Neurosci. 2014;124(12):935–943. doi:10.3109/00207454.2014.902375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron NE, Cotter MA, Horrobin DH, Tritschler HJ. Ef- fects of alpha-lipoic acid on neurovascular function in dia- betic rats: interaction with essential fatty acids. Diabetologia. 1998;41(4):390–399. doi:10.1007/s001250050921.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panigrahi M, Sadguna Y, Shivakumar BR, et al. alpha-Lipoic acid protects against reperfusion injury following cerebral is- chemia in rats. Brain Res. 1996;717(1–2):184–188. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(96)00009-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranieri M, Sciuscio M, Cortese A, et al. Possible role of alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj. 2010;5:15–19. doi:10.1186/1749-7221-5-15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ranieri M, Sciuscio M, Cortese AM, et al. The use of alpha- lipoic acid (ALA), gamma linolenic acid (GLA) and reha- bilitation in the treatment of back pain: effect on health- related quality of life. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2009;22(3):45–50. doi:10.1177/03946320090220S309.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stevens MJ, Obrosova I, Cao X, Huysen CV, Greene DA. Effects of DL-α- lipoic acid on peripheral nerve conduction, blood flow, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes. 2000;49:1006–1015. doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.6.1006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao AJ, Yang JH, Mou PL, Wang J. Effect of α-lipoic acid combined with nerve growth factor on bone metabolism, oxidative stress and nerve conduction function after femoral fracture surgery. J Hainan Med Univ. 2017; 23(21):72–78.
   Google Scholar
• Er A, Corum O, Corum D, Hitit M, Donmez H, Guzeloglu A. Alcoholic extract of Tarantula cubensis induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cell line. Biomed Res. 2017;28:3660–3665.
   Google Scholar
• Karabacak M, Eraslan G, Kanbur M, Sarıca ZS. Effects of Tarantula cubensis D6 on aflatoxin-induced injury in biochemical parameters in rats. Homeopathy. 2015;104:205–210. doi:10.1016/j.homp.2015.02.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan SM, Rothwell NJ. Cytokines and acute neurodegeneration. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001;2:734–744. doi:10.1038/35094583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kizilay Z, Aktas S, Cetin Kahraman N, Kilic MA, Ozturk H. Effect of tarantula cubensis extract (Theranekron) on peripheral nerve healing in an experimental sciatic nerve injury model in rats. Turk Neurosurg. 2019;29(5):743–749. doi:10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.26162-19.2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPhail LT, Fernandes KJ, Chan CC, et al. Axonal reinjury reveals the survival and re-expression of regeneration-associated genes in chronically axotomized adult mouse motoneurons. Exp Neurol. 2004;188:331–340. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.04.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen LJ, Ren YH, Liu L, et al. Upregulated expression of GAP-43 mRNA and protein in anterior horn motoneurons of the spinal cord after brachial plexus injury. Arch Med Res. 2010;41(7):513–518. doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2010.10.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decker L, Desmarquet-Trin-Dinh C, Taillebourg E, Ghislain J, Vallat JM, Charnay P. Peripheral Myelin maintenance is a dynamic process requiring constant Krox20 expression. J Neurosci. 2006;26(38):9771–9779. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0716-06.2006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Li X, Li A, Wu G. miR-485-5p suppresses Schwann cell proliferation and myelination by targeting cdc42 and Rac1. Exp Cell Res. 2020;388(1):111803. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar