1,826
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Fear avoidance and return to work after mild traumatic brain injury

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , , ORCID Icon, , & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 541-550 | Received 20 May 2022, Accepted 11 Feb 2023, Published online: 22 Feb 2023

References

  • Cancelliere C, Kristman V, Cassidy J, Hincapié C, Côté P, Boyle E, Carroll LJ, Stålnacke B-M, Nygren-de Boussard C, Borg J, et al. Systematic review of return to work after mild traumatic brain injury: results of the international collaboration on mild traumatic brain injury prognosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;95(3 Suppl 2):S201–S9. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2013.10.010.
  • Graff H, Deleu N, Christiansen P, Rytter H. Facilitators of and barriers to return to work after mild traumatic brain injury: a thematic analysis. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2021;31(9):1349–73. doi:10.1080/09602011.2020.1778489.
  • Cancelliere C, Donovan J, Stochkendahl M, Biscardi M, Ammendolia C, Myburgh C, Cassidy JD. Factors affecting return to work after injury or illness: best evidence synthesis of systematic reviews. Chiropract Manual Ther. 2016;24(1):32. doi:10.1186/s12998-016-0113-z.
  • Bloom B, Thomas S, Ahrensberg J, Weaver R, Fowler A, Bestwick J, Harris T, Pearse R. A systematic review and meta- analysis of return to work after mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury. 2018;32(13–14):1623–36. doi:10.1080/02699052.2018.1532111.
  • Theadom A, Barker-Collo S, Jones K, Kahan M, Te Ao B, McPherson K, Starkey N, Feigin V, Feigin V, Theadom A, et al. Work limitations 4 years after mild traumatic brain injury: a cohort study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;98:1560–66.
  • de Koning M, Scheenen M, van der Horn H, Timmerman M, Hageman G, Roks G, Spikman JM, van der Naalt J. Prediction of work resumption and sustainability up to 1 year after mild traumatic brain injury. Neurology. 2017;89:1908–14.
  • Chu S, Tsai Y, Xiao S, Huang S, Yang C. Quality of return to work in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: a prospective investigation of associations among post-concussion symptoms, neuropsychological functions, working status and stability. Brain Injury. 2017;31(12):1674–82. doi:10.1080/02699052.2017.1332783.
  • Frostad Liaset I, Loras H. Perceived factors in return to work after acquired brain injury: a qualitative meta-synthesis. Scand J Occup Ther. 2016;23(6):446–57. doi:10.3109/11038128.2016.1152294.
  • Gamboa AJ, Holland G, Tierney J, Gibson D. American Community Survey: earnings and employment for persons with traumatic brain injury. NeuroRehabilitation. 2006;21(4):327–33. doi:10.3233/NRE-2006-21407.
  • Waljas M, Iverson G, Lange R, Liimatainen S, Hartikainen K, Dastidar P, Soimakallio S, Öhman J. Return to work following mild traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2014;29(5):443–50. doi:10.1097/HTR.0000000000000002.
  • Kahan M, Jones K, Balalla S, McPherson K, Stedman E, Feigin V. Return to pre-injury work following mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Impairment. 2018;19(2):153–65. doi:10.1017/BrImp.2018.7.
  • Waljas M, Iverson G, Lange R, Hakulinen U, Dastidar P, Huhtala H, Liimatainen S, Hartikainen K, Öhman J. A prospective biopsychosocial study of the persistent post-concussion symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2015;32:534–47.
  • Stulemeijer M, van der Werf S, Borm G, Voc P. Early prediction of favourable recovery 6 months after mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008;79:936–42. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.131250.
  • Broshek D, De Marco A, Freeman J. A review of post-concussion syndrome and psychological factors associated with concussion. Brain Injury. 2015;29(2):228–37. doi:10.3109/02699052.2014.974674.
  • Snell D, Hay-Smith E, Surgenor L, Siegert R. Examination of outcome after mild traumatic brain injury: the contribution of injury beliefs and Leventhal’s common sense model. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2013;23(3):333–62. doi:10.1080/09658211.2012.758419.
  • Mallya S, Sutherland J, Pongracic S, Mainland B, Ornstein T. The manifestation of anxiety disorders after traumatic brain injury: a review. J Neurotrauma. 2015;32:411–21. doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3504.
  • Faulkner J, Snell D, Theadom A, Mahon S, Barker-Collo S. The role of psychological flexibility in recovery following mild traumatic brain injury. Rehabil Psychol. 2021;66(4):479–90. doi:10.1037/rep0000406.
  • Silverberg N, Panenka W, Iverson G. Fear avoidance and clinical outcomes from mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2018;35:1864–73. doi:10.1089/neu.2018.5662.
  • Wijenberg M, Stapert S, Verbunt J, Ponsford J, Van Heugten C. Does the fear avoidance model explain persistent symptoms after traumatic brain injury? Brain Injury. 2017;31(12):1597–604. doi:10.1080/02699052.2017.1366551.
  • Zale E, Ditre J. Pain-related fear, disability, and the fear avoidance model of chronic pain. Curr Opin Psychol. 2015;1(5):24–30. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.03.014.
  • Cairncross M, Debert C, Hunt C, Bayley M, Comper P, Chandra T, Silverberg ND. Normative data for the fear avoidance behavior after traumatic brain injury questionnaire in a clinical sample of adults with mild TBI. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2021;36(5):E355–E62. doi:10.1097/HTR.0000000000000669.
  • Cassetta B, Cairncross M, Brasher P, Panenka W, Silverberg N. Avoidance and endurance coping after mild traumatic brain injury are associated with disability outcomes. Rehabil Psychol. 2021;66(2):160–69. doi:10.1037/rep0000372.
  • Krypotos A-M, Effting M, Kindt M, Beckers T. Avoidance learning: a review of theoretical models and recent developments. Front Behav Neurosci. 2015;9(189). doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00189.
  • Leeuw M, Goossens ME, Linton SJ, Crombez G, Boersma K, Vlaeyen JW. The fear-avoidance model of musculoskeletal pain: current state of scientific evidence. J Behav Med. 2007;30(1):77–94. doi:10.1007/s10865-006-9085-0.
  • Silverberg N, Iverson G, Panenka W. Cogniphobia in mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2017;34(13):2141–46. doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4719.
  • Suhr J, Spickard B. Pain-related fear is associated with cognitive task avoidance: exploration of the cogniphobia construct in a recurrent headache sample. Clin Neuropsychol. 2012;26(7):1128–41. doi:10.1080/13854046.2012.713121.
  • Silverberg N, Cairncross M, Brasher P, Vranceanu A, Snell D, Yeates K. Feasibility of concussion rehabilitation approaches tailored to psychological coping styles: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2021;28. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2021.12.005.
  • Silverberg N, Iaccarino M, Panenka W, Iverson G, McCulloch K, Dams-O’Connor K, Reed N, McCrea M, Cogan AM, Park Graf MJ, et al. Management of concussion and mild traumatic brain injury: a synthesis of practice guidelines. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;101(2):382–93. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2019.10.179.
  • Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation. Guideline for concussion/mild traumatic brain injury and prolonged symptoms: 3rd Edition (for Adults 18+ years of age). Ontario, Canada: Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation,; 2018.
  • Silverberg N, Otamendi T. Advice to rest for more than 2 days after mild traumatic brain injury is associated with delayed return to productivity: a case-control study. Front Neurol. 2019;10:362. doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00362.
  • Harris P, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde J. Research electronic data capture (REDCap) - a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42(2):377–81. doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010.
  • Holm L, Cassidy J, Carroll L, Borg J. Summary of the WHO collaborating centre for neurotrauma task force on mild traumatic brain injury. J Rehabil Med. 2005;37(3):137–41. doi:10.1080/16501970510027321.
  • King N, Crawford S, Wenden F, Moss N, Wade D. The rivermead post concussion symptoms questionnaire: a measure of symptoms commonly experienced after head injury and its reliability. J Neurol. 1995;242:587–92. doi:10.1007/BF00868811.
  • Balalla S, Krägeloh C, Medvedev O, Siegert R. Is the rivermead post-concussion symptoms questionnaire a reliable and valid measure to assess long-term symptoms in traumatic brain injury and orthopedic injury patients? A novel investigation using rasch analysis. Neurotrauma Rep. 2020;1(1):63–72. doi:10.1089/neur.2020.0017.
  • Snell D, Siegert R, Debert C, Cairncross M, Silverberg N. Evaluation of the fear avoidance behavior after traumatic brain injury questionnaire. J Neurotrauma. 2020;37(13):1566–73. doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6729.
  • Lovibond S, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behav Res Ther. 1995;33(3):335–43. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U.
