A review of the development of histotripsy for extremity tumor ablation with a canine comparative oncology model to inform human treatments

References

• Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660.
   Google Scholar
• AlDossary NM, Ostler C, Donovan-Hall M, et al. Non-oncological outcomes following limb salvage surgery in patients with knee sarcoma: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44(16):4531–4545. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1900409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abu El Afieh J, Gray M, Seah M, et al. Endoprosthetic reconstruction in ewing’s sarcoma patients: a systematic review of postoperative complications and functional outcomes. J Clin Med. 2022;11(15):4612. doi: 10.3390/jcm11154612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolle MA, Andreou D, Tunn PU, et al. Advances in tumour endoprostheses: a systematic review. EFORT Open Rev. 2019;4(7):445–459. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180081.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grinberg SZ, Posta A, Weber KL, et al. Limb salvage and reconstruction options in osteosarcoma. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1257:13–29. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-43032-0_2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaneuchi Y, Yoshida S, Fujiwara T, et al. Limb salvage surgery has a higher complication rate than amputation but is still beneficial for patients younger than 10 years old with osteosarcoma of an extremity. J Pediatr Surg. 2022;57(11):702–709. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.04.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsukamoto S, Kido A, Tanaka Y, et al. Current overview of treatment for metastatic bone disease. Curr Oncol. 2021;28(5):3347–3372. doi: 10.3390/curroncol28050290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason NJ. Comparative immunology and immunotherapy of canine osteosarcoma. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1258:199–221. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dow S. A role for dogs in advancing cancer immunotherapy research. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2935. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenger JM, London CA, Kisseberth WC. Canine osteosarcoma: a naturally occurring disease to inform pediatric oncology. Ilar J. 2014;55(1):69–85. doi: 10.1093/ilar/ilu009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paoloni M, Khanna C. Translation of new cancer treatments from pet dogs to humans. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008;8(2):147–156. doi: 10.1038/nrc2273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowell JL, McCarthy DO, Alvarez CE. Dog models of naturally occurring cancer. Trends Mol Med. 2011;17(7):380–388. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2011.02.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafson DL, Duval DL, Regan DP, et al. Canine sarcomas as a surrogate for the human disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2018;188:80–96. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.01.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dernell W, Ehrhart N, Straw R, et al. Withrow & MacEwen’s small animal clinical oncology. St Louis, Mo: Saunders Elsevier. 2007:540–567.
   Google Scholar
• Arnesen K, Gamlem H, Glattre E, et al. Registration of canine cancer. Tidsskr nor Laegeforen. 1995;115(6):714–717.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ghert M, Mwita W, Mandari FN. Primary bone tumors in children and adolescents treated at a referral center in Northern tanzania. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2019;3(3):e045. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-17-00045.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schiffman JD, Breen M. Comparative oncology: what dogs and other species can teach us about humans with cancer. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015;370(1673):20140231. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson S, Dunning MD, de Brot S, et al. Comparative review of human and canine osteosarcoma: morphology, epidemiology, prognosis, treatment and genetics. Acta Vet Scand. 2017;59(1):71. doi: 10.1186/s13028-017-0341-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paoloni M, Davis S, Lana S, et al. Canine tumor cross-species genomics uncovers targets linked to osteosarcoma progression. BMC Genomics. 2009;10(1):625. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beird HC, Bielack SS, Flanagan AM, et al. Osteosarcoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2022;8(1):77. doi: 10.1038/s41572-022-00409-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Han L, He Z, et al. Advances in limb salvage treatment of osteosarcoma. J Bone Oncol. 2018;10:36–40. doi: 10.1016/j.jbo.2017.11.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaRue SM, Withrow SJ, Powers BE, et al. Limb-sparing treatment for osteosarcoma in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1989;195(12):1734–1744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liptak JM, Dernell WS, Ehrhart N, et al. Cortical allograft and endoprosthesis for limb-sparing surgery in dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma: a prospective clinical comparison of two different limb-sparing techniques. Vet Surg. 2006;35(6):518–533. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2006.00185.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell KE, Boston SE, Kung M, et al. Outcomes of limb-sparing surgery using two generations of metal endoprosthesis in 45 dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma. A veterinary society of surgical oncology retrospective study. Vet Surg. 2016;45(1):36–43. doi: 10.1111/vsu.12423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Séguin B, O'Donnell MD, Walsh PJ, et al. Long-term outcome of dogs treated with ulnar rollover transposition for limb-sparing of distal radial osteosarcoma: 27 limbs in 26 dogs. Vet Surg. 2017;46(7):1017–1024. doi: 10.1111/vsu.12698.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberoi S, Choy E, Chen YL, et al. Trimodality treatment of extremity soft tissue sarcoma: where do we go now? Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2023;24(4):300–326. doi: 10.1007/s11864-023-01059-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks AD, Heslin MJ, Leung DH, et al. Superficial extremity soft tissue sarcoma: an analysis of prognostic factors. Ann Surg Oncol. 1998;5(1):41–47. doi: 10.1007/BF02303763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakata K, Johnson FE, Beitler AL, et al. Extremity soft tissue sarcoma patient follow-up: tumor grade and size affect surveillance strategies after potentially curative surgery. Int J Oncol. 2003;22(6):1335–1343. doi: 10.3892/ijo.22.6.1335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonvalot S, Levy A, Terrier P, et al. Primary extremity soft tissue sarcomas: does local control impact survival? Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24(1):194–201. doi: 10.1245/s10434-016-5462-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrari A, Miceli R, Meazza C, et al. Soft tissue sarcomas of childhood and adolescence: the prognostic role of tumor size in relation to patient body size. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(3):371–376. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.4542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cates JMM. The AJCC 8th edition staging system for soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities or trunk: a cohort study of the SEER database. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2018;16(2):144–152. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2017.7042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trojani M, Contesso G, Coindre JM, et al. Soft-tissue sarcomas of adults; study of pathological prognostic variables and definition of a histopathological grading system. Int J Cancer. 1984;33(1):37–42. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910330108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis MM, McSporran KD, Bacon NJ, et al. Prognostic factors for cutaneous and subcutaneous soft tissue sarcomas in dogs. Vet Pathol. 2011;48(1):73–84. doi: 10.1177/0300985810388820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray JP, Polton GA, McSporran KD, et al. Canine soft tissue sarcoma managed in first opinion practice: outcome in 350 cases. Vet Surg. 2014;43(7):774–782. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12185.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimer RJ. Size matters for sarcomas!. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2006;88(6):519–524. doi: 10.1308/003588406X130651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramanathan RC, A'Hern R, Fisher C, et al. Modified staging system for extremity soft tissue sarcomas. Ann Surg Oncol. 1999;6(1):57–69. doi: 10.1007/s10434-999-0057-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis JJ, Leung D, Espat J, et al. Effect of reresection in extremity soft tissue sarcoma. Ann Surg. 2000;231(5):655–663. doi: 10.1097/00000658-200005000-00005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefanello D, Avallone G, Ferrari R, et al. Canine cutaneous perivascular wall tumors at first presentation: clinical behavior and prognostic factors in 55 cases. J Vet Intern Med. 2011;25(6):1398–1405. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00822.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll J, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Klahn SL, et al. High intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of solid tumors: a pilot study in canine cancer patients. Int J Hyperthermia. 2022;39(1):855–864. