Toxic equivalency factor approach for risk assessment of combustion by‐products

References

• Pitea , D. , Bonati , L. , Cosentino , U. , Lasagni , M. and Moro , G. 1989 . Toxicol. Environ. Chem , 22 : 239
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) . 1980 . Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons , Washington, D.C. : Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Criteria and Standards Division . EPA 440/5–80–069
   Google Scholar
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) . 1984 . Health Effects Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) , Cincinnati, Ohio : Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office . EPA 540/1–86–013
   Google Scholar
• Safe , S. , Hutzinger , O. and Hill , T. A. 1990 . PCDDs and PCDFs. Polychlorinated Dibenzo‐p dioxins and ‐furans (PCDDs/PCDFs): Sources and Environmental Impact, Epidemiology, Mechanism of Action, Health Risks , Environmental Toxin Series Vol. 3 , Heidelberg, , Germany : Springer Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Safe , S. 1990 . C. R .C. Crit. Rev. Toxicol , 21 : 51
   Google Scholar
• Safe , S. 1991 . Environ. Carcin. Ecotox. Reviews , 9 : 261
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santodonato , J. , Howard , P. and Basu , D. 1981 . Health and Ecological Assessment of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons , Edited by: Lee , S. D. and Grant , L. 1 – 176 . Park Forest South, Illinois : Pathotox Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Hites , R. A. , LaFlamme , R. E. and Farrington , J. W. 1977 . Science , 198 : 829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olie , K. , Vermeulen , P. L. and Hutzinger , O. 1977 . Chemosphere , 6 : 455
   Google Scholar
• Karasek , F.W. and Dickson , L.C. 1987 . Science , 237 : 754
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benfenati , E. , Mariani , G. , Fanelli , R. and Zuccotti , S. 1991 . Chemosphere , 22 : 1045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kocan , A. , Petrik , J. and Chovancova , J. 1991 . Chemosphere , 23 : 1473
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiernan , T. O. , Wagel , D. J. , Vanness , G. F. , Garrett , J. H. , Solch , J. G. and Harden , L. A. 1989 . Chemosphere , 19 : 541
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eitzer , B. D. and Hites , R. A. 1989 . Environ. Sci. Technol , 23 : 1389
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reischl , A. , Reissinger , M. and Hutzinger , O. 1987 . Chemosphere , 16 : 2647
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reischl , A. , Reissinger , M. , Thoma , H. and Hutzinger , O. 1989 . Chemosphere , 18 : 561
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacci , E. , Calamari , D. , Gaggi , C. , Biney , C. , Focardi , S. and Morosini , M. 1988 . Chemosphere , 17 : 693
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franzaring , J. , Bierl , R. and Ruthsatz , B. 1992 . Chemosphere , 25 : 827
   Google Scholar
• DeLeon , I. R. , Ferrario , J. B. and Byrne , C. J. 1988 . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol , 41 : 872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn , B. P. and Stich , H. F. 1976 . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol , 15 : 398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safe , S. 1986 . Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol , 26 : 371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) . 1988 . Pilot Study on International Information Exchange on Dioxins and Related Compounds. International Toxicity Equivalency Factor (I‐TEF) Method of Risk Assessment for Complex Mixtures of Dioxins and Related Compounds , Report 176 Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society .
   Google Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency . 1991 . Workshop Report on Toxicity Equivalency Factors for Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners , Risk Assessment Forum EPA/625/3–91/020
   Google Scholar
• Safe , S. 1984 . C. R. C. Crit. Rev. Toxicol , 13 : 319
   Google Scholar
• Safe , S. 1994 . C. R. C. Crit. Rev. Toxicol , 24 : 87
   Google Scholar
• Tanabe , S. , Kannan , N. , Subramanian , A. , Watanabe , S. and Tatsukawa , R. 1987 . Environ. Pollution , 47 : 147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , D. and Safe , S. 1989 . Toxicol. Lett , 48 : 35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dipple , A. C. , Moschel , R. C. and Bigger , C. H. 1984 . Chemical Carcinogens , A.C.S. Monograph 182 Edited by: Searle , E. 41 – 163 . Washington, D. C. : American Chemical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Pelkonen , O. and Nebert , D. W. 1982 . Pharmacol. Rev , 34 : 189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelboin , H. V. 1980 . Physiol. Rev , 60 : 1107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmahl , D. , Schmidt , K. G. and Habs , M. 1977 . Air Pollution and Cancer in Man , Edited by: Mohr , U. , Schmahl , D. and Tomatis , L. 53 – 59 . Lyon, , France : World Health Organization . IARC Publication No. 16
   Google Scholar
• Pfeiffer , E. H. 1977 . Air Pollution and Cancer in Man , Edited by: Mohr , V. , Schmahl , D. and Tomatis , L. Lyon, , France : World Health Organization . IARC Scientific Publication 16
   Google Scholar
• Warshawsky , D. , Barkley , W. and Bingham , E. 1993 . Fund. Appl. Toxicol , 20 : 376
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thorslund , T. W. , Charnley , G. and Anderson , E. L. 1986 . Innovative Use of Toxicological Data to Improve Cost‐Effectiveness of Waste Cleanup . Presented at Superfund ‘86: Management of Uncontrolled Waste Sites . December 1–3 1986 , Washington, D. C.. 1986
   Google Scholar
• Chu , M. M. L. and Chen , C. W. Evaluation and Estimation of Potential Carcinogenic Risks of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons . Presented at the Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Workplace, Pacific Rim Risk Conference . Honolulu, HI.
   Google Scholar
• I. C. F. Clement Associates . 1988 . Comparative Potency Approach for Estimating the Cancer Risk Associated with Exposure to Mixtures of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons , Interim Final Report Prepared for EPA under Contract 68–02–4403 Fairfax, VA : ICF‐Clement Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Nisbet , I. C. T. and LaGoy , P. K. 1992 . Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol , 16 : 290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar