Genetic relationships among Berbers and South Spaniards based on CD4 microsatellite/Alu haplotypes

References

• ARNAIZ-VILLENA, A., MARTINEZ-LASO, J., CrómEz-CAsAoo, E., DiAz-CAmPos, N., SANTOS, P., MARTINHO, A., and BREDA-COIMBRA, E., 1997, Relatedness among Basques, Portuguese, Spaniards, and Algerians studied by HLA allelic frequencies and haplotypes. Immunogenetics, 47, 37–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BERTORELLE, G., and EXCOFFIER, L., 1998, Inferring admixture proportions from molecular data. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 15, 1298–1311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOSCH, E., CLAFELL, F., SANTOS, F. R., PEREZ-LEZAUN, A., COMAS, D., BENCHEMSI, N., TYLER-SMITH, C., and BERTRANPETIT, J., 1999, STR variation is deeply structured by genetic background On the human Y chromosome. American Journal of Human Genetics, 65, 1623–1638.
   Google Scholar
• BOSCH, E., CALAFELL, F., PEREZ-LEZAUN, A., CLARIMGN, J., COMAS, D., MATEU, E., MARTINEZ-ARIAS, R., MORERA, B., BRAKEZ, A., AICHAYAT, O., SEFIANI, A., HARITI, G., CAMBON-THOMSEN, A., and BERTRANPETIT, J., 2000, Genetic structure of north-west Africa revealed by STR analysis. European Journal of Human Genetics, 8, 360–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRAICEZ, A., BOSCH, E., ISABEL, H., AKHAYAT, O., COMAS, D., BERTRANPETIT, J., and CALAFELL, F., 2001, Human mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in the Moroccan populations of the Souss area. Annals of Human Biology, 28, 295–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COMAS, D., CALAFELL, F., BENCHEMSI, N., HELAL, A., LEFRANC, G., STONEKING, M., BATZER, M. A., BERTRANPETIT, J., and SAJANTIL AA., 2000, Alu insertion polymorphisms in NW Africa and the Iberian Peninsular: evidence for a strong genetic boundary through the Gibraltar Straits. Human Genetics, 107, 312–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FELSENSTEIN, J., 1989, PHYLIP: Phylogeny Inference Package (version 3.2). Cladistics, 5, 164–166.
   Google Scholar
• FERNANDEZ-SANTANDER, A., KANDIL, M., LUNA, F., ESTEBAN, E., JINdNEZ, F., ZAOUI, D., and MORAL, P., 1999, Genetic relationships between Southeastern Spain and Morocco: new data on ABO, RH, MNSs, and DUFFY polymorphisms. American Journal of Human Biology, 11, 745–752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FERNANDEZ-SANTANDER, A., KANDIL, M., LUNA, F., and MORAL, P., 2002, Twenty nuclear DNA polymorphisms in a Moroccan population: a comparison with seven other human populations. Human Biology, 74, 695–706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FLORES, C., MACA-MEYER, N., GONZALEZ, A. M., and CABRERA, V. M., 2000, Northwest African distribution of the CD4/Alu microsatellite haplotypes. Annals of Human Genetics, 64, 321–327.
   Google Scholar
• FLORES, C., MACA-MEYER, N., PtREZ, J. A., and CABRERA, V. M., 2001, The peopling of the Canary Islands: A CD4/Alu Microsatellite haplotype perspective. Human Immunology, 62, 949–953.
   Google Scholar
• GONZALEZ, A. M., BREHM, A., PEREZ, J. A., MACA-MEYER, N., FLORES, C., and CABRERA, V. M., 2003, Mitochondrial DNA affinities at the Atlantic fringe of Europe. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 120, 391–404.
   Google Scholar
• GONZALEZ-PEREZ, E., VIA, M., ESTEBAN, E., LOPEZ-ALOMAR, A., MAZIERES, S., HARICH, N., KANDIL, M., DUGOUJON, J. M., and MORAL, P., 2003, Alu insertions in the Iberian Peninsula and NW Africa: genetic boundaries or melting pot? Collegium Ant ropologicum, 27, 491–500.
   Google Scholar
• HARICH, N., ESTEBAN, E., CHAFIK, A., LOPEZ-ALOMAR, A., VONA, G., and MORAL, P., 2002, Classical polymorphisms in Berbers from Moyen Atlas (Morocco): genetics, geography, and historical evi-dence in the Mediterranean peoples. Annals of Human Biology, 39, 473–487.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOURANI, A. H., 1991, A History of the Arab Peoples (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University).
   Google Scholar
• JACKES, M., LUBELL, D., and MEIKLEJOHN, C., 1997, On physical anthropological aspects of the Mesolithic—Neolithic transition in the Iberian Peninsula. Current Anthropology, 38, 839–846.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KANDIL, M., MORAL, P., ESTEBAN, E., AUTORI, L., MAMELI, G. E., ZAOUI, D., CALO, C., LUNA, F., VACCA, L., and VONA, G., 1999, Red cell enzyme polymorphisms in Moroccans and Southeastern Spaniards: new data for the genetic history of the Western Mediterranean. Human Biology, 71, 791–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NEI, M., 1987, Molecular Evolutionary Genetics (New York: Columbia University Press).
   Google Scholar
• PLAZA, S., CALAFELL, F., HELAL, A., BOUZERNA, N., LEFRANC, G., BERTRANPETIT, J., and COMAS, D., 2003, Joining the Pillars of Hercules: mtDNA sequences show multidirectional gene flow in the Western Mediterranean. Annals of Human Genetics, 67, 312–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAYMOND, M., and ROUSSET, F., 1995, GENEPOP: population software for exact tests and ecumenicism. Journal of Heredity, 86, 248–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RICHARDS, M., MACAULAY, V., HICKEY, E., VEGA, E., SYKES, B., GUIDA, V., RENGO, C., SELLITTO, D., CRUCIANI, F., KIVISILD, T., VILLEMS, R., THOMAS, M., RYCHKOV, S., RYCHKOV, O., RYCHKOV, Y., GOLGE, M., DIMITROV, D., HILL, E., BRADLEY, D., ROMANO, V., CALI, F., VONA, G., DEMAINE, A., PAPIHA, S., TRIANTAPHYLLIDIS, C., and STEFANESCU, G., 2000, Tracing European founder lineages in the Near Eastern mtDNA. American Journal of Human Genetics, 67, 1251–1276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHNEIDER, S., ROESSLI, D., and EXCOFFIER, L., 2000, Arlequin (ver. 2000). A software for population genetic data analysis. Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
   Google Scholar
• SIMONI, L., GUERESI, P., PETTENER, D., and BARBUJANI, G., 1999, Patterns of gene flow inferred from genetic distances in the Mediterranean region. Human Biology, 71, 399–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TISHKOFF, S. A., DIETZSCH, E., SPEED, W., PAKSTIS, A. J., KIDD, J. R., CHEUNG, K., BONN-TAmiR, B., SANTACHIARA-BENERECETTI, A. S., MORAