Effects of Static and Dynamic Shoulder Rotator Exercises in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A randomised comparison of impairment, disability, handicap, and health.

References

• Nordemar R, Ekblom B, Zachrisson L, Lundqvist K. Physical training in rheumatoid arthritis: A controlled long-term study. I. Scand J Rheumatol 1981;10:17–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harkcom TM, Lampman RM, Banwell BF, Castor CW. Ther-apeutic value of graded aerobic exercise training in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1985;28,1:32–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyngberg K, Danneskiold-Samsoe B, Halskov 0. The effects of physical training on patients with rheumatoid arthritis: changes in disease activity, muscle strength and aerobic capa-city. A clinically controlled minimized cross-over study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1988;6: 253–60.
   Google Scholar
• Minor MA, Hewett JE, Webel RR, Anderson SK, Kay DR. Efficacy of physical conditioning exercise in patients with rheu-matoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1989;32,11:1396–405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekdahl C, Andersson SI, Moritz U, Svensson B. Dynamic ver-sus static training in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1990;19:17–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Häkkinen A, Häkkinen K, Hannonen P. Effects of strength training on neuromuscular function and disease activity in patients with recent-onset inflammatory arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1994;23:237–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StenstrOm CH. Home exercise in rheumatoid arthritis func-tional class II: Goal setting versus pain attention. J Rheumatol 1994;21:627–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Ende CHM, Hazes JMW, le Cessie S, Mulder WJ, Belfor DG, Breedveld FC, et al. Comparison of high and low intensity training in well controlled rheumatoid arthritis. Results of a randomised clinical trial. Ann Rheum Dis 1996;55:798–805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BostrOm C, Ljungquist T. Aktiv dynamisk träning - nagot for reumatiker med axelsmärta? In Swedish: (Active dynamic training for patients' with rheumatoid arthritis and shoulder pain?) Sjukgymnasten 1984;14:25–9.
   Google Scholar
• Mannerkorpi K, Bjelle A. Evaluation of a home training pro-gramme to improve shoulder function in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Physiother Theory Pract 1994;10:69–76.
   Google Scholar
• Rall LC, Meydani SN, Kehayias JJ, Dawson-Hughes B, Roubenoff R. The effect of progressive resistance training in rheumatoid arthritis. Increased strength without changes in energy balance or body composition. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:3: 415–26.
   Google Scholar
• Machover S, Sapecky AJ. Effect of isometric exercise on the quadriceps muscle in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1966;47:737–41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ekblom B, Lovgren O, Alderin M, FridstrOm M, Sätterstrom G. Effect of short-term physical training on patients with rheu-matoid arthritis. A six-month follow-up study. Scand J Rheu-matol 1975;4:87–91.
   Google Scholar
• Nordemar R, Berg U, Ekblom B, Edstrom L. Changes in mus-cle fibre size and physical performance in patients with rheuma-toid arthritis after 7 months' physical training. Scand J Rheumatol 1976;5:233–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danneskiold-Samsoe B, Lyngberg K, Risum T, Telling M. The effect of water exercise therapy given to patients with rheuma-toid arthritis. Scand J Rehab Med 1987;19:31–5.
   Google Scholar
• Van Deusen J, Harlowe D. The efficacy of the ROM Dance pro-gram for adults with rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Occup Ther 1987;41:2: 90–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stenstrom CH, Lindell B, Swanberg E, Swanberg P, Harms-Ringdahl K, Nordemar R. Intensive dynamic training in water for rheumatoid arthritis functional class II. A long-term study of effects. Scand J Rheumatol 1991;20:358–65.
   Google Scholar
• Lyngberg KK, Harreby M, Bentzen H, Frost B, Danneskiold-Samsoe B. Elderly rheumatoid arthritis patients on steroid treatment tolerate physical training without an increase in dis-ease activity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994;75:1189–95.
   Google Scholar
• Minor M, Hewett JE. Physical fitness and work capacity in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 1995;8:3: 146–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenstrom CH, Arge B, Sundbom A. Dynamic training versus relaxation training as home exercise for patients with inflam-matory rheumatic diseases. A randomized controlled study. Scand J Rheumatol 1996;25:28–33.