  • Ownsworth T, Little T, Turner B, Hawkes A, Shum D. Assessing emotional status following acquired brain injury: the clinical potential of the depression, anxiety and stress scales. Brain Injury. 2008;22(11):858–69. doi:10.1080/02699050802446697.
  • Zanon C, Brenner R, Baptista M, Vogel D, Rubin M, Al-Darmaki F, Gonçalves M, Heath PJ, Liao H-Y, Mackenzie CS, et al. Examining the dimensionality, reliability, and invariance of the depression, anxiety, and stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) across eight countries. Assessment. 2021;28(6):1531–44. doi:10.1177/1073191119887449.
  • IBM Corp. IBM SPSS statistics for MacIntosh. VA, NY: IBM Corp; 2020.
  • Vandenbroucke J, von Elm E, Altman D, Gøtzsche P, Mulrow C, Pocock S, Poole C, Schlesselman JJ, Egger M. Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2007;4(10):1628–54. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040297.
  • Silverberg N, Gardner A, Brubacher J, Panenka W, Li Jun J, Iverson G. Systematic review of multivariable prognostic models for mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2015;32(8):517–26. doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3600.
  • Geman A. Scaling regression inputs by dividing by two standard deviations. Stat Med. 2008;27:2865–73. doi:10.1002/sim.3107.
  • Giavarina D. Understanding Bland Altman Analysis. Biochemia Medica. 2015;25(2):141–51. doi:10.11613/BM.2015.015.
  • Silverberg N, Panenka W, Iverson G. Work productivity loss after mild traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;99:250–56. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2017.07.006.
  • Hofmann S. Cognitive processes during fear acquisition and extinction in animals and humans: implications for exposure therapy of anxiety disorders. Clin Psychol Rev. 2008;28(2):199–210. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.04.009.
  • Whiting D, Deane F, Simpson G, McLeod H, Ciarrochi J. Cognitive and psychological flexibility after a traumatic brain injury and the implications for treatment in acceptance-based therapies: a conceptual review. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2017;27(2):263–99. doi:10.1080/09602011.2015.1062115.
  • Kashdan T, Rottenberg J. Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010;30(7):865–78. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.001.
  • Gourdeau J, Fingold A, Colantonio A, Mansfield E, Stergiou-Kita M. Workplace accommodations following work-related traumatic brain injury: what works? Disabil Rehabil. 2020;42(4):552–61. doi:10.1080/09638288.2018.1503733.
  • Trost Z, Parsons T. Beyond distraction: virtual reality graded exposure therapy as treatment for pain-related fear and disability in chronic pain. J Appl Biobehav Res. 2014;19:106–26. doi:10.1111/jabr.12021.
  • Scheenen M, Visser-Keizer A, van der Naalt J, Spikman J. Description of an early cognitive behavioral intervention (UPFRONT-intervention) following mild traumatic brain injury to prevent persistent complaints and facilitate return to work. Clin Rehabil. 2017;31(8):1019–29. doi:10.1177/0269215516687101.
  • Hayes S, Strosahl K, Wilson K. Acceptance and commitment therapy: the process and practice of mindful change (2nd Edition). 2nd ed. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2012.
  • Whiting D, Deane F, McLeod H, Ciarrochi J, Simpson G. Can acceptance and commitment therapy facilitate psychological adjustment after a severe traumatic brain injury? A pilot randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2020;30(7):1348–71. doi:10.1080/09602011.2019.1583582.
  • Cancelliere C, Verville L, Stubbs J, Yu H, Hincapié C, Cassidy J. Post-concussion symptoms and disability in adults with mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurotrauma. 2022. doi:10.1089/neu.2022.0185.
  • Lam R, Michalak E, Yatham L. A new clinical rating scale for work absence and productivity: validation in patients with major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2009;9:78–85. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-9-78.
  • Snell D, Surgenor L, Hay-Smith E, Williman J, Siegert R. The contribution of psychological factors to recovery after mild traumatic brain injury: is cluster analysis a useful approach? Brain Injury. 2015;29(3):291–99. doi:10.3109/02699052.2014.976594.
  • Whittaker R, Kemp S, House A. Illness perceptions in mild head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78(6):644–46. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.101105.
  • Mansfield E, Stergiou-Kita M, Cassidy J, Bayley M, Mantis S, Kristman V, Kirsh B, Gomez M, Jeschke MG, Vartanian O, et al. Return-to- work challenges following a work-related mild TBI: the injured worker perspective. Brain Injury. 2015;29:1362–69.