The role of endothelin in the cerebrovascular response following intracerebral haemorrhage: experimental studies using the endothelin antagonist SB209670

References

• Barone F C, White R F, Elliott J D, Feuerstein G Z, Ohlstein E H. The endothelin receptor antagonist SB 217242 reduces cerebral focal ischaemic brain injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1995; 26(Suppl 3)S404–S407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohlstein E H, Storer B L, Butcher J A, Debouck C, Feuerstein G. Platelets stimulate expression of endothelin mRNA and endothelin biosynthesis in cultured endothelial cells. Circ Res 1991; 69: 832–841
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuo Y, Mihara Si, Ninomiya M, Fujimoto M. Protective effect of endothelin type A receptor antagonist on brain edema and injury after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Stroke 2001; 32: 2143–2148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo A C, Chen A Y, Hung V K, et al. Endothelin-1 overexpression leads to further water accumulation and brain edema after middle cerebral artery occlusion via aquaporin 4 expression in astrocytic end-feet. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2005; 25: 998–1011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juvela S. Prevalence of risk factors in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Arch Neurol 1996; 53: 734–740
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jorgensen H S, Nakayama H, Raaschou H O, Gam J, Olsen T S. Silent infarction in acute stroke patients. Prevalence, localization, risk factors, and clinical significance: the Copenhagen Stroke Study. Stroke 1994; 25: 97–104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simandle S A, Erdos B, Snipes J A, Miller A W, Busija D W. Insulin resistance does not impair contractile responses of cerebral arteries. Life Sci 2005; 77: 2262–2272
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Verma S, Maitland A, Weisel R D, et al. Hyperglycemia exaggerates ischemia-reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte injury: reversal with endothelin antagonism. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002; 123: 1120–1124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fouyas I P, Kelly P A, Ritchie I M, Whittle I R. Cerebrovascular responsiveness to NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester in spontaneously diabetic rats. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 118: 243–248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fouyas I P, Kelly P A, Ritchie I M, Lammie G A, Whittle I R. Cerebrovascular responses to pathophysiological insult in diabetic rats. J Clin Neurosci 2003; 10: 88–91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ohlstein E H, Nambi P, Douglas S A, et al. SB 209670, a rationally designed potent nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 8052–8056
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fouyas I P, Kelly P A, Ritchie I, Whittle I R. Cerebrovascular effects of the endothelin antagonist SB209670 in diabetic and normal rats with intracerebral hematoma. J Cereb Blood Flow Metabol 1997; 17(Suppl. 1)S413
   Google Scholar
• Sakurada O, Kennedy C, Jehle J, et al. Measurement of local cerebral blood flow with iodo [14C] antipyrine. Am J Physiol 1978; 234: H59–H66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharkey J, Ritchie I M, Kelly P A. Perivascular microapplication of endothelin-1: a new model of focal cerebral ischaemia in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1993; 13: 865–871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barone F C, Globus M Y, Price W J, et al. Endothelin levels increase in rat focal and global ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1994; 14: 337–342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamauchi T, Ohnaka K, Takayanagi R, Umeda F, Nawata H. Enhanced secretion of endothelin-1 by elevated glucose levels from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. FEBS Lett 1990; 267: 16–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron N E, Dines K C, Cotter M A. The potential contribution of endothelin-1 to neurovascular abnormalities in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Diabetologia 1994; 37: 1209–1215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vazquez L A, Amado J A, Garcia-Unzueta M T, et al. Decreased plasma endothelin-1 levels in asymptomatic type I diabetic patients with regional cerebral hypoperfusion assessed by Spect. J Diabetes Complications 1999; 13(5 – 6)325–331
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang Y, Belayev L, Zhao W, et al. A selective endothelin ET(A) receptor antagonist, SB 234551, improves cerebral perfusion following permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Brain Res 2005; 1045: 150–156
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gupta Y K, Briyal S, Sharma U, Jagannathan N R, Gulati A. Effect of endothelin antagonist (TAK-044) on cerebral ischemic volume, oxidative stress markers and neurobehavioral parameters in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke in rats. Life Sci 2005; 77: 15–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu C Y. Criteria for valid preclinical trials using animal stroke models. Stroke 1993; 24: 633–636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasuma Y, McCarron R M, Strasser A, Spatz M. The role of ET receptors in post-ischemic cerebral hypoperfusion (Conference Abstract). Stroke 1997; 28: 258
   Google Scholar
• Awazu M, Parker R E, Harvie B R, Ichikawa I, Kon V. Down-regulation of endothelin-1 receptors by protein kinase C in streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1991; 17(Suppl 7)S500–S502
   Google Scholar
• de la Rubia G, Oliver F J, Inoguchi T, King G L. Induction of resistance to endothelin-1's biochemical actions by elevated glucose levels in retinal pericytes. Diabetes 1992; 41: 1533–1539
   PubMedGoogle Scholar