435
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Relations between local councillors and executive boards: conceptualisations, explanations and empirical evidence from the Netherlands

ORCID Icon
Received 29 Mar 2023, Accepted 24 Apr 2024, Published online: 04 May 2024

References

  • Andeweg, R. B. 1992. “Executive-Legislative Relations in the Netherlands: Consecutive and Coexisting Patterns.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 17 (2): 161–182. https://doi.org/10.2307/440056.
  • Andeweg, R. B. 1997. “Role Specialisation or Role Switching? Dutch MPs Between Electorate and Executive.” The Journal of Legislative Studies 3 (1): 110–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/13572339708420502.
  • Andeweg, R. B., and L. Nijzink. 1995. “Beyond the Two-Body Image: Relations Between Ministers and MPs.” In Parliaments and Majority Rule in Western Europe, edited by H. Döring, 152–178. Frankfurt: Campus.
  • Ashworth, R., and S. Snape. 2004. “An Overview of Scrutiny: A Triumph of Context Over Structure.” Local Government Studies 30 (4): 538–556. https://doi.org/10.1080/0300393042000318987.
  • Bäck, H. 2003. “Explaining and Predicting Coalition Outcomes: Conclusions from Studying Data on Local Coalitions.” European Journal of Political Research 42 (4): 441–472. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00092.
  • Bäck, H. 2005. “The Institutional Setting of Local Political Leadership and Community Involvement.” In Urban Governance and Democracy: Leadership and Community Involvement, edited by M. Haus, H. Heinelt, and M. Stewart, 65–101. London: Routledge.
  • Baglioni, S., B. Denters, L. Morales, and A. Vetter. 2007. “City Size and the Nature of Associational Ecologies.” In Social Capital and Associations in European Democracies: A Comparative Analysis, edited by W. A. Maloney and S. Roßteutscher, 224–43. 16. London: Routledge.
  • Barnes, T. D. 2016. Gendering Legislative Behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Boogaard, G. 2015. “Van afspiegelingscolleges naar procescolleges: Decentrale coalitievorming in 2014.” Tijdschrift voor Constitutioneel Recht 6 (4): 330–344. https://doi.org/10.5553/TvCR/187966642015006004001.
  • Boogers, M. 2023. “Lokalo’s in de gemeenteraad: Doen ze het anders?” Bestuurswetenschappen 77 (1): 12–18. https://doi.org/10.5553/Bw/016571942023077001003.
  • Castenmiller, P., and K. Peters. 2018. ‘Wel aan het hoofd, maar niet de baas: De verhouding tussen raad en college in de praktijk’. In De Gemeenteraad: Ontstaan en ontwikkeling van de lokale democratie, edited by H. Vollaard, G. Boogaard, J. Van den Berg, and J. Cohen, 207-223. Amsterdam: Boom Uitgevers.
  • Cole, M. 2001. “Local Government Modernisation: The Executive and Scrutiny Model.” The Political Quarterly 72 (2): 239–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.00362.
  • Copus, C. 2004. Party Politics and Local Government. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Copus, C. 2008. “English Councillors and Mayoral Governance: Developing a New Dynamic for Political Accountability.” The Political Quarterly 79 (4): 590–604. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923X.2008.00961.x.
  • Copus, C. 2016. In Defence of Councillors. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Copus, C., and G. Erlingsson. 2012. “Parties in Local Government: A Review.” Representation 48 (2): 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2012.683489.
  • Dahl, R. A., and E. R. Tufte. 1973. Size and Democracy. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Damgaard, E. 2000. “Parliament and Government.” In Beyond Westminster and Congress: The Nordic Experience, edited by P. Esaiasson and K. Heidar, 265–280. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.
  • Debus, M., and M. Gross. 2016. “Coalition Formation at the Local Level: Institutional Constraints, Party Policy Conflict, and Office-Seeking Political Parties.” Party Politics 22 (6): 835–846. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068815576292.
  • De Groot, M. S., B. Denters, and P.-J. Klok. 2010. “Strengthening the Councillor as a Representative and Scrutiniser: The Effects of Institutional Change on Councillors’ Role Orientations in the Netherlands.” Local Government Studies 36 (3): 401–423. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003931003730469.
  • Denters, B. 2006. “Duo or Duel? The Relations Between Mayors and Councils in Democratic Local Government.” In The European Mayor: Political Leaders in the Changing Context of Local Democracy, edited by H. Bäck, H. Heinelt, and A. Magnier, 271–285. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90005-6_12.
  • Denters, B. 2023. “Lokale en niet-lokale raadsleden: Verschillen en overeenkomsten in stijl en focus van representatie.” Bestuurswetenschappen 77 (1): 19–35. https://doi.org/10.5553/Bw/016571942023077001004.
  • Denters, B., and H. M. De Jong. 1992. Tussen burger en bestuur: Een empirisch onderzoek naar de positie van het raadslid in de Overijsselse gemeenten. Enschede: Twente University - CBOO.
  • Denters, B., M. J. F. Goldsmith, A. Ladner, P. E. Mouritzen, and L. E. Rose. 2014. Size and Local Democracy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Denters, B., H. Van der Kolk, E. Birkenhager, H. M. De Jong, A. M. Loots, and R. M. Noppe. 2000. “Aan het hoofd der gemeente staat…: Een onderzoek naar de werking van het formele gemeentelijke bestuursmodel ten behoeve van de Staatscommissie Dualisme en lokale democratie.” In Dualisme en lokale democratie, edited by Staatscommissie Dualisme en lokale democratie, 143–227. Alphen aan den Rijn: Samsom.
  • Denters, B., H. Van der Kolk, and P.-J. Klok. 2005. “The Reform of the Political Executive in Dutch Local Government.” In Transforming Political Leadership in Local Government, edited by R. Berg and N. Rao, 15–28. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • De Vet, B., and R. Devroe. 2023. “Gender and Strategic Opposition Behavior: Patterns of Parliamentary Oversight in Belgium.” Politics & Governance 11 (1): 97–107. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v11i1.6135.
  • De Vries, M. S. 2008. “Stability Despite Reforms: Structural Asymmetries in Dutch Local Policy Networks.” Local Government Studies 34 (2): 221–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930701852286.
  • De Winter, L. 2004. “Government Declarations and Law Production.” In Patterns of Parliamentary Behavior: Passage of Legislation Across Western Europe, edited by H. Döring and M. Hallerberg, 35–56. London: Routledge.
  • Egner, B., and H. Heinelt. 2008. “Explaining the Differences in the Role of Councils: An Analysis Based on a Survey of Mayors.” Local Government Studies 34 (4): 529–544. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930802217504.
  • Gross, M. 2023. “Determinants of Government Membership at the Subnational Level: Empirical Evidence from Large Cities in Germany (1999–2016).” Government and Opposition 58 (1): 145–161. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2021.41.
  • Gross, M., and S. Krauss. 2021. “Topic Coverage of Coalition Agreements in Multi-Level Settings: The Case of Germany.” German Politics 30 (2): 227–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644008.2019.1658077.
  • Haselbacher, M., and H. Segarra. 2022. “Politics of Adjustment: Rural Mayors and the Accommodation of Refugees.” Territory, Politics, Governance 10 (3): 346–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2021.1934101.
  • Indridason, I. H., and G. H. Kristinsson. 2013. “Making Words Count: Coalition Agreements and Cabinet Management.” European Journal of Political Research 52 (6): 822–846. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12022.
  • Karsten, N., L. Schaap, and F. Hendriks. 2014. “Krachtig en kwetsbaar: De Nederlandse burgemeester en de staat van een hybride ambt.” Bestuurswetenschappen 68 (3): 48–67. https://doi.org/10.5553/Bw/016571942014068003004.
  • Karsten, N., and S. Zuydam. 2019. “Hoeder van de raad of functie zonder inhoud? Een beschouwing op het vicevoorzitterschap van de gemeenteraad.” Bestuurswetenschappen 73 (3): 3. https://doi.org/10.5553/Bw/016571942019073003003.
  • King, A. 1976. “Modes of Executive-Legislative Relations: Great Britain, France, and West Germany.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 1 (1): 11–36. https://doi.org/10.2307/439626.
  • Klok, P.-J., and B. Denters. 2013. “The Roles Councillors Play.” In Local Councillors in Europe, edited by B. Egner, D. Sweeting, and P.-J. Klok, 63–83. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
  • Laakso, M., and R. Taagepera. 1979. ““Effective” Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe.” Comparative Political Studies 12 (1): 3–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/001041407901200101.
  • Leach, S., and C. Copus. 2004. “Scrutiny and the Political Party Group in UK Local Government: New Models of Behaviour.” Public Administration 82 (2): 331–354. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-3298.2004.00397.x.
  • March, J. G., and J. P. Olsen. 1989. Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics. New York, N.Y./London: The Free Press/Collier MacMillan.
  • Mouritzen, P. E., and J. H. Svara. 2002. Leadership at the Apex: Politicians and Administrators in Western Local Governments. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
  • Müller, W. C. 1993. “Executive-Legislative Relations in Austria: 1945–1992.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 18 (4): 467–494. https://doi.org/10.2307/439851.
  • Müller, W. C., and K. Strøm. 2008. “Coalition Agreements and Cabinet Governance.” In Cabinets and Coalition Bargaining: The Democratic Life Cycle in Western Europe, edited by K. Strøm, W. C. Müller, and T. Bergman, 159–199. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Navarro, C., D. Karlsson, J. Magre, and I. Reinholde. 2018. “Mayors in the Town Hall: Patterns of Relations and Conflict Among Municipal Actors.” In Political Leaders and Changing Local Democracy: The European Mayor, edited by H. Heinelt, A. Magnier, M. Cabria, and H. Reynaert, 359–385. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Otjes, S. P., M. A. M. Nagtzaam, and R. L. van Well. 2023. “Scrutiny and Policymaking in Local Councils: How Parties Use Council Tools.” Local Government Studies 49 (5): 1110–1134. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2022.2123799.
  • Peters, K., and P. Castenmiller. 2020. “Kaderstellen en controleren door de gemeenteraad: Een zware opgave.” Bestuurswetenschappen 74 (2): 10–33. https://doi.org/10.5553/Bw/016571942020074002003.
  • Plüss, L. 2013. “Urban Governance and Its Impact on the Role Perception and Behaviour of European City Councillors.” Local Government Studies 39 (5): 721–737. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2012.670750.
  • Plüss, L., and D. Kübler. 2013. “Coordinating Community Governance? Local Councillors in Different Governance Network Arrangements.” In Local Councillors in Europe, edited by B. Egner, D. Sweeting, and P.-J. Klok, 203–219. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
  • Poljak, Ž. 2022. “The Role of Gender in Parliamentary Attacks and Incivility.” Politics & Governance 10 (4): 286–298. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v10i4.5718.
  • Razin, E. 2013. “Councillors and Their Parties.” In Local Councillors in Europe, edited by B. Egner, D. Sweeting, and P.-J. Klok, 51–62. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
  • Russell, M., and P. Cowley. 2018. “Modes of UK Executive–Legislative Relations Revisited.” The Political Quarterly 89 (1): 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12463.
  • Saalfeld, T. 1990. “The West German Bundestag After 40 Years: The Role of Parliament in a “Party Democracy”.” West European Politics 13 (3): 68–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402389008424807.
  • Saalfeld, T. 2000. “Members of Parliament and Governments in Western Europe: Agency Relations and Problems of Oversight.” European Journal of Political Research 37 (3): 353–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00517.
  • Schaap, L. ’. 2019. Lokaal bestuur. 8th ed. Dordrecht: Convoy Uitgevers BV.
  • Searing, D. D. 1994. Westminster’s World: Understanding Political Roles. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Serritzlew, S., A. Skjæveland, and J. Blom-Hansen. 2008. “Explaining Oversized Coalitions: Empirical Evidence from Local Governments.” The Journal of Legislative Studies 14 (4): 421–450. https://doi.org/10.1080/13572330802442774.
  • Sweeting, D. 2009. “The Institutions of “Strong” Local Political Leadership in Spain.” Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 27 (4): 698–712. https://doi.org/10.1068/c08114.
  • Timmermans, A., and C. Moury. 2006. “Coalition Governance in Belgium and the Netherlands: Rising Government Stability Against All Electoral Odds.” Acta Politica 41 (4): 389–407. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ap.5500139.
  • Tops, P. W. 1990. Afspiegeling en afspraak: Coalitietheorie en collegevorming in Nederlandse gemeenten (1946–1986). Den Haag: VUGA.
  • Tops, P. W. 1993. “Monisme en dualisme: Het “primaat van de raad” nader nekeken.” In Leden van de Raad, …: Hoe zien raadsleden uit zeven grote gemeenten het raadslidmaatschap?, edited by B. Denters, and H. Van der Kolk, 145–167. Delft: Eburon.
  • Van Vonno, C. M. C. 2012. “Role-Switching in the Dutch Parliament: Reinvigorating Role Theory?” The Journal of Legislative Studies 18 (2): 119–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/13572334.2012.673061.
  • Van Vonno, C. M. C. 2019. “Achieving Party Unity in the Netherlands: Representatives’ Sequential Decision-Making Mechanisms at Three Levels of Dutch Government.” Party Politics 25 (5): 664–678. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068819836042.
  • Verhelst, T., and K. Peters. 2024. “Scrutinising Council Scrutiny: From Theoretical Black Box to Analytical Toolbox1.” Local Government Studies 50 (1): 128–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2023.2185227.
  • Verhelst, T., H. Reynaert, and K. Steyvers. 2011. “Foundation or Fragment of Local Democracy? Empirically Assessing the Roles of Local Councillors in Belgian Governance.” Lex Localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 9 (2): 103–122. https://doi.org/10.4335/9.2.103-122(2011).
  • Visser, J., H. Vollaard, and F. Meijerink. 2015. “Hoe korter, des te langer? Over het verband tussen coalitieakkoorden en conflicten in gemeenten.” Bestuurswetenschappen 69 (4): 6–22. https://doi.org/10.5553/Bw/016571492015069004002.
  • Volden, C., A. E. Wiseman, and D. E. Wittmer. 2013. “When are Women More Effective Lawmakers than Men?” American Journal of Political Science 57 (2): 326–341. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12010.
  • Wahlke, J. C. 1962. “Theory: A Framework for Analysis.” In The Legislative System: Explorations in Legislative Behaviour, edited by J. C. Wahlke, H. Eulau, W. Buchanan, and L. C. Ferguson, 3–28. New York: John Wiley.