2,894
Views
61
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

The Modified Tardieu Scale for the measurement of elbow flexor spasticity in adult patients with hemiplegia

, , , &
Pages 1007-1012 | Received 28 May 2008, Accepted 06 Oct 2008, Published online: 03 Jul 2009

References

  • Ibuki A, Bernhardt J. What is spasticity? The discussion continues. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2007; 14: 391–395
  • Lance JW. Pathophysiology of spasticity and clinical experience with baclofen. Spasticity: Disordered motor control, JW Lance, RG Feldman, WP Koella. Year book, Chicago 1980; 185–204
  • Sommerfeld DK, Eek EU, Svensson AK, Holmqvist LW, von Arbin MH. Spasticity after stroke: Its occurrence and association with motor impairments and activity limitations. Stroke 2004; 35: 134–139
  • Rizzo MA, Hadjimichael OC, Preiningerova J, Vollmer TL. Prevalence and treatment of spasticity reported by multiple sclerosis patients. Multiple Sclerosis 2004; 10: 589–595
  • Watkins CL, Leathly MJ, Gregson JM, Moore AP, Smith TL, Sharma AK. Prevalence of spasticity post stroke. Clinical Rehabilitation 2002; 16: 515–522
  • Maynard FM, Karunas RS, Waring WP. Epidemiology of spasticity following traumatic spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1990; 71: 566–569
  • Nielsen JB, Crone C, Hultborn H. The spinal pathophysiology of spasticity—from a basic science point of view. Acta Physiologica (Oxford) 2007; 189: 171–180
  • Morris S. Ashworth and Tardieu scales: Their clinical relevance for measuring spasticity in adult and pediatric neurological populations. Physical Therapy Reviews 2002; 7: 53–62
  • Satkunam LE. Rehabilitation medicine: 3. Management of adult spasticity. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2003; 169: 1173–1179
  • Sheean G. The pathophysiology of spasticity. European Journal of Neurology 2002; 9(Suppl. 1)3–9
  • Chung SG, van Rey E, Bai Z, Rymer WZ, Roth EJ, Zhang LQ. Separate quantification of reflex and nonreflex components of spastic hypertonia in chronic hemiparesis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2008; 89: 700–710
  • Burridge JH, Wood DE, Hermens HJ, Voerman GE, Johnson GR, van Wijck F, Platz T, Gregoric M, Hitchcock R, Pandyan AD. Theoretical and methodological considerations in the measurement of spasticity. Disability and Rehabilitation 2005; 27: 69–80
  • O’Dwyer NJ, Ada L, Neilson PD. Spasticity and muscle contracture following stroke. Brain 1996; 119: 1737–1749
  • Thilmann AF, Fellows SJ, Ross HF. Biomechanical changes at the ankle joint after stroke. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1991; 54: 134–139
  • Francis HP, Wade DT, Turner-Stokes L, Kingswell RS, Dott CS, Coxon EA. Does reducing spasticity translate into functional benefit? An exploratory meta-analysis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2004; 75: 1547–1551
  • Barnes MP. Spasticity: A rehabilitation challenge in the elderly. Gerontology 2001; 47: 295–299
  • Ashworth B. Preliminary trial of carisoprodal in multiple sclerosis. Practitioner 1964; 192: 540–542
  • Bohannon RW, Smith MBO. Inter-rater reliability of a Modified Ashworth Scale of muscle spasticity. Physiotherapy 1987; 67: 206–207
  • Ansari NN, Naghdi S, Moammeri H, Jalaie S. Ashworth scales are unreliable for the assessment of muscle spasticity. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 2006; 22: 119–125
  • Pandyan AD, Price CIM, Barnes MP, Johnson GR. A biomechanical investigation into the validity of the Modified Ashworth Scale as a measure of elbow spasticity. Clinical Rehabilitation 2003; 17: 290–294
  • Pandyan AD, Price CIM, Rodgers H, Barnes MP, Johnson GR. Biomechanical examination of a commonly used measure of spasticity. Clinical Biomechanics 2001; 16: 859–865
  • Vattanasilp W, Ada L, Crosbie J. Contribution of thixotropy, spasticity and contracture to ankle stiffness after stroke. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2000; 69: 34–39
  • Pandyan AD, Johnson GR, Price CIM, Curless RH, Barnes MP, Rodgers H. A review of the properties and limitations of Ashworth and Modified Ashworth Scales as measures of spasticity. Clinical Rehabilitation 1999; 13: 373–383
  • Patrick E, Ada L. The Tardieu Scale differentiates contracture from spasticity whereas the Ashworth Scale is confounded by it. Clinical Rehabilitation 2006; 20: 173–182
  • Haugh AB, Pandyan AD, Johnson GR. A systematic review of the Tardieu scale for the measurement of spasticity. Disability and Rehabilitation 2006; 28: 899–907
  • Scholtes VAB, Becher JG, Beelen A, Lankhorst GJ. Clinical assessment of spasticity in children with spasticity: A critical review of available instruments. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2006; 48: 64–73
  • Boyd RN, Barwood SA, Ballieu CE, Graham HK. Validity of a clinical measure of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy in a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 1998; 40(suppl 78)7
  • Tardieu G, Shentoub S, Delarue R. A la recherche d’une technique de mesure de la spasticite. Revue Neurolique 1954; 91: 143–144
  • Held J, Peierrot-Deseilligny E. Reeducation motrice des avections neurologiques. Bailliere, Paris 1969
  • Boyd RN, Graham HK. Objective measurement of clinical findings in the use of botulinum toxin type A for the management of children with cerebral palsy. European Journal of Neurology 1999; 6(suppl. 4)S23–S35
  • Boyd RN, Ada L. Physiotherapy management of spasticity. Upper motor neurone syndrome and spasticity. Clinical management and Neurophysiology, MP Barnes, GR Johnson. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2001; 96–121
  • Mehrholz J, Wagner K, Meissner D, Grundmann K, Zange C, Koch R, Pohl M. Reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale and the Modified Ashworth Scale in adult patients with severe brain injury: A comparison study. Clinical Rehabilitation 2005; 19: 751–759
  • Fosang AL, Galea MP, McCoy AT, Reddihough DS, Story I. Measures of muscle and joint performance in the lower limb of children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2003; 45: 664–670
  • Mackey AH, Walt SE, Lobb G, Stott NS. Intraobserver reliability of the modified Tardieu scale in the upper limb of children with hemiplegia. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2004; 46: 267–272
  • Yam WKL, Leung MSM. Interrater reliability of Modified Ashworth Scale and Modified Tardieu Scale in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Journal of Child Neurology 2006; 21: 1031–1035
  • Gracies JM, Marosszeky JE, Renton R, Sandanam J, Gandevia SC, Burke D. Short term effects of dynamic lycra splints on upper limb in hemiplegic patients. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2000; 81: 1547–1555
  • Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion, a guide to goniometry2nd. F.A. Davis, Philadelphia 1995; 67–77
  • Feinstein AR. Clinimetrics. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT 1987
  • Mayer NH, Herman RM. Phenomenology of muscle overactivity in the upper motor neuron syndrome. Europa Medicophysica 2004; 40: 85–110
  • Katz RT, Rymer WZ. Spastic hypertonia: mechanisms and measurements. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1989; 70: 144–155
  • Kilgour G, McNair P, Stott NS. Intrarater reliability of lower limb sagittal range of motion measures in children with spastic diplegia. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2003; 45: 391–399

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.