   Google Scholar
• Hall J, Skevington M, Maddison PJ, Chapman K. A rando-mized and controlled trial of hydrotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 1996;9:3: 206–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lyngberg K, Tvede N, Halkjaer-Kristensen J, Andersen V, Pedersen BK. Physical exercise modulates the cellular immune system in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1991;1:167–73.
   Google Scholar
• Ekdahl C, Andersson SI, Ekman R, Svensson B. Dynamic training and circulating neuropeptides in rheumatoid arthritis: a two-year follow-up study. Pain 1992;49:61–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenstrom CH. Therapeutic exercise in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 1994;7:4: 190–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nickel VL, Kristy J, McDaniel LV. Physical therapy for rheu-matoid arthritis. Phys Ther 1965;45:198–204.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nordesjo LO, Nordgren B, Wigren A, Kolstad K. Isometric strength and endurance in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthrosis in the knee joints. Scand J Rheuma-tol 1983;12:152–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bostrom C, Harms-Ringdahl K, Nordemar R. Shoulder, elbow and wrist movement impairment - predictors of disability in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rehab Med 1997;29:223–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, McShane DJ, Fries JF, Cooper NS, et al. The American Rheumatism Association 1987. Revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1988;31:315–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bostrom C, Harms-Ringdahl K, Nordemar R. Relationships between measurements of impairment, disability, pain and dis-ease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients with shoulder pro-blems. Scand J Rheumatol 1995;24:352–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fries JF. The assessment of disability: from first to future prin-ciples. Br J Rheumatol 1983;22 Suppl 3:48–58.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jette AM, Davies AR, Cleary PD, Calkins DR, Rubenstein LV, Fink A. The Functional Status Questionnaire: Reliability and validity when used in primary care. J Gen Intern Med 1986;1:143–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergner M, Bobbitt RA, Carter WB, Gilson BS. The Sickness Impact Profile: development and final revision of a health sta-tus measure. Med Care 1981;19:787–805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinbrocker O, Traeger CH, Batterman RC. Therapeutic cri-teria in rheumatoid arthritis. JAMA 1949;140:659.
   Google Scholar
• International classification of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps. A manual of classification relating to the consequences of disease. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Archenholtz B, Ahlmen M, Bengtsson C, Bjelle A, Hansson G, Lurie M, et al. Reliability of articular indices and function tests in a population study of rheumatic disorders. Clin Rheumatol 1989;8:215–24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smolen JS, Breedveld FC, Eberl G, Jones I, Leeming M, Wylie GL, et al. Validity and reliability of the twenty-eight-joint count for the assessment of rheumatoid arthritis activity. Arthritis Rheum 1995;38:38–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg G. A category scale with ratio properties for intermodal and interindividual comparisons. In Proceedings 1982 from XXIInd Int. Congr. of Psychology, Leipzig, GDR, July 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Harms-Ringdahl K, Carlsson AM, Ekholm J, Raustorp A, Svensson T, Tresson HG. Pain assessment with different inten-sity scales in response to loading of joint structures. Pain 1986;27:401–11.
   Google Scholar
• Boström C, Harms-Ringdahl K, Nordemar R. Clinical reliabil-ity of shoulder function assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1991;20:36–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noble BJ, Borg GAY, Jacobs I, Ceci R, Kaiser P. A category-ratio perceived exertion scale: relationship to blood and muscle lactates and heart rate. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1983;15:523–8.
   Google Scholar
• Skinner JS, Hutsler R, Bergsteinova V, Buskirk R. The validity and reliability of a rating scale of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1973;5:94–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lannersten L, Harms-Ringdahl K, Schfildt K, Ekholm J, the Stockholm MUSIC 1 Study group. Isometric strength in flex-ors, abductors, and external rotators of the shoulder. Clin Bio-mech 1993;8:235–42.
   Google Scholar
• Lannersten L. Reliabilitet vid mätning av isometrisk styrka och uthallighet In swedish: (Reliability of measurement of iso-metric muscle strength and endurance). Projektarbete (unpub-lished paper) Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Karolinska institutet 1992 / 3.
   Google Scholar
• Myhr U, von Wendt L. Improvement of functional sitting posi-tion for children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1991;33:246–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Söderback I, Schult ML, Nordemar R. Assessment of patients with chronic back pain using the "Functional Status Question-naire". Scand J Rehab Med 1993;25: 139–43.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ekdahl C, Eberhardt K, Andersson SI, Svensson B. Assessing disability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: use of a Swed-ish version of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire. Scand J Rheumatol 1988;17:263–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan M, Ahlmen M, Archenholtz B, Svensson G. Measur-ing health in rheumatic disorders by means of a Swedish ver-sion of the Sickness Impact Profile. Results from a population study. Scand J Rheumatol 1986;15:193–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward MM. Are patient self-report measures of arthritis con-founded by mood? A longitudinal study of patients with rheu-matoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1994;21:1046–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustavsen R, Streeck R. Training therapy. Prophylaxis and rehabilitation. 2. rev. ed. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Kramer JF, Ng LR. Concurrent validity of isokinetic dynam-ometer and hand-held dynamometer protocols in assessment of isometric shoulder rotation strength. Isokinet Exerc Sci 1995;5:37–42.
   Google Scholar
• Harms-Ringdahl K, Ekholm J, Arborelius UP, Nemeth G, Schfildt K. Load moment, muscle strength and level of muscu-lar activity during internal rotation training of the shoulder (In: Recent Advances in Rehabilitation Medicine). Scand J Rehab Med 1983;9 Supp1:125–35.
   Google Scholar
• Harms-Ringdahl K, Arborelius UP, Ekholm J, Nemeth G, Schfildt K. Shoulder externally rotating exercises with pulley apparatus. Joint load and EMG. Scand J Rehab Med 1985;17:129–40.
   Google Scholar
• Bonde Petersen F, Graudal H, Hansen JW, Hvid N. The effect of varying the number of muscle contractions on dynamic mus-cle training. Int Z Angew Physiol 1961;18:468–73.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hansen JW. The training effect of repeated isometric muscle contractions. Int Z Angew Physiol 1961;18:474–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Andersson S. The functional background in acupuncture effects. Scand J Rehab Med 1993;Suppl 29:31–60.
   Google Scholar
• Thoren P, Floras JS, Hoffmann P, Seals DR. Endorphins and exercise: physiological mechanisms and clinical implications. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990;22:4: 417–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byers PH. Effect of exercise on morning stiffness and mobility in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Res Nurs Health 1985;8:275–81.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ward MM. Clinical measures in rheumatoid arthritis: Which are most useful in assessing patients? J Rheumatol 1993;21:17–21.
   Google Scholar
• Prevoo MLL, Van Riel PLCM, Van 'T Hof MA, Van Rijswijk MH, Van Leeuwen MA, Kuper HH, et al. Validity and reliabil-ity of joint indices. A longitudinal study in patients with recent onset rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1993;32:589–94.
   Google Scholar
• Spiegel JS, Leake B, Spiegel TM, Paulus HE, Kane RL, Ward NB, et al. What are we measuring? An examination of self-reported functional status measures. Arthritis Rheum 1988;31:6: 721–728.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McFarlane AC, Brooks PM. An analysis of the relationship between psychological morbidity and disease activity in rheu-matoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1988;15:926–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meenan RF, Gertman PM, Mason JH, Dunaif R. The Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales. Further investigation of a health status measure. Arthritis Rheum 1982;25:9: 1046–53.
   Google Scholar
• Katz JN, Larson MG, Phillips CB, Fossel AH, Liang MH. Comparative measurement sensitivity of short and longer health status instruments. Med Care 1992;30:10: 917–25.
   Google Scholar
• Andersson SI, Ekdahl C. Dynamic and static physical training in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: application of a self-appraisal and coping model. Disabil Rehabil 1996;18:9: 469–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar