704
Views
143
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Mini Review

Understanding and Analyzing Meibomian Lipids—A Review

, &
Pages 405-420 | Received 07 Dec 2007, Accepted 25 Feb 2008, Published online: 02 Jul 2009

REFERENCES

  • McDonald J E. Surface phenomena of tear films. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1968; 66: 905–939
  • McDonald J E. Surface phenomena of tear films. Am J Ophthalmol. 1969; 67: 56–64
  • Guillon J-P. Tear film photography and contact lens wear. J Br Contact Lens Assoc. 1982; 5: 84–87
  • Bron A J, Tiffany J M, Gouveia S M, et al. Functional aspects of the tear film lipid layer. Exp Eye Res. 2004; 78: 347–360
  • Tiffany J M. The lipid secretion of the meibomian glands. Advances in Lipid Research. Academic Press, New York/London 1987; 1–62
  • Tiffany J M. Physiological functions of the meibomian glands. Prog Retinal Res. 1995; 14: 47–74
  • Wolff E. The muco-cutaneous junction of the lid margin and the distribution of the tear fluid. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. 1946; 66: 291–308
  • Wolff E. The Anatomy of the Eye and Orbit, 4th ed. H.K. Lewis and Co, London 1954; 49
  • Robin J B, Jester J V, Nobe J, Nicolaides N, Smith R E. In vivo transillumination biomicroscopy and photography of meibomian gland dysfunction. Ophthalmology. 1985; 92: 1423–1426
  • Olami Y, Zajicek G, Cogan M, et al. Turnover and migration of meibomian gland cells in rats' eyelids. Ophthalmic Res. 2001; 33: 170–175
  • Bron A J, Tiffany J M. Meibomian gland and tear film lipids: Structure, function and control. Tear Film and Dry Eye Syndromes, Sullivan. Plenum, New York 1998; Vol. 2: 281–295
  • Chew C KS, Hykin P G, Jansweijer C, et al. The casual level of meibomian lipids in humans. Curr Eye Res. 1993; 12: 255–259
  • Korb D K, Baron D F, Herman J P, et al. Tear film lipid layer thickness as a function of blinking. Cornea. 1994; 13: 354–359
  • Seifert P, Spitznas M. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) innervation of the human eyelid glands. Exp Eye Res 1999; 68: 685–692
  • Cowlen M S, Zhang V Z, Warnock L, et al. Localization of ocular P2Y2 receptor gene expression by in situ hybridization. Exp Eye Res. 2003; 77: 77–84
  • Kellogg R. The history of whales—Their adaptation to life in the water (concluded). Quart Rev Biol 1928; 3: 174–208
  • Young N M, Dawson W W. The ocular secretions of the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus. Mar Mammal Sci. 1992; 8: 57–68
  • Quay WB. The meibomian glands of voles and lemmings (Microtinae). Misc Publ Museum Zool. University of Michigan. 1954; 82: 5–17
  • Payne A P. The harderian gland: A tercentennial review. J Anat. 1994; 185: 1–49
  • Millar T J, Pearson M L. The effects of dietary and pharmacological manipulation on lipid production in the meibomian and harderian glands of the rabbit. Adv Exp Med Biol 2002; 506: 431–440
  • Fahy E, Subramaniam S, Brown H A, et al. A comprehensive classification system for lipids. J Lipid Res. 2005; 46: 839–861
  • Tiffany J M, Marsden R G. The meibomian lipids of the rabbit. II. Detailed composition of the principal esters. Exp Eye Res 1982; 34: 601–608
  • Nicolaides N, Kaitaranta J K, Rawdah T N, et al. Meibomian gland studies: Comparison of steer and human lipids. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1981; 20: 522–536
  • Butovich I A, Luk'yanova S M, Reddy C C. Oxidation of linoleyl alcohol by potato tuber lipoxygenase: Kinetics and positional, stereo, and geometrical (cis, trans) specificity of the reaction. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2000; 378: 65–77
  • Butovich I A, Luk'yanova S M, Reddy C C. Enzyme-catalyzed and enzyme-triggered pathways in dioxygenation of 1-monolinoleoyl-rac-glycerol by potato tuber lipoxygenase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001; 1546: 379–398
  • van Haeringen N J, Glasius E. Cholesterol in human tear fluid. Exp Eye Res 1975; 20: 271–274
  • Duerden J M, Tiffany J M. Lipid sintesis in vitro by rabbit meibomian gland tissue and its inhibition by tetracycline. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1990; 1042: 13–18
  • Shirra F, Richards S M, Sullivan D A. Androgen influence on cholesterogenic enzyme mRNA levels in the mouse meibomian gland. Curr Eye Res 2007; 32: 393–398
  • Dougherty J M, McCulley J P. Bacterial lipases and chronic blepharitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1986; 27: 486–491
  • Dougherty J M, McCulley J P, Silvany R E, Meyer D R. The role of tetracycline in chronic blepharitis: Inhibition of lipase production in Staphylococci. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1991; 32: 2970–2975
  • Shine W E, McCulley J P, Pandya A G. Minocycline effect on meibomian gland lipids in meibomianitis patients. Exp Eye Res 2003; 76: 417–420
  • Nichols K K, Ham B M, Nichols J J, et al. Identification of fatty acids and fatty acid amides in human meibomian gland secretions. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007; 48: 34–39
  • Linton R G, Curnow D H, Riley W J. The meibomian glands: An investigation into the secretion and some aspects of the physiology. Br J Ophthalmol 1961; 45: 718–723
  • Borchman D, Foulks G N, Yappert M C, et al. Spectroscopic evaluation of human tear lipids. Chem Phys Lipids. 2007; 147: 87–102
  • Cory C C, Hinks W, Burton J L, Shuster S. Meibomian gland secretion in the red eyes of rosacea. Br J Dermatol. 1973; 89: 25–27
  • Millar T J, Tragoulias S T, Anderton P J, et al. The surface activity of purified ocular mucin at the air-liquid interface and interactions with meibomian lipids. Cornea 2006; 25: 91–100
  • Butovich I A, Uchiyama E, Di Pascuale M A, McCulley J P. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometric analysis of lipids present in human meibomian gland secretions. Lipids 2007; 42: 765–776
  • Butovich I A, Uchiyama E, McCulley J P. Lipids of human meibum: Mass spectrometric analysis and structural elucidation. J Lipid Res. 2007; 48: 2220–2235
  • McMahon A, Butovich I A, Mata N L, et al. Retinal pathology and skin barrier defect in mice carrying a Stargardt disease-3 mutation in elongase of very long chain fatty acids-4. Mol Vis. 2007; 13: 258–272
  • Greiner J V, Glonek T, Korb D R, Leahy C D. Meibomian gland phospholipids. Curr Eye Res. 1996; 15: 371–375
  • Nicolaides N. Skin lipids. II. Lipid class composition of samples from various species and anatomical sites. J Am Oil Chem Soc 1965; 42: 691–702
  • Tiffany J M. Individual variations in human meibomian lipids. Exp Eye Res 1978; 27: 289–300
  • http://www.avantilipids.com/storageandhandlingoflipids.html Avanti Web site, (accessed December 2007)
  • Harvey D J. Identification by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols from hamster meibomian glands using picolinyl and nicotinate derivatives. Biomed Chromatogr 1989; 3: 251–254
  • Shine W E, McCulley J P. The role of cholesterol in chronic blepharitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1991; 32: 2272–2280
  • Shine W E, McCulley J P. Role of wax ester fatty alcohols in chronic blepharitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1993; 34: 3515–3521
  • Ehlers N. The precorneal film. Biomicroscopical, histological, and chemical investigations. Acta Ophthalmol. 1965; 1–134, Suppl. 81
  • Andrews J S. Human tear film lipids I. Composition of the principal non-polar component. Exp Eye Res 1970; 10: 223–227
  • McCulley J P, Shine W. A compositional based model for the tear film lipid layer. Trans Am Ophth Soc 1997; 45: 79–93
  • Mathers W D, Lane J A. Meibomian gland lipids, evaporation, and tear film stability. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1998; 438: 349–360
  • Shine W E, McCulley J P. Association of meibum oleic acid with meibomian seborrhea. Cornea 2000; 19: 72–74
  • Sullivan B D, Evans J E, Cermak J M, et al. Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome. Effect on human meibomian gland secretions. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002; 120: 1689–1699
  • Greiner J V, Glonek T, Korb D R, Leahy C D. Phospholipids in meibomian gland secretion. Ophthalmic Res. 1996; 28: 44–49
  • Sullivan B D, Evans J E, Krenzer K L, et al. Impact of anti-androgen treatment on the fatty acid profile of neutral lipids in human meibomian gland secretions. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 4866–4873
  • Ham B M, Cole R B, Jacob J T. Identification and comparison of the polar phospholipids in normal and dry eye rabbit tears by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47: 3330–3338
  • Brügger B, Erben G, Sandhoff R, et al. Quantitative analysis of biological membrane lipids at the low picomole level by nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 1997; 94: 2339–2344
  • Wollensak G, Mur E, Mayr A, et al. Effective methods for the investigation of human tear film proteins and lipids. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1990; 228: 78–82
  • Stuchell R N, Slomiany B L, Joswiak Z, et al. Lipid composition of human tears. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci (ARVO Abstracts) 1984; 25: 320
  • Ham B M, Jacob J T, Keese M M, Cole R B. Identification, quantification, and comparison of major non-polar lipids in normal and dry eye tear lipidomes by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectr 2004; 39: 1321–1336
  • Ham B M, Jacob J T, Cole R B. MALDI-TOF MS of phosphorylated lipids in biological fluids using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and a solid ionic crystal matrix. Anal Chem 2005; 77: 4439–4447
