What do spore particles look like - use of real-time measurements and holography imaging to view spore particles from four bioaerosol generators

References

• Alsved, M., L. Bourouiba, C. Duchaine, J. Löndahl, L. C. Marr, S. T. Parker, A. J. Prussin, II, and R. J. Thomas. 2020. Natural sources and experimental generation of bioaerosols: Challenges and perspectives. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 54 (5):547–71. doi: 10.1080/02786826.2019.1682509.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bensch, K., J. Z. Groenewald, J. Dijksterhuis, M. Starink-Willemse, B. Andersen, B. A. Summerell, H.-D. Shin, F. M. Dugan, H.-J. Schroers, U. Braun, et al. 2010. Species and ecological diversity within the Cladosporium cladosporioide s complex (Davidiellaceae, Capnodiales). Stud. Mycol. 67:1–94. doi: 10.3114/sim.2010.67.01.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, J. S., T. Gordon, O. Price, and B. Asgharian. 2013. Thoracic and respirable particle definitions for human health risk assessment. Part. Fibre Toxicol. 10 (1):12. doi: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buters, J., B. Clot, C. Galán, R. Gehrig, S. Gilge, F. Hentges, D. O’Connor, B. Sikoparija, C. Skjoth, F. Tummon, et al. 2022. Automatic detection of airborne pollen: An overview. Aerobiologia. doi: 10.1007/s10453-022-09750-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CEN (European committee for standardization), TC 137, Technical committee Assessment of workplace Exposure, WG5, Work group Measurement of biological Agents. 2021. EN14583:2020 - Workplace exposure - Volumetric bioaerosol sampling devices - General requirements for evaluation of performance and use.
   Google Scholar
• Danelli, S. G., M. Brunoldi, D. Massabò, F. Parodi, V. Vernocchi, and P. Prati. 2021. Comparative characterization of bio-aerosol nebulizers in connection to atmospheric simulation chambers. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 14 (6):4461–70. doi: 10.5194/amt-14-4461-2021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dannemiller, K. C., N. Lang-Yona, N. Yamamoto, Y. Rudich, and J. Peccia. 2014. Combining real-time PCR and next-generation DNA sequencing to provide quantitative comparisons of fungal aerosol populations. Atmos. Environ. 84:113–21. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dellinger, L. 2020. Bioaerosol generators- characteristics, impact on organisms and areas of application. Bachelor Thesis, Austrian Biotech University of applied sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Douwes, J., P. Thorne, N. Pearce, and D. Heederik. 2003. Bioaerosol health effects and exposure assessment: Progress and prospects. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 47 (3):187–200. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/meg032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Druzhinina, I. S., M. Komoń-Zelazowska, L. Kredics, L. Hatvani, Z. Antal, T. Belayneh, and C. P. Kubicek. 2008. Alternative reproductive strategies of Hypocrea orientalis and genetically close but clonal Trichoderma longibrachiatum, both capable of causing invasive mycoses of humans. Microbiology (Reading) 154 (Pt 11):3447–59. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.2008/021196-0.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Erb, S., A. Berne, N. Burgdorfer, B. Clot, M.-J. Graber, G. Lieberherr, C. Sallin, F. Tummon, and B. Crouzy. 2023. Automatic real-time monitoring of fungal spores: The case of Alternaria spp. Aerobiologia. doi: 10.1007/s10453-023-09780-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission - Enterprise and industry directorate-genal. 2008. Volume4: EU Guidelines to Good Manufacturing Practice, Medical Products for Human and Veterinary Use - Annex 1 Manufacture of Sterile Medicinal Products. EudraLex - The Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the European Union, 1–16.
   Google Scholar
• Finlay, W. H. 2021. Deposition of aerosls in the lungs: Particle characteristics. J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv. 34 (4):213–6. doi: 10.1089/jamp.2021.29040.whf.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh, B., H. Lal, and A. Srivastava. 2015. Review of bioaerosols in indoor environment with special reference to sampling, analysis and control mechanisms. Environ. Int. 85:254–72. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Górny, R. L., T. Reponen, K. Willeke, D. Schmechel, E. Robine, M. Boissier, and S. A. Grinshpun. 2002. Fungal fragments as indoor air biocontaminants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68 (7):3522–31. doi: 10.1128/AEM.68.7.3522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnbjörnsdottir, M. I., D. Norbäck, P. Plaschke, E. Norrman, E. Björnsson, and C. Janson. 2003. The relationship between indicators of building dampness and respiratory health in young Swedish adults. Respir. Med. 97 (4):302–7. doi: 10.1053/rmed.2002.1389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasegawa, N., S. Yamasaki, and Y. Horiguchi. 2011. A study of bacterial culturability during bioaerosol challenge test using a test chamber. J. Aerosol Sci. 42 (6):397–407. doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2011.02.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatvani, L., M. Homa, K. Chenthamara, F. Cai, S. Kocsubé, L. Atanasova, E. Mlinaric-Missoni, P. Manikandan, R. Revathi, I. Dóczi, et al. 2019. Agricultural systems as potential sources of emerging human mycoses caused by Trichoderma: a successful, common phylotype of Trichoderma longibrachiatum in the frontline. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 366 (21):1–13. doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnz246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heo, K. J., H. B. Kim, and B. U. Lee. 2014. Concentration of environmental fungal and bacterial bioaerosols during the monsoon season. J. Aerosol Sci. 77:31–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2014.07.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirst, J. M. 1952. An automatic volumetric spore trap. Ann. Appl. Biol. 39 (2):257–65. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1952.tb00904.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huffman, J. A., A. E. Perring, N. J. Savage, B. Clot, B. Crouzy, F. Tummon, O. Shoshanim, B. Damit, J. Schneider, V. Sivaprakasam, et al. 2020. Real-time sensing of bioaerosols: Review and current perspectives. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 54 (5):465–95. doi: 10.1080/02786826.2019.1664724.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, J. H., C. Ho Lee, J. Eun Lee, J. Hyun Lee, S. Soo Kim, and B. U. Lee. 2009. Design and characterization of a fungal bioaerosol generator using multi-orifice air jets and a rotating substrate. J. Aerosol Sci. 40 (1):72–80. doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.09.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, K., E. Kabir, and S. A. Jahan. 2018. Airborne bioaerosols and their impact on human health. J. Environ. Sci. (China) 67:23–35. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.08.027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konlechner, A., S. Goller, M. Gorfer, L. Mölter, and J. Strauss. 2013. Evaluierung einer Prüfkammer für Bioaerosolsammelsysteme. Gefahrstoffe - Reinhaltung Der Luft 73 (11/12):471–6.
   Google Scholar
• Lazaridis, M. 2023. Modelling approaches to particle deposition and clearance in the human respiratory tract. Air Qual. Atmos. Health 16 (10):1989–2002. doi: 10.1007/s11869-023-01386-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. H., G. B. Hwang, J. H. Jung, D. H. Lee, and B. U. Lee. 2010. Generation characteristics of fungal spore and fragment bioaerosols by airflow control over fungal cultures. J. Aerosol Sci. 41 (3):319–25. doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.11.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebers, V., M. Raulf-Heimsoth, and T. Brüning. 2008. Health effects due to endotoxin inhalation (review). Arch. Toxicol. 82 (4):203–10. doi: 10.1007/s00204-008-0290-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X., D. Liu, and J. Yao. 2022. Aerosolization of fungal spores in indoor environments. Sci. Total Environ. 820:153003. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M., D. Wilkinson, and K. Patchigolla. 2005. Comparison of particle size distributions measured using different techniques. Particulate Sci. Technol. 23 (3):265–84. doi: 10.1080/02726350590955912.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Löndahl, J. 2014. Bioaerosol detection technologies, bioaerosol detection technologies. Edited by P. Jonsson, G. Olofsson, and T. Tjärnhage. New York, NY: Springer New York (Integrated Analytical Systems). doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5582-1.
   Google Scholar
• Löndahl, J., O. Nerbrink, N. Burman, T. Tjärnhage, C. Von Wachenfeldt, and U. Gosewinkel Karlson. 2012. Methods for generation of bioaerosol. In Nordic Aerosol Conference, NOSA, November 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Madsen, A. M., S. T. Larsen, I. K. Koponen, K. I. Kling, A. Barooni, D. G. Karottki, K. Tendal, and P. Wolkoff. 2016. Generation and characterization of indoor fungal aerosols for inhalation studies. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 82 (8):2479–93. doi: 10.1128/AEM.04063-15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mainelis, G., D. Berry, H. Reoun An, M. Yao, K. DeVoe, D. E. Fennell, and R. Jaeger. 2005. Design and performance of a single-pass bubbling bioaerosol generator. Atmos. Environ. 39 (19):3521–33. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.02.043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masotti, F., S. Cattaneo, M. Stuknytė, and I. De Noni. 2019. Airborne contamination in the food industry : An update on monitoring and disinfection techniques of air. Trends in Food Sci. Technol. 90 (June):147–56. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.06.006.
   Google Scholar
• McCartney, H. A. 1994. Dispersal of spores and pollen from crops. Grana 33 (2):76–80. doi: 10.1080/00173139409427835.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudarri, D., and W. J. Fisk. 2007. Public health and economic impact of dampness and mold. Indoor Air. 17 (3):226–35. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00474.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oteros, J., E. Bartusel, F. Alessandrini, A. Núñez, D. A. Moreno, H. Behrendt, C. Schmidt-Weber, C. Traidl-Hoffmann, and J. Buters. 2019. Artemisia pollen is the main vector for airborne endotoxin. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 143 (1):369–77.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan, Y.-L. 2015. Detection and characterization of biological and other organic-carbon aerosol particles in atmosphere using fluorescence. J. Quantitative Spectrosc. Radiative Transfer. 150:12–35. doi: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.06.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piedra, P., A. Kalume, E. Zubko, D. Mackowski, Y.-L. Pan, and G. Videen. 2019. Particle-shape classification using light scattering: An exercise in deep learning. J. Quantitative Spectrosc. Radiative Transfer. 231:140–56. doi: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.04.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pogner, C., A. Konlechner, V. Unterwurzacher, A. Kolk, M. Hinker, L. Mölter, J. Strauss, M. Gorfer, and S. Strauss-Goller. 2019. A novel laminar-flow-based bioaerosol test system to determine biological sampling efficiencies of bioaerosol samplers. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 53 (4):355–70. doi: 10.1080/02786826.2018.1562151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reponen, T., S. A. Grinshpun, K. L. Conwell, J. Wiest, and M. Anderson. 2001. Aerodynamic versus physical size of spores: Measurement and implication for respiratory deposition. Grana 40 (3):119–25. doi: 10.1080/00173130152625851.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuels, G. J., A. Ismaiel, T. B. Mulaw, G. Szakacs, I. S. Druzhinina, C. P. Kubicek, and W. M. Jaklitsch. 2012. The longibrachiatum clade of trichoderma: a revision with new species. Fungal Divers. 55 (1):77–108. doi: 10.1007/s13225-012-0152-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauvageat, E., Y. Zeder, K. Auderset, B. Calpini, B. Clot, B. Crouzy, T. Konzelmann, G. Lieberherr, F. Tummon, K. Vasilatou, et al. 2020. Real-time pollen monitoring using digital holography. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 13 (3):1539–50. doi: 10.5194/amt-13-1539-2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheermeyer, E., and I. E. Agranovski. 2009. Design and evaluation of a new device for fungal spore aerosolization for laboratory applications. J. Aerosol Sci. 40 (10):879–89. doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.06.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharpe, R. A., N. Bearman, C. R. Thornton, K. Husk, and N. J. Osborne. 2013. Indoor fungal diversity and asthma: A meta-analysis and systematic review of risk factors. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 135 (1):110–22. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sierra-Vargas, M. P., and L. M. Teran. 2012. Air pollution : Impact and prevention. Respirology 17 (7):1031–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02213.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon, X., and P. Duquenne. 2013. Feasibility of generating peaks of bioaerosols for laboratory experiments. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 13 (3):877–86. doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2012.12.0340.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soler, Z. M., and R. J. Schlosser. 2012. The role of fungi in diseases of the nose and sinuses. Am. J. Rhinol. Allergy. 26 (5):351–8. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2012.26.3807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockwell, R. E., E. L. Ballard, P. O'Rourke, L. D. Knibbs, L. Morawska, and S. C. Bell. 2019. Indoor hospital air and the impact of ventilation on bioaerosols : a systematic review. J. Hosp. Infect. 103 (2):175–84. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.06.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theisinger, S. M., O. De Smidt, and J. F. R. Lues. 2021. Categorisation of culturable bioaerosols in a fruit juice manufacturing facility. PLoS One. 16 (4):e0242969. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242969.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thrane, U., S. B. Poulsen, H. I. Nirenberg, and E. Lieckfeldt. 2001. Identication of Trichoderma strains by image analysis of HPLC chromatograms. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 203 (2):249–55. doi: 10.1016/S0378-1097(01)00361-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tummon, F., S. Adamov, B. Clot, B. Crouzy, M. Gysel-Beer, S. Kawashima, G. Lieberherr, J. Manzano, E. Markey, A. Moallemi, et al. 2021. A first evaluation of multiple automatic pollen monitors run in parallel. Aerobiologia. doi: 10.1007/s10453-021-09729-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unterwurzacher, V., C. Pogner, H. Berger, J. Strauss, S. Strauss-Goller, and M. Gorfer. 2018. Validation of a quantitative PCR based detection system for indoor mold exposure assessment in bioaerosols. Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts. 20 (10):1454–68. doi: 10.1039/C8EM00253C.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Walt, S., J. L. Schönberger, J. Nunez-Iglesias, F. Boulogne, J. D. Warner, N. Yager, E. Gouillart, and T. Yu, Scikit-Image Contributors. 2014. scikit-image: image processing in Python. Peer J 2 (e453):e453. doi: 10.7717/peerj.453.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Viegas, C., T. Faria, M. dos Santos, E. Carolino, A. Q. Gomes, R. Sabino, and S. Viegas. 2015. Fungal burden in waste industry: an occupational risk to be solved. Environ. Monit. Assess. 187 (4):199. doi: 10.1007/s10661-015-4412-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walser-Reichenbach, S. M., J. Buters, R. Gorny, D. J. J. Heederik, S. Heinze, A. M. Madsen, H. Niculita-Hirzel, D. Nowak, E. Pieckova, M. Plaza, et al. 2020. Bioaerosol Expert Forum. GrdL. 80 (11–12):435–6. doi: 10.1186/s12948.
   Google Scholar
• Yamamoto, N., K. Bibby, J. Qian, D. Hospodsky, H. Rismani-Yazdi, W. W. Nazaroff, and J. Peccia. 2012. Particle-size distributions and seasonal diversity of allergenic and pathogenic fungi in outdoor air. Isme J. 6 (10):1801–11. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2012.30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhen, H., T. Han, D. E. Fennell, and G. Mainelis. 2014. A systematic comparison of four bioaerosol generators: Affect on culturability and cell membrane integrity when aerosolizing Escherichia coli bacteria. J. Aerosol Sci. 70:67–79. doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2014.01.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar