Fibromyalgia - symptom or diagnosis: A definition of the position

References

• Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB, Bennett RM, Bombardier C, Goldenberg DL, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the Classification of Fibro-myalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33 :160– 72.
   Google Scholar
• Simons DG. Clinical and etiological update of myofascial pain from trigger points. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 1996; 4 :93– 121.
   Google Scholar
• Muller W, Lautenschläger J. Die generalisierte Tendomyo-pathie (GTM)-Teil 1: Klinik, Verlauf und Differentialdiag-nose. Z Rheumatol 1990; 49 :11– 21.
   Google Scholar
• Yunus MB, Khan MA, Rawlings KK, Green JR, Olson JM, Shah S. Genetic linkage analysis of multicase families with fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol 1999; 26 :408– 12.
   Google Scholar
• Bondy B, Spaeth M, Offenbaecher M, Glatzeder K, Stratz T, Schwarz M, et al. The T102C polymorphism of the 5-HT2A-receptor gene in fibromyalgia. Neurobiol Dis 1999; 6 :433– 9.
   Google Scholar
• Henriksson KG, Mense S. Pain and nociception in fibro-myalgia: clinical and neurobiological considerations on aetiology and pathogenesis. Pain Rev 1994; 1 :245– 60.
   Google Scholar
• Russell U. Advances in fibromyalgia: possible role for central neurochemicals. Am J Med Sci 1998; 315 :377– 84.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett RM, Cook DM, Clark SR, Burckhardt CS, Campbell SM. Hypothalamic-pituitary-insulin-like growth factor-I axis dysfunction in patients with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 1997; 24 :1384– 9.
   Google Scholar
• Crofford LJ, Engleberg NC, Demitrack MA. Neurohormonal perturbations in fibromyalgia. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol 1996; 10 :365– 78.
   Google Scholar
• Neeck G, Riedel W. Neuromediator and hormonal perturba-tions in fibromyalgia syndrome: results of chronic stress? Baillieres Clin Rheumatol 1994; 8 :763– 75.
   Google Scholar
• Yunus MB, Dailey JW, Aldag JC, Masi AT, Jobe PC. Plasma and urinary catecholamines in primary fibromyalgia: a controlled study. J Rheumatol 1992; 19 :95– 7.
   Google Scholar
• Yunus MB, Kalyan Raman UP, Masi AT, Aldag JC. Electron microscopic studies of muscle biopsy in primary fibromyalgia syndrome: a controlled and blinded study. J Rheumatol 1989; 16 :97– 101.
   Google Scholar
• Bengtsson A, Henriksson KG, Larsson J. Muscle biopsy in primary fibromyalgia. Light-microscopical and histochemical findings. Scand J Rheumatol 1986; 15 :1– 6.
   Google Scholar
• Drewes AM, Andreasen A, Schroder HD, Hogsaa B, Jennum P. Pathology of skeletal muscle in fibromyalgia: a histo-immuno-chemical and ultrastructural study. Br J Rheumatol 1993; 32 :479– 83.
   Google Scholar
• Kalyan Raman UP, Kalyan Raman K, Yunus MB, Masi AT. Muscle pathology in primary fibromyalgia syndrome: a light microscopic, histochemical and ultrastructural study. J Rheumatol 1984; 11 :808– 13.
   Google Scholar
• Pongratz DE, Späth M. Morphologic aspects of muscle pain syndromes-a critical review. Phys Med Rehabil Clin of North America 1997; 8 :55– 68.
   Google Scholar
• Pongratz DE. Zur Myopathologie der generalisierten Tendo-myopathie. In: Miiller W, ed. Generalisierte Tendomyopathie . Darmstadt : Steinkopff , 1991;145– 52.
   Google Scholar
• Späth M, Stratz T, Schmalisch P, Milner W, Pongratz D. Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency and fibromyalgia. Arthri-tis Rheum 1998; 41 :256.
   Google Scholar
• Späth M, Stratz T, Schmalisch P, Fischer P, Haslinger A, Schwarz M, et al. Substance P in skeletal muscle of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. J Muskuloske Pain 1998; 6 Suppl 2:78.
   Google Scholar
• Bradley LA, Alberts KR, Alarcon GS. Abnormal brain regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of substance P (SP) in patients and non-patients with fibromyalgia (FM) [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum 1996: 39 Supp1:212.
   Google Scholar
• Russell IJ, Orr MD, Littman B, Vipraio GA, Alboukrek D, Michalek JE, et al. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of substance P in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37 :1593– 601.
   Google Scholar
• Vaeroy H, Helle R, Forre 0, Kass E, Terenius L. Elevated CSF levels of substance P and high incidence of Raynaud phenomenon in patients with fibromyalgia : new features for diagnosis. Pain 1988; 32: 21– 6.
   Google Scholar