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2022.2097323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalamaras AB, Wavreille V, Jones SC, et al. Impact of microwave ablation treatment on the biomechanical properties of the distal radius in the dog: a cadaveric study. Vet Surg. 2020;49(7):1388–1395. doi: 10.1111/vsu.13481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salyer SA, Wavreille VA, Fenger JM, et al. Evaluation of microwave ablation for local treatment of dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma: a pilot study. Vet Surg. 2020;49(7):1396–1405. doi: 10.1111/vsu.13491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruger L, Yang E, Gannon J, et al. Mechanical high-intensity focused ultrasound (histotripsy) in dogs with spontaneously occurring soft tissue sarcomas. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2023;70(3):768–779. Pp. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2022.3201709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruger LN, Hay AN, Gannon JM, et al. Histotripsy ablation of spontaneously occurring canine bone tumors. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2023;70(1):331–342. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2022.3191069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruger LN, Hay AN, Vickers ER, et al. Characterizing the ablative effects of histotripsy for osteosarcoma: in vivo study in dogs. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(3):15. doi: 10.3390/cancers15030741.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khokhlova VA, Fowlkes JB, Roberts WW, et al. Histotripsy methods in mechanical disintegration of tissue: towards clinical applications. Int J Hyperthermia. 2015;31(2):145–162. doi: 10.3109/02656736.2015.1007538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Z, Hall TL, Vlaisavljevich E, et al. Histotripsy: the first noninvasive, non-ionizing, non-thermal ablation technique based on ultrasound. Int J Hyperthermia. 2021;38(1):561–575. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1905189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latifi M, Hay A, Carroll J, et al. Focused ultrasound tumour ablation in small animal oncology. Vet Comp Oncol. 2021;19(3):411–419. doi: 10.1111/vco.12742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bader KB, Vlaisavljevich E, Maxwell AD. For whom the bubble grows: physical principles of bubble nucleation and dynamics in histotripsy ultrasound therapy. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2019;45(5):1056–1080. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.10.035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlaisavljevich E, Maxwell A, Warnez M, et al. Histotripsy-induced cavitation cloud initiation thresholds in tissues of different mechanical properties. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2014;61(2):341–352. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6722618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crum LA, Roy RA, Dinno MA, et al. Acoustic cavitation produced by microsecond pulses of ultrasound: a discussion of some selected results. J Acoust Soc Am. 1992;91(2):1113–1119. doi: 10.1121/1.402638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Movahed P, Kreider W, Maxwell AD, et al. Cavitation-induced damage of soft materials by focused ultrasound bursts: a fracture-based bubble dynamics model. J Acoust Soc Am. 2016;140(2):1374–1386. doi: 10.1121/1.4961364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsons JE, Cain CA, Abrams GD, et al. Pulsed cavitational ultrasound therapy for controlled tissue homogenization. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2006;32(1):115–129. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.09.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlaisavljevich E, Kim Y, Owens G, et al. Effects of tissue mechanical properties on susceptibility to histotripsy-induced tissue damage. Phys Med Biol. 2014;59(2):253–270. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/2/253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlaisavljevich E, Lin KW, Warnez MT, et al. Effects of tissue stiffness, ultrasound frequency, and pressure on histotripsy-induced cavitation bubble behavior. Phys Med Biol. 2015;60(6):2271–2292. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/6/2271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidal-Jove J, Serres X, Vlaisavljevich E, et al. First-in-man histotripsy of hepatic tumors: the THERESA trial, a feasibility study. Int J Hyperthermia. 2022;39(1):1115–1123. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2022.2112309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidal-Jove J, Serres-Creixams X, Ziemlewicz TJ, et al. Liver histotripsy mediated abscopal effect-case report. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2021;68(9):3001–3005. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2021.3100267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold L, Hendricks-Wenger A, Coutermarsh-Ott S, et al. Histotripsy ablation of bone tumors: feasibility study in excised canine osteosarcoma tumors. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2022;48(7):1356. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.03.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams RP, Simon JC, Khokhlova VA, et al. The histotripsy spectrum: differences and similarities in techniques and instrumentation. Int J Hyperthermia. 2023;40(1):2233720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C, Zhang W, Fan W, et al. Noninvasive treatment of malignant bone tumors using high-intensity focused ultrasound. Cancer. 2010;116(16):3934–3942. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu W, Tang L, Lin F, et al. Significance of HIFU in local unresectable recurrence of soft tissue sarcoma, a single-center, respective, case series in China. Surg Oncol. 2019;30:117–121. doi: 10.1016/j.suronc.2019.06.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrigoni F, Napoli A, Bazzocchi A, et al. Magnetic-resonance-guided focused ultrasound treatment of non-spinal osteoid osteoma in children: multicentre experience. Pediatr Radiol. 2019;49(9):1209–1216. doi: 10.1007/s00247-019-04426-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen W, Zhu H, Zhang L, et al. Primary bone malignancy: effective treatment with high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation. Radiology. 2010;255(3):967–978. doi: 10.1148/radiol.10090374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dababou S, Marrocchio C, Scipione R, et al. High-intensity focused ultrasound for pain management in patients with cancer. Radiographics. 2018;38(2):603–623. doi: 10.1148/rg.2018170129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Napoli A, Anzidei M, Marincola BC, et al. Primary pain palliation and local tumor control in bone metastases treated with magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound. Invest Radiol. 2013;48(6):351–358. doi: 10.1097/RLI.0b013e318285bbab.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horise Y, Maeda M, Konishi Y, et al. Sonodynamic therapy with anticancer micelles and high-intensity focused ultrasound in treatment of canine cancer. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:545. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seward MC, Daniel GB, Ruth JD, et al. Feasibility of targeting canine soft tissue sarcoma with MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound. Int J Hyperthermia. 2019;35(1):205–215. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2018.1489072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antoniou A, Evripidou N, Panayiotou S, et al. Treatment of canine and feline sarcoma using MR-guided focused ultrasound system. J Ultrasound. 2022;25(4):895–904. doi: 10.1007/s40477-022-00672-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni SS, Shetty NS, Gala KB, et al. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of appendicular skeleton chondroblastoma-an experience from a tertiary care cancer center. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2021;32(4):504–509. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2020.07.027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chahal A, Rajalakshmi P, Khan SA, et al. CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma: our experience in 87 patients. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017;27(2):207–215. doi: 10.4103/ijri.IJRI_260_16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lindner NJ, Ozaki T, Roedl R, et al. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in osteoid osteoma. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001;83-B(3):391–396. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.83B3.0830391.
   Google Scholar
• Prud’homme C, Nueffer JP, Runge M, et al. Prospective pilot study of CT-guided microwave ablation in the treatment of osteoid osteomas. Skeletal Radiol. 2017;46(3):315–323. doi: 10.1007/s00256-016-2558-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thanos L, Mylona S, Galani P, et al. Radiofrequency ablation of osseous metastases for the palliation of pain. Skeletal Radiol. 2008;37(3):189–194. doi: 10.1007/s00256-007-0404-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamakado K, Matsumine A, Nakamura T, et al. Radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of recurrent bone and soft-tissue sarcomas in non-surgical candidates. Int J Clin Oncol. 2014;19(5):955–962. doi: 10.1007/s10147-013-0640-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belfiore MP, Ronza FM, Della Volpe T, et al. Long-term local disease control in a recurrent soft-tissue sarcoma of the thigh treated by radiofrequency ablation. J Surg Oncol. 2015;111(6):708–710. doi: 10.1002/jso.23877.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim C. Understanding the nuances of microwave ablation for more accurate post-treatment assessment. Future Oncol. 2018;14(17):1755–1764. doi: 10.2217/fon-2017-0736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rinzler ES, Shivaram GM, Shaw DW, et al. Microwave ablation of osteoid osteoma: initial experience and efficacy. Pediatr Radiol. 2019;49(4):566–570. doi: 10.1007/s00247-018-4327-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan QY, Ma BA, Zhou Y, et al. Bone tumors of the extremities or pelvis treated by microwave-induced hyperthermia. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;406(406):165–175. doi: 10.1097/01.blo.0000037439.23683.9c.
   Google Scholar
• Fan QY, Zhou Y, Zhang M, et al. Microwave ablation of malignant extremity bone tumors. Springerplus. 2016;5(1):1373. doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-3005-8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zheng K, Yu X, Hu Y, et al. Clinical guideline for microwave ablation of bone tumors in extremities. Orthop Surg. 2020;12(4):1036–1044. doi: 10.1111/os.12749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shu C, Lim M, Fang A. Transarterial embolization and percutaneous ablation of primary and metastatic soft tissue tumors. Life. 2023;13(7). doi: 10.3390/life13071485.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ringdahl-Mayland B, Thamm DH, Martin TW. Retrospective evaluation of outcome in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma following hypofractionated palliative radiation therapy with or without bisphosphonates: 165 cases (2010-2019). Front Vet Sci. 2022;9:892297. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.892297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tollett MA, Duda L, Brown DC, et al. Palliative radiation therapy for solid tumors in dogs: 103 cases (2007-2011). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2016;248(1):72–82. doi: 10.2460/javma.248.1.72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cancedda S, Marconato L, Meier V, et al. Hypofractionated radiotherapy for macroscopic canine soft tissue sarcoma: a retrospective study of 50 cases treated with a 5 × 6 GY protocol with or without metronomic chemotherapy. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2016;57(1):75–83. doi: 10.1111/vru.12308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence J, Forrest L, Adams W, et al. Four-fraction radiation therapy for macroscopic soft tissue sarcomas in 16 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2008;44(3):100–108. doi: 10.5326/0440100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frisch S, Timmermann B. The evolving role of proton beam therapy for sarcomas. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2017;29(8):500–506. doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2017.04.034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciernik IF, Niemierko A, Harmon DC, et al. Proton-based radiotherapy for unresectable or incompletely resected osteosarcoma. Cancer. 2011;117(19):4522–4530. doi: 10.1002/cncr.26037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livi L, Santoni R, Paiar F, et al. Late treatment-related complications in 214 patients with extremity soft-tissue sarcoma treated by surgery and postoperative radiation therapy. Am J Surg. 2006;191(2):230–234. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.09.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulino AC, Nguyen TX, Mai WY. An analysis of primary site control and late effects according to local control modality in non-metastatic Ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;48(4):423–429. doi: 10.1002/pbc.20754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tierce R, Martin T, Hughes KL, et al. Response of canine soft tissue sarcoma to stereotactic body radiotherapy. Radiat Res. 2021;196(6):587–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagnon J, Mayer MN, Belosowsky T, et al. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for treatment of soft tissue sarcomas in 35 dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2020;256(1):102–110. doi: 10.2460/javma.256.1.102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin TW, Griffin L, Custis J, et al. Outcome and prognosis for canine appendicular osteosarcoma treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy in 123 dogs. Vet Comp Oncol. 2021;19(2):284–294. doi: 10.1111/vco.12674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin TW, LaRue SM, Griffin L. CT characteristics and proposed scoring scheme are predictive of pathologic fracture in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2022;63(1):82–90. doi: 10.1111/vru.13033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlaisavljevich E, Lin KW, Maxwell A, et al. Effects of ultrasound frequency and tissue stiffness on the histotripsy intrinsic threshold for cavitation. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2015;41(6):1651–1667. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.01.028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlaisavljevich E, Maxwell A, Mancia L, et al. Visualizing the histotripsy process: bubble Cloud-Cancer cell interactions in a tissue-mimicking environment. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2016;42(10):2466–2477. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.05.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlaisavljevich E, Greve J, Cheng X, et al. Non-invasive ultrasound liver ablation using histotripsy: chronic study in an in vivo rodent model. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2016;42(8):1890–1902. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.03.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knott EA, Zlevor AM, Hinshaw JL, et al. A comparison study of microwave ablation vs. histotripsy for focal liver treatments in a swine model. Eur Radiol. 2023;33(2):1050–1062. doi: 10.1007/s00330-022-09112-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall TL, Hempel CR, Wojno K, et al. Histotripsy of the prostate: dose effects in a chronic canine model. Urology. 2009;74(4):932–937. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.03.049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall TL, Kieran K, Ives K, et al. Histotripsy of rabbit renal tissue in vivo: temporal histologic trends. J Endourol. 2007;21(10):1159–1166. doi: 10.1089/end.2007.9915.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendricks-Wenger A, Hutchison R, Vlaisavljevich E, et al. Immunological effects of histotripsy for cancer therapy. Front Oncol. 2021;11:681629. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.681629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pepple AL, Guy JL, McGinnis R, et al. Spatiotemporal local and abscopal cell death and immune responses to histotripsy focused ultrasound tumor ablation. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1012799. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1012799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu S, Worlikar T, Felsted AE, et al. Non-thermal histotripsy tumor ablation promotes abscopal immune responses that enhance cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer. 2020;8(1):e000200. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worlikar T, Zhang M, Ganguly A, et al. Impact of histotripsy on development of intrahepatic metastases in a rodent liver tumor model. Cancers. 2022;14(7):1612. doi: 10.3390/cancers14071612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlaisavljevich E, Gerhardson T, Hall T, et al. Effects of f-number on the histotripsy intrinsic threshold and cavitation bubble cloud behavior. Phys Med Biol. 2017;62(4):1269–1290. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa54c7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazzocchi A, Aparisi Gómez MP, Taninokuchi Tomassoni M, et al. Musculoskeletal oncology and thermal ablation: the current and emerging role of interventional radiology. Skeletal Radiol. 2023;52(3):447–459. doi: 10.1007/s00256-022-04213-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Z, Fowlkes JB, Rothman ED, et al. Controlled ultrasound tissue erosion: the role of dynamic interaction between insonation and microbubble activity. J Acoust Soc Am. 2005;117(1):424–435. doi: 10.1121/1.1828551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edsall C, Ham E, Holmes H, et al. Effects of frequency on bubble-cloud behavior and ablation efficiency in intrinsic threshold histotripsy. Phys Med Biol. 2021;66(22):225009. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac33ed.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon A, Robinson F, Anzivino A, et al. Histotripsy for the treatment of uterine leiomyomas: a feasibility study in ex vivo uterine fibroids. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2022;48(8):1652–1662. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.04.214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sukovich JR, Macoskey JJ, Lundt JE, et al. Real-Time transcranial histotripsy treatment localization and mapping using acoustic cavitation emission feedback. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2020;67(6):1178–1191. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2020.2967586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen W, Wang Z, Wu F, et al. [High intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of primary malignant bone tumor]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2002;24(6):612–615.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yarmolenko PS, Eranki A, Partanen A, et al. Technical aspects of osteoid osteoma ablation in children using MR-guided high intensity focussed ultrasound. Int J Hyperthermia. 2018;34(1):49–58. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1315458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolock AR, Cristescu MM, Vlaisavljevich E, et al. Robotically assisted sonic therapy as a noninvasive nonthermal ablation modality: proof of concept in a porcine liver model. Radiology. 2018;287(2):485–493. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2018171544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundt JE, Allen SP, Shi J, et al. Non-invasive, rapid ablation of tissue volume using histotripsy. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2017;43(12):2834–2847. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.08.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Owens GE, Cain CA, et al. Histotripsy thrombolysis on retracted clots. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2016;42(8):1903–1918. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.03.027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu N, Gupta D, Daou BJ, et al. Transcranial magnetic resonance-guided histotripsy for brain surgery: pre-clinical investigation. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2022;48(1):98–110. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.09.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu N, Hall TL, Choi D, et al. Transcranial MR-guided histotripsy system. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2021;68(9):2917–2929. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2021.3068113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang TY, Xu Z, Hall TL, et al. An efficient treatment strategy for histotripsy by removing cavitation memory. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2012;38(5):753–766. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.01.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen SP, Hernandez-Garcia L, Cain CA, et al. MR-based detection of individual histotripsy bubble clouds formed in tissues and phantoms. Magn Reson Med. 2016;76(5):1486–1493. doi: 10.1002/mrm.26062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen SP, Hall TL, Cain CA, et al. Controlling cavitation-based image contrast in focused ultrasound histotripsy surgery. Magn Reson Med. 2015;73(1):204–213. doi: 10.1002/mrm.25115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scipione R, Anzidei M, Bazzocchi A, et al. HIFU for bone metastases and other musculoskeletal applications. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2018;35(4):261–267. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1673363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Jin L, Vlaisavljevich E, et al. Noninvasive thrombolysis using microtripsy: a parameter study. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2015;62(12):2092–2105. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2015.007268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macoskey JJ, Choi SW, Hall TL, et al. Using the cavitation collapse time to indicate the extent of histotripsy-induced tissue fractionation. Phys Med Biol. 2018;63(5):055013. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaae3b.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sukovich JR, Cain CA, Pandey AS, et al. In vivo histotripsy brain treatment. J Neurosurg. 2018:1–8. doi: 10.3171/2018.4.JNS172652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmer WD, Berquist TH, McLeod RA, et al. Bone tumors: magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography. Radiology. 1985;155(3):709–718. doi: 10.1148/radiology.155.3.4001374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmer WD, Berquist TH, McLeod RA, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of osteosarcomas. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986;208(208):289–299. ():doi: 10.1097/00003086-198607000-00050.
   Google Scholar
• Worlikar T, Mendiratta-Lala M, Vlaisavljevich E, et al. Effects of histotripsy on local tumor progression in an in vivo orthotopic rodent liver tumor model. BME Front. 2020;2020:9830304. doi: 10.34133/2020/9830304.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Allen SP, Vlaisavljevich E, Shi J, et al. The response of MRI contrast parameters in in vitro tissues and tissue mimicking phantoms to fractionation by histotripsy. Phys Med Biol. 2017;62(17):7167–7180. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa81ed.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendricks-Wenger A, Sereno J, Gannon J, et al. Histotripsy ablation alters the tumor microenvironment and promotes immune system activation in a subcutaneous model of pancreatic cancer. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2021;68(9):2987–3000. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2021.3078094.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pahk KJ, Shin CH, Bae IY, et al. Boiling histotripsy-induced partial mechanical ablation modulates tumour microenvironment by promoting immunogenic cell death of cancers. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):9050. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45542-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schade GR, Wang YN, D'Andrea S, et al. Boiling histotripsy ablation of renal cell carcinoma in the eker rat promotes a systemic inflammatory response. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2019;45(1):137–147. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.09.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh MP, Sethuraman SN, Miller C, et al. Boiling histotripsy and in-situ CD40 stimulation improve the checkpoint blockade therapy of poorly immunogenic tumors. Theranostics. 2021;11(2):540–554. doi: 10.7150/thno.49517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petitprez F, de Reyniès A, Keung EZ, et al. B cells are associated with survival and immunotherapy response in sarcoma. Nature. 2020;577(7791):556–560. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1906-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weng W, Yu L, Li Z, et al. The immune subtypes and landscape of sarcomas. BMC Immunol. 2022;23(1):46. doi: 10.1186/s12865-022-00522-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien MA, Power DG, Clover AJ, et al. Local tumour ablative therapies: opportunities for maximising immune engagement and activation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014;1846(2):510–523. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.09.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eranki A, Srinivasan P, Ries M, et al. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) triggers immune sensitization of refractory murine neuroblastoma to checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2020;26(5):1152–1161. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-1604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joiner JB, Pylayeva-Gupta Y, Dayton PA. Focused ultrasound for immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment. J Immunol. 2020;205(9):2327–2341. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wah TM, Pech M, Thormann M, et al. A multi-centre, single arm, non-randomized, prospective European trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the HistoSonics system in the treatment of primary and metastatic liver cancers (#HOPE4LIVER). Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2023;46(2):259–267. doi: 10.1007/s00270-022-03309-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar