38
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Legitimacy of the courts: evidence from a survey in Punjab, Pakistan

ORCID Icon, &
Received 20 Oct 2023, Accepted 20 Jan 2024, Published online: 04 Feb 2024

References

  • Ahmad, K. (2021). Trust of socially vulnerable groups on criminal justice system of Pakistan. Journal of South Asian Studies, 9(3), 175–185. https://doi.org/10.33687/jsas.009.03.3841
  • Akhtar, A., Rafiq, S., Asif, A., Saeed, A., & Kashif, M. (2012). Public perceptions of police service quality: Empirical evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of PoliceScience & Management, 14(2), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2012.14.2.266
  • Bashir, (2011). Public trust in the police. https://archive.pakistantoday.com.pk/2011/06/24.
  • Beetham, D. (1991). The legitimation of power. Macmillan International Higher Education.
  • Bottoms, A., & Tankebe, J. (2012). Beyond procedural justice: A dialogic approach to legitimacy in criminal justice. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 102(1), 119–170.
  • Bühlmann, M., & Kunz, R. (2011). Confidence in the judiciary: Comparing the independence and legitimacy of judicial systems. West European Politics, 34(2), 317–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2011.546576
  • Burdziej, S., Guzik, K., & Pilitowski, B. (2019). Fairness at trial: The impact of procedural justice and other experiential factors on criminal defendants’ perceptions of court legitimacy in Poland. Law & Social Inquiry, 44(2), 359–390. https://doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12358
  • Cheema, M. H. (2018). Two steps forward one step back: The non-linear expansion of judicial power in Pakistan. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 16(2), 503–526. https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/moy040
  • Cheng, K. K. Y. (2018). Legitimacy in a postcolonial legal system: Public perception of procedural justice and moral alignment toward the courts in Hong Kong. Law & Social Inquiry, 43(1), 212–228. https://doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12253
  • Dawn. (2022). Pakistani Twitter in disbelief after Shahrukh Jatoi’s acquittal in Shahzeb murdercase. https://www.dawn.com/news/1715667.
  • Dunya News. (2022). LHC announces verdict in 78 years old land dispute case. https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/685558–LHC-announces-verdict-in-78-years-old-land-dispute-case.
  • The Express Tribune. (2016). SC acquits man two years after his death. https://tribune.com.pk/story/1195917/sc-acquits-man-two-years-death
  • The Express Tribune. (2023). Military trial of civilians gets SC’s nod. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2449892/military-trial-of-civilians-gets-scs-nod
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage.
  • Gallagher, J. M., & Ashford, J. B. (2021). Perceptions of legal legitimacy in veterans’ treatment courts: A test of a modified version of procedural justice theory. Law and Human Behavior, 45(2), 152–164. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000441
  • Ghias, S. A. (2010). Miscarriage of chief justice: Judicial power and the legal complex in Pakistan under Musharraf. Law & Social Inquiry, 35(4), 985–1022. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2010.01211.x
  • Gibson, J. L. (1991). Institutional legitimacy, procedural justice, and compliance with supreme court decisions: A question of causality. Law & Society Review, 25(3), 631–635. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053730
  • Gibson, J. L., Caldeira, G. A., & Baird, V. A. (1998). On the legitimacy of national high courts. American Political Science Review, 92(2), 343–358. https://doi.org/10.2307/2585668
  • Gibson, J. L., Caldeira, G. A., & Spence, L. K. (2003). Measuring attitudes toward the United States supreme court. American Journal of Political Science, 47(2), 354–367. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5907.00025
  • Gibson, J. L., & Nelson, M. J. (2017). Reconsidering positivity theory: What roles do politicization, ideological disagreement, and legal realism play in shaping US supreme court legitimacy? Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 14(3), 592–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/jels.12157
  • Habib, R. I. (2020). Evolution and exercise of the power of judicial review of executive actions in Pakistan. Review of Education, Administration & Law, 3(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.47067/real.v3i1.16
  • Habib, R. I., Akhtar, N., & Madni, A. (2019). Relationship of superior judiciary and executives during democratic regimes in Pakistan: An analytical and historical study. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 39(1), 313–326.
  • Habib, R. I., & Zahraa, M. (2012). Judicial independence in Pakistan: A brief historical account. Harvard Asia Quarterly, 14(3), 25–32.
  • Hussain (2010). Police plan steps to restore public confidence. Retrieved at: https://www.nation.com.pk/02-Nov-2010.
  • Hussain, M., Dinar, H., & Ghazanfar, S. (2015). Prolonged litigation: Finding causes and factors impeding justice provision in Pakistan. The Explorer Islamabad Journal of Social Sciences, 1(9), 320–323.
  • Jackson, J., Asif, M., Bradford, B., & Zakria Zakar, M. (2014). Corruption and police legitimacy in Lahore, Pakistan. British Journal of Criminology, 54(6), 1067–1088. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azu069
  • Jackson, J., Hough, M., Bradford, B., & Kuha, J. (Eds.), (2015). Empirical legitimacy as two connected psychological states. In Trust and Legitimacy in Criminal Justice: European Perspectives (pp. 137–160). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09813-5_7
  • Jatoi, S. A., Mustafa, G., & Kataria, M. S. (2022). Judicial activism and democracy in Pakistan: A case study of chief justice Saqib Nisar era. Pakistan Journal of Social Research, 4(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i2.445
  • Khadam, N., Zahoor, S., Gondal, S. T., & Tatari, S. K. (2019). Analytical framework for Judicial data collection in Pakistan. Policy Perspectives, 16(2), 87–105. https://doi.org/10.13169/polipers.16.2.0087
  • Khan, I. (2000). The judicial system of Pakistan. Comprehensive Legal and Judicial Development. https://pja.gov.pk/system/files/Judicial_System_of_Pakistan.pdf
  • Kureshi, Y. (2021). When judges defy dictators: An audience-based framework to explain the emergence of judicial assertiveness against authoritarian regimes. Comparative Politics, 53(2), 233–257. https://doi.org/10.5129/001041521X15899127697291
  • Kureshi, Y. (2022). The confrontational court (1999–2017): The judiciary challenges military and civilian power. In Seeking supremacy: The pursuit of judicial power in Pakistan (Cambridge studies in law and society, pp. 153–219). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009025515.006
  • Mehmood, F., & Irfan, R. (2022). Improving the performance of pakistan’s justice system and its ranking using data analytics. Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE 19th International Conference on Smart Communities: Improving Quality of Life Using ICT, IoT and AI (HONET), Chicago, Illionois, United States, (pp. 128–133). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/HONET56683.2022
  • Mondak, J. J. (1993). Institutional legitimacy and procedural justice: Reexamining the question of causality. Law & Society Review, 27(3), 599–608. https://doi.org/10.2307/3054106
  • Munir, M. (2008). Precedent in Islamic law with special reference to the federal shariat court and the legal system in Pakistan. Islamic Studies, 47(4), 445–482. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20839140
  • Munir, B., Ahmad, N., & Khan, A. N. (2021). Judicial activism, selectivism, and executive’s functional space: A critical appreciation in the context of Pakistan. Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, 58(1), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.54690/issrap.v13iXIII.100
  • Niaz, I. (2020). Judicial activism and the evolution of pakistan’s culture of power. The Round Table, 109(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2020.1717091
  • Shah, R. U., Khan, S. U., & Farid, S. (2014). Causes for delay in civil justice in lower courts of Pakistan: A review. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, 6(1), 47–67.
  • Sunshine, J., & Tyler, T. R. (2003). The role of procedural justice and legitimacy in shaping public support for policing. Law and Society Review, 37(3), 513–547. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5893.3703002
  • Tankebe, J. (2009). Public cooperation with the police in Ghana: Does procedural fairness matter?. Criminology, 47(4), 1265–1293.
  • Tankebe, J. (2013). Viewing things differently: The dimensions of public perceptions of policelegitimacy. Criminology, 51(1), 103–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2012.00291.x
  • Tankebe, J., Reisig, M. D., & Wang, X. (2016). A multidimensional model of police legitimacy: A cross-cultural assessment. Law and Human Behavior, 40(1), 11–41. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000153
  • Transparency International. (2022). Corruption perception index. Retrieved at: https://www.transparency.org/en/countries/pakistan
  • Tyler, T. (2007). Procedural justice and the courts. Court Review, 44(1–2), 26–31.
  • Tyler, T. R. (2006). Why People Obey the Law. Princeton University Press.
  • Tyler, T. R., & Jackson, J. (2014). Popular legitimacy and the exercise of legal authority: Motivating compliance, cooperation, and engagement. Psychology, Public Policy, & Law, 20(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034514
  • Tyler, T. R., & Rasinski, K. (1991). Procedural justice, institutional legitimacy, and the acceptance of unpopular US supreme court decisions: A reply to Gibson. Law and Society Review, 25(3), 621–630. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053729
  • Tyler, T. R., & Sevier, J. (2013). How do the courts create popular legitimacy?: The role of establishing the truth, punishing justly, and/or acting through just procedures. Albany Law Review, 77(3), 1095–1137.
  • Voigt, S. (2016). Determinants of judicial efficiency: A survey. European Journal of Law and Economics, 42(2), 183–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-016-9531-6
  • Waseem, M. (2020). Political parties in an “establishmentarian democracy”. Pakistan’s Political Parties: Surviving Between Dictatorship and Democracy, 272–281.
  • Weber, M. (1978). Economy and society: An outline of interpretive sociology. (G. Roth & C. Wittich), Eds.). University of California Press.
  • Wolf, S. O. (2021). (Mis) judging the state? The crisis in pakistan’s judiciary and its ramifications. South Asia Democratic Forum (SADF).
  • World Asia. (2018). Innocent Pakistani woman wrongfully jailed for 20 years, acquitted now. https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/innocent-pakistani-woman-wrongfully-jailed-for-20-years-acquitted-now-1.2224073.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.