  • Borchman D, Foulks G N, Yappert M C, Ho D V. Temperature-induced conformational changes in human tear lipids hydrocarbon chains. Biopolymers 2007; 87: 124–133
  • Shine W E, McCulley J P. Meibomianitis: Polar lipid abnormalities. Cornea 2004; 23: 781–783
  • Shine W E, McCulley J P. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca associated with meibomian secretion polar lipid abnormality. Arch Ophthalmol 1998; 116: 849–852
  • Sullivan B D, Evans J E, Dana M R, Sullivan D A. Influence of aging on the polar and neutral lipid profiles in human meibomian gland secretions. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006; 124: 1286–1292
  • Shine W E, McCulley J P. Polar lipids in human meibomian gland secretions. Curr Eye Res 2003; 26: 89–94
  • Butovich I A. On the presence of oleamide in human meibum: Quantification by LC/MS. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Lett. 2007, http://www.iovs.org/cgi/eletters/48/1/34
  • Tragoulias S T, Anderton P J, Dennis G R, et al. Surface pressure measurements of human tears and individual tear film components indicate that proteins are major contributors to the surface pressure. Cornea. 2005; 24: 189–200
  • Miano F, Calcara M, Millar T J, Enea V. Insertion of tear proteins into a meibomian lipids film. Coll Surf B. 2005; 44: 49–55
  • Nagymihályi A, Dikstein S, Tiffany J M. The influence of eyelid temperature on the delivery of meibomian oil. Exp Eye Res 2004; 78: 367–370
  • Bräuer L, Johl M, Paulsen F P, et al. Detection and localization of the hydrophobic surfactant proteins B and C in human tear fluid and the human lacrimal system. Curr Eye Res. 2007; 32: 931–938
  • Bräuer L, Kindler C, Jäger K, et al. Detection of surfactant proteins A and D in human tear fluid and the human lacrimal system. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007; 48: 3945–3953
  • Gasymov O K, Abduragimov A R, Yusifov T N, Glasgow B J. Structural changes in human tear lipocalins associated with lipid binding. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998; 1386: 145–156
  • Glasgow B J, Marshall G, Gasymov O K, et al. Tear lipocalins: Potential lipid scavengers for the corneal surface. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999; 40: 3100–3107
  • Gasymov O K, Abduragimov A R, Prasher P, et al. Tear lipocalin: Evidence for a scavenging function to remove lipids from the human corneal surface. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46: 3589–3596
  • Nagyova B, Tiffany J M. Components responsible for the surface tension of human tears. Curr Eye Res 1999; 19: 4–11
  • Saaren-Seppälä H, Jauhiainen M, Tervo T MT, et al. Interaction of purified tear lipocalin with lipid membranes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005; 46: 3649–3656
  • Gouveia S M, Tiffany J M. Human tear viscosity: An interactive role for proteins and lipids. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005; 1753: 155–163
  • Jauhianen M, Setala N L, Ehnholm C, et al. Phospholipid transfer protein is present in human tear fluid. Biochemistry. 2005; 44: 8111–8116
  • Nashida H I, Nashida T. Phospholipid transfer protein mediates transfer of not only phosphatidylcholine but also cholesterol from phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol vesicles to high density lipoproteins. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 6959–6964
  • Tsai P S, Evans J E, Green K M, et al. Proteomic analysis of human meibomian gland secretions. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006; 90: 372–377
  • Spurr-Michaud S, Argueso P. Gipson I. Assay of mucins in human tear fluid. Exp Eye Res 2007; 84: 939–950
  • Holly F J. Formation and rupture of the tear film. Exp Eye Res 1973; 15: 515–525
  • Pintor J, Peral A, Pelaez T, et al. Presence of diadenosine polyphosphates in the aqueous humor: Their effect on intraocular pressure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002; 304: 342–348
  • Pintor J, Bautista A, Carracedo G, Peral A. UTP and diadenosine tetraphosphate accelerate wound healing in the rabbit cornea. Ophthal Physiol Opt 2004; 24: 186–193
  • Pintor J, Peral A, Hoyle C HV. Effects of diadenosine polyphosphates on tear secretion in New Zealand white rabbits. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 300: 1–7
  • Peral A, Carracedo G, Acosta M C, et al. Increased levels of diadenosine polyphosphates in dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006; 47: 4053–4058
  • Nicolaides N, Santos E C, Smith R E, Jester J V. Meibomian gland dysfunction III. Meibomian gland lipids. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1989; 30: 946–951

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.