Speech-language pathologists’ perspectives on cognitive communication assessment during post-traumatic amnesia

References

• Ponsford J, Janzen S, McIntyre A, Bayley M, Velikonja D, Tate R. INCOG Recommendations for management of cognition following traumatic brain injury, Part I: Posttraumatic amnesia/delirium. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2014;29:307–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists. Resource manual for commissioning and planning services for speech language and communication needs (SLCN): Brain injury. London, UK: RCSLT; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Evaluating and treating communication and cognitive disorders: Approaches to referral and collaboration for speech-language pathology and clinical neuropsychology [Technical Report]. USA: ASHA [Internet]. [cited 23 July 2015]. Available from http://www.asha.org/policy.
   Google Scholar
• Tate RL, Pfaff A, Baguley IJ, Marosszeky JE, Gurka JA, Hodgkinson AE, King C, Lane-Brown AT, Hanna J. A multicentre, randomised trial examining the effect of test procedures measuring emergence from post-traumatic amnesia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2006;77:841–849.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frith M, Togher L, Ferguson A, Levick W, Docking K. Assessment practices of speech-language pathologists for cognitive communication disorders following traumatic brain injury in adults: an international survey. Brain Injury 2014;28:1657–1666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duff MC, Proctor A, Haley K. Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI): assessment and treatment procedures used by speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Brain Injury 2002;16:773–787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogel AP, Maruff P, Morgan AT. Evaluation of communication assessment practices during the acute stages post stroke. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 2010;16:1183–1188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steel J, Ferguson A, Spencer E, Togher L. Speech pathologists’ current practice with cognitive-communication assessment during post-traumatic amnesia: a survey. Brain Injury 2013;27:819–830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank EM, Barrineau S. Current speech-language assessment protocols for adults with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology 1996;4:81–101.
   Google Scholar
• Frank EM, Redmond KE, Ruediger TL. Preparedness of educational speech language pathologists to provide services to students with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Children’s Communication Development 1997;18:49–63.
   Google Scholar
• Turkstra LS, Coelho C, Ylvisaker M. The use of standardized tests for individuals with cognitive-communication disorders. Seminars in Speech and Language 2005;26:215–22.
   Google Scholar
• Coelho CA, Ylvisaker M, Turkstra LS. Nonstandardized assessment approaches for individuals with traumatic brain injuries. Seminars in Speech and Language 2005;26:223–241.
   Google Scholar
• Turkstra L, Ylvisaker M, Coelho C, Kennedy M, Sohlberg MM, Avery J, Yorkston K. Practice guidelines for standardized assessment for persons with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology 2005;13:ix–xxviii.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Togher L, Wiseman-Hakes C, Douglas J, Stergiou-Kita M, Ponsford J, Teasell R, Bayley M, Turkstra LS. INCOG recommendations for management of cognition following traumatic brain injury, Part IV: cognitive communication. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2014;29:353–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marosszeky NEV, Ryan L, Shores EA, Batchelor J, Marosszeky JE. The PTA Protocol: guidelines for using the Westmead Post-Traumatic Amnesia (PTA) Scale. Sydney: Wild & Woolley; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Levin HS, O’Donnell VM, Grossman RG. The Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test. A practical scale to assess cognition after head injury. Journal Of Nervous And Mental Disease 1979;167:675–684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks DN, Aughton ME, Bond MR, Jones P, Rizvi S. Cognitive sequelae in relationship to early indices of severity of brain damage after severe blunt head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 1980;43:529–534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakase-Richardson R, Yablon SA, Sherer M. Prospective comparison of acute confusion severity with duration of post-traumatic amnesia in predicting employment outcome after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2007;78:872–876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishara SN, Partridge FM, Godfrey HPD, Knight RG. Post-traumatic amnesia and Glasgow Coma Scale related to outcome in survivors in a consecutive series of patients with severe closed-head injury. Brain Injury 1992;6:373–380.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Russell WR, Smith A. Post-traumatic amnesia in closed head injury. Archives of Neurology 1961;5:4–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherer M, Sander AM, Nick TG, High WM, Malec JF, Rosenthal M. Early cognitive status and productivity outcome after traumatic brain injury: findings from the TBI Model Systems. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002;83:183–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willmott C, G. S, Ponsford JL. Predictors of productivity outcomes for secondary and tertiary students following traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 2015; 29:929–936.
   Google Scholar
• Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. The Lancet 1974;304:81–84.
   Google Scholar
• Tate RL, Pfaff A. Problems and pitfalls in the assessment of post-traumatic amnesia. Brain Impairment 2000;1:116–129.
   Google Scholar
• Weir N, Doig EJ, Fleming JM, Wiemers A, Zemljic C. Objective and behavioural assessment of the emergence from post-traumatic amnesia (PTA). Brain Injury 2006;20:927–935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanks RA, Millis SR, Ricker JH, Giacino JT, Nakese-Richardson R, Frol AB, Novack TA, Kalmar K, Sherer M, Gordon WA. The predictive validity of a brief inpatient neuropsychologic battery for persons with traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2008;89:950–957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin HS. Neurobehavioral consequences of closed head injury. Oxford (NY): Oxford University Press; 1982.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed S, Bierley R, Sheikh JI, Date ES. Post-traumatic amnesia after closed head injury: a review of the literature and some suggestions for further research. Brain Injury 2000;14:765–780.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nott MT, Chapparo C, Baguley IJ. Agitation following traumatic brain injury: an Australian sample. Brain Injury 2006;20:1175–1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrigan JD, Mysiw WJ, Gribble MW, Chock SKL. Agitation, cognition and attention during post-traumatic amnesia. Brain Injury 1992;6:155–160.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marshman LAG, Jakabek D, Hennessy M, Quirk F, Guazzo EP. Post-traumatic amnesia. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 2013;20:1475–1481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherer M, Yablon SA, Nakase-Richardson R. Patterns of recovery of posttraumatic confusional state in neurorehabilitation admissions after traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2009;90:1749–1754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Symonds CP. Mental disorder following head injury. London, UK: Royal Society of Medicine; 1937. p 1081–1094.
   Google Scholar
• Steel J, Ferguson A, Spencer E, Togher L. Language and cognitive communication during post-traumatic amnesia: a critical synthesis. NeuroRehabilitation 2015;37:221–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagen C, Malkmus D, Durham P. Rancho levels of cognitive functioning. Downey (CA): Rancho Los Amigos Medical Centre, Adult Brain Injury Service; 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Heilman KM, Safran A, Geschwind N. Closed head trauma and aphasia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 1971;34:265–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groher M. Language and memory disorders following closed head trauma. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 1977;20:212–223.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakase-Richardson R, Yablon SA, Sherer M, Evans CC, Nick TG. Serial yes/no reliability after traumatic brain injury: implications regarding the operational criteria for emergence from the minimally conscious state. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2008;79:216–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeBlanc J, de Guise E, Champoux M-C, Couturier C, Lamoureux J, Marcoux J, Maleki M, Feyz M. Acute evaluation of conversational discourse skills in traumatic brain injury. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 2014;0:1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Thomsen IV. Evaluation and outcome of aphasia in patients with severe closed head trauma. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 1975;38:713–718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks N, McKinlay W, Symington C, Beattie A, Campsie L. Return to work within the first seven years of severe head injury. Brain Injury 1987;1:5–19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Struchen MA, Pappadis MR, Sander AM, Burrows CaS, Myszka KA. Examining the contribution of social communication abilities and affective/behavioral functioning to social integration outcomes for adults with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2011;26:30–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponsford J, Downing M, Olver J, Ponsford M, Acher R, Carty M, Spitz G. Longitudinal follow-up of patients with traumatic brain injury: Outcome at 2, 5, and 10-years post-injury. Journal of Neurotrauma 2014;31:64–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy MR, DeRuyter F. Cognitive and language bases for communication disorders. In: Beukelman DR, Yorkston KM, editors. Communication disorders following traumatic brain injury: management of cognitive, language and motor impairments. Austin (TX): Pro-Ed; 1991. p 124–190.
