259
Views
50
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Cumulative risk assessment of the intake of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in the Danish diet

, &
Pages 776-785 | Published online: 10 Nov 2010

References

  • ANDERSEN , J. H. , GRANBY , K. and POULSEN , M. E. 1998 . Pesticide Residues in Fruits, Vegetables and Cereals in Denmark — 1997. Report Concerning Directives 90/642/EEC, 86/362/EEC and Commission Recommendation 96/738/EC , Copenhagen : Danish Veterinary and Food Administration .
  • ANDERSEN , J. H. , GRANBY , K. and POULSEN , M. E. 1999 . Pesticide Residues in Fruits, Vegetables and Cereals in Denmark — 1998. Report Concerning Directives 90/642/EEC, 86/362/EEC and Commission Recommendation 96/822/EC , Copenhagen : Danish Veterinary and Food Administration .
  • ANDERSEN , J. H. , POULSEN , M. E. and GRANBY , K. 2000 . Pesticide Residues in Fruits, Vegetables and Cereals in Denmark — 1999. Report Concerning Directives 90/642/EEC, 86/362/EEC and Commission Recommendation 1999/333/EC , Copenhagen : Danish Veterinary and Food Administration .
  • ANDERSEN , J. H. , POULSEN , M. E. and GRANBY , K. 2001 . Pesticide Residues in Fruits, Vegetables and Cereals in Denmark — 2000. Report Concerning Directives 90/642/EEC, 86/362/EEC and Commission Recommendation 2000/43/EC , Copenhagen : Danish Veterinary and Food Administration .
  • BOON , P. and VAN KLAVEREN , J. 2000 . . Cumulative Exposure to Acetylcholinesterase Inhibiting Compounds in the Dutch Population and Young Children , Wageningen : RIKILT —Dutch State Institute for Quality Control of Agricultural Products .
  • CASSEE , F. R. , GROTEN , J. P. , VAN BLADEREN , P. J. and FERON , V. J. 1998 . Texicological evaluation and risk assessment of chemical mixtures . Critical Reviews in Toxicology , 28 : 73 – 101 .
  • EPA . 2000 . Assigning Values to Non-detected/Non-quantified Pesticide Residues in Human Health Food Exposure Assessments , Report No: 6047 Washington, DC : Office of Pesticide Programs, US Environmental Protection Agency .
  • EPA . 2002 . Preliminary cumulative organophosphorus risk assessment accessed 18 April 2002
  • EWG . 1998 . Overexposed: Organophosphate Insecticides in Children's Food , Washington, DC : Environmental Working Group . accessed 12 February 2002
  • FAO/WHO . 1990 . Pesticide Residues in Food — 1990 Evaluations: Part 1 — Residues , Plant Production and Protection Paper 103/1 Rome : FAO .
  • FAO/WHO . 1991 . Pesticide Residues in Food — 1991 Evaluations: Part 1 — Residues , Plant Production and Protection Paper 113/1 Rome : FAO .
  • FAO/WHO . 1993 . Pesticide Residues in Food — 1992 Evaluations: Part 1 — Residues , Plant Production and Protection Paper 118 Rome : FAO .
  • FAO/WHO . 1994 . Pesticide Residues in Food — 1993 Evaluations: Part 1 — Residues , Plant Production and Protection Paper 124 Rome : FAO .
  • FAO/WHO . 1995 . Pesticide Residues in Food — 1994 Evaluations: Part 1 — Residues , Plant Production and Protection Papers 131/1 and 131/2 Rome : FAO .
  • FAO/WHO . 1996 . Pesticide Residues in Food — 1995 Evaluations: Part 1 — Residues , Plant Production and Protection Paper 137 Rome : FAO .
  • FAO/WHO . 1997 . Pesticide Residues in Food — 1996 Evaluations: Part 1 — Residues , Plant Production and Protection Paper 142 Rome : FAO .
  • FAO/WHO . 1999 . Pesticide Residues in Food — 1998 Evaluations: Part 1 — Residues , Plant Production and Protection Papers 152/1 and 152/2 Rome : FAO .
  • FAO/WHO . 2000 . Pesticide Residues in Food — 1999 Evaluations: Part 1 — Residues , Plant Production and Protection Paper 157 Rome : FAO .
  • FAO/WHO . 2001a . Pesticide Residues in Food — 2000 Evaluations: Part 1 — Residues , Plant Production and Protection Paper 165 Rome : FAO .
  • FAO/WHO . 2001b . Pesticide Residues in Food — 2000. Report of the Joint Meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residue in Food and the Environment and the WHO Core Assessment Group on Pesticide Residues , Plant Production and Protection Paper 163 Rome : FAO .
  • MILESON , B. E. , CHAMBERS , J. E. , CHEN , W. L. , DETTBARN , W. , EHRICH , M. , ELDEFRAWI , A. T. , GAYLOR , D. W. , HAMERNIK , K. , HODGSON , E. , KARCZMAR , A. , PADILLA , S. , POPE , C. , RICHARDSON , R. J. , SAUNDERS , D. R. , SHEETS , L. P. , SULTATOS , L. O. and WALLACE , K. B. 1998 . Common mechanism of toxicity: a case study of organophosphorus pesticides . Toxicological Sciences , 41 : 8 – 20 .
  • NATIONAL FOOD AGENCY . 1996 . The Danes' Dietary Habits 1995: Main Results. No. 235 , Søborg : Danish Veterinary and Food Administration . in Danish
  • NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL . 1993 . Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children , Washington, DC : Committee on Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children, Board on Agriculture and Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Academy Press .
  • PESTICIDE SAFETY DIRECTORATE . 1995 . UK Methods for the Estimation of Dietary Intakes of Pesticide Residue , London : Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food .
  • SAFE , S. H. 1990 . Polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and related compounds: environmental and mechanistic considerations which support the development of toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) . Critical Reviews in Toxicololgy , 21 : 51 – 88 .
  • SANDSTRÖM , B. , ARO , A. , BECKER , W. , LYHNE , N. , PEDERSEN , J. I. and PÖRSDÖTTIR , I. , eds. 1996 . Nordiska näringsrekommendationer 1996 [Nordic Nutrition Recommendations] , Nord 1996:28 [in Swedish]
  • SEED , J. , BROWN , R. P. , OLIN , S. S. and FORAN , J. A. 1995 . Chemical mixtures: current risk assessment methodologies and future directions . Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology , 22 : 76 – 94 .
  • VAN DEN BERG , M. , BIRNBAUM , L. , BOSVELD , A. T. C. , BRUNSTRÖM , B. , COOK , P. , FEELEY , M. , GIESY , J. P. , HANBERG , A. , HASEGAWA , R. , KENNEDY , S. W. , KUBIAK , T. , LARSEN , J. C. , ROLAF VAN LEEUWEN , F. X. , LIEM , A. K. D. , NOLT , C. , PETERSO , R. E. , POELLINGER , L. , SAFE , S. , SCHRENK , D. , TILLITT , D. , TYSKLIND , M. , YOUNES , M. , WÆRN , F. and ZACHAREWSKI , T. 1998 . Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife . Environmental Health Perspectives , 106 : 775 – 792 .
  • WHO . 1997 . Guidelines for Predicting Dietary Intake of Pesticide Residues, revd. GEMS-food , WHO/FSF/FOS/97.7 Geneva : WHO .
  • WILKINSON , C. F. , CHRISTOPH , G. R. , JULIEN , E. , KELLEY , J. M. , KRONENBERG , J. , MCCARTHY , J. and REISS , R. 2000 . Assessing the risks of exposures to multiple chemicals with a common mechanism of toxicity: How to cumulate? . Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology , 31 : 30 – 43 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.