   Google Scholar
• Lammi MH, Smith VH, Tate RL, Taylor CM. The minimally conscious state and recovery potential: a follow-up study 2 to 5 years after traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005;86:746–754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith VH, Taylor CM, Lammi MH, Tate RL. Recovery profiles of cognitive-sensory modalities in patients in the minimally conscious state following traumatic brain injury. Brain Impairment 2001;2:29–38.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor CM, Aird VH, Tate RL, Lammi MH. Sequence of recovery during the course of emergence from the minimally conscious state. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2007;88:521–525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansell BJ, Keenan JE. The Western Neuro Sensory Stimulation Profile: a tool for assessing slow-to-recover head-injured patients. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1989;70:104–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiel A, Wilson BA, McLellan L, Watson M, Horn S. Wessex Head Injury Matrix (WHIM). Bury St Edmonds, Suffolk: Thames Valley Test Company; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Seel RT, Sherer M, Whyte J, Katz DI, Giacino JT, Rosenbaum AM, Hammond FM, Kalmar K, Pape TL-B, Zafonte R, et al. Assessment scales for disorders of consciousness: evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice and research. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2010;91:1795–1813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakase-Thompson R, Manning E, Sherer M, Yablon S, Gontkovsky S, Vickery C. Brief assessment of severe language impairments: Initial validation of the Mississippi aphasia screening test. Brain Injury; 2005;19:685–691.
   Google Scholar
• Snow P, Ponsford J. Assessing and managing disorders of consciousness following TBI. In: Ponsford J, Sloan S, Snow P, editors. Traumatic brain injury: rehabilitation for everyday adaptive living. 2nd ed. Hove: Pyschology Press; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• O’Halloran R, Worrall L, Hickson L. Development of a measure of communication activity for the acute hospital setting: Part 1. Rationale and preliminary findings. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology 2007;15:39–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blyth T, Scott A, Bond A, Paul E. A comparison of two assessments of high level cognitive communication disorders in mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 2012;26:234–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambier J, Atherton M. General membership survey: Speech Pathology Association of Australia, 2003. Melbourne, Australia: The Speech Pathology Association of Australia Limited.
   Google Scholar
• QSR International Pty Ltd. NVivo qualitative data analysis software (Version 9). Doncaster, Victoria: QSR International Pty Ltd; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell JW. Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage Publications; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Kertesz A. The Western Aphasia Battery. 1st ed. San Antonio (TX): The Psychological Corporation; 1982.
   Google Scholar
• Christie J, Clark W, Mortensen L. Mt Wilga High Level Language Test. Sydney: Mt Wilga Rehabilitation Centre; 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Willinck L. Caulfield Language for Cognition Screening Assessment. Caulfield: Caulfield General Medical Centre, Speech Pathology Department; 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Helm-Estabrooks N. Cognitive Linguistic Quick Test (CLQT). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Ellmo WJ, Graser J, Krchnavek B, Hauck K, Calabrese D. Measure of Cognitive-Linguistic Abilities (MCLA). Vero Beach (FL): The Speech Bin; 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Adamovich B, Henderson J. Scales of Cognitive Ability for Traumatic Brain Injury (SCATBI). Austin (TX): Pro-Ed; 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Benton AL, Hamsher dSK, Sivan AB. Controlled Oral Word Association Test Multilingual aphasia examination. 2nd ed. Iowa City (IA): AJA Associates; 1983.
   Google Scholar
• MacDonald S. Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies (FAVRES). Guelph (ON): CCD Publishing; 2005. Available from http://www.iccdpublishing.com.
   Google Scholar
• Holland AL. Communicative Abilities in Daily Living (CADL). Baltimore (MD): University Park Press; 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Goodglass H, Kaplan E. Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE). Philadelphia (PA): Lea and Febiger; 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Douglas JM, Bracy CA, Snow PC. Exploring the factor structure of the La Trobe Communication Questionnaire: insights into the nature of communication deficits following traumatic brain injury. Aphasiology 2007;21:1181–1194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randolph C, Tierney MC, Mohr E, Chase TN. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS): preliminary clinical validity. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 1998;20:310–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babcock H, Levy L. The measurement of efficiency of mental functioning (revised examination): test and manual of directions. Chicago (IL): C. H. Stoelting; 1940.
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan E, Goodglass H, Weintraub S. Boston Naming Test. Philadelphia (PA): Lea & Febiger; 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Wiig EH, Secord W. Test of Language Competence - Expanded edition (TLC-E). New York: Psychological Corporation; 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Kay J, Lesser R, Coltheart M. Psycholinguistic assessments of language processing in aphasia. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Baddeley A, Emslie H, Nimmo-Smith I. Speed and Capacity of Language Processing Test (SCOLP). Suffolk, England: Thames Valley Test Company; 1992.
   Google Scholar
• McDonald S, Pearce S. The ‘dice’ game: a new test of pragmatic language skills after closed-head injury. Brain Injury 1995;9:255–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turkstra L, Ylvisaker M, Coelho C, Kennedy M, Moore Sohlberg M, Avery J, Yorkston K. Practice guidelines for standardized assessment for persons with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology 2005;13:ix–xxviii.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carney N, Chesnut RM, Maynard H, Mann C, N., Patterson P, Helfand M. Effect of cognitive rehabilitation on outcomes for persons with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1999;14:277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherer M, Giacino JT, Doiron MJ, LaRussa A, Taylor SR. Bedside evaluations. In: Sherer M, Sander AM, editors. Handbook on the neuropsychology of traumatic brain injury. Clinical Handbooks in Neuropsychology. New York (NY): Springer. 2014. p 49–75.
   Google Scholar
• Hagen C. Language disorders in head trauma. In: Holland A, editor. Language disorders in adults. San Diego (CA): College Hill Press; 1984. p 245–281.
   Google Scholar
• Turkstra L, Ylvisaker M, Coelho C, Kennedy M, Moore Sohlberg M, Avery J, Yorkston K. Standardized assessment for persons with traumatic brain injury: technical report. Academy of Neurologic Communication Disorders and Sciences (ANCDS); 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Salter K, Jutai J, Foley N, Hellings C, Teasell R. Identification of aphasia post stroke: a review of screening assessment tools. Brain Injury 2006;20:559–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakase-Thompson R, Manning E, Sherer M, Yablon SA, Gontkovsky SLT, Vickery C. Brief assessment of severe language impairments: initial validation of the Mississippi aphasia screening test. Brain Injury 2005;19:685–691.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Togher L, McDonald S, Coelho C, Byom L. Cognitive communication disability following TBI. In: McDonald S, Togher L, Code C, editors. Social and communication disorders following traumatic brain injury. 2nd ed. Hove: Psychology Press; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Snow PC, Douglas JM. Conceptual and methodological challenges in discourse assessment with TBI speakers: towards an understanding. Brain Injury 2000;14:397–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesketh A, Long A, Patchick E, Lee J, Bowen A. The reliability of rating conversation as a measure of functional communication following stroke. Aphasiology 2008;22:970–984.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfaff A. Resolution of post-traumatic amnesia. Sydney: Macquarie University; 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Leach K, Kinsella G, Jackson M, Matyas T. Recovery of components of memory in post-traumatic amnesia. Brain Injury 2006;20:1241–1249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snow P. Communication competence following TBI: assessment and management. In: Ponsford J, Sloan S, Snow P, editors. Traumatic brain injury: rehabilitation for adaptive everyday living. 2nd ed. Hove: Pyschology Press; 2013. p 133–163.
   Google Scholar
• College of Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists of Ontario (CASLPO). Preferred practice guideline for cognitive-communication disorders. Ontario: CASLPO; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Hagen C. Language disorders in head trauma. In: Holland A, editor. Language disorders in adults. San Diego (CA): College Hill Press; 1984. p 245–281.
   Google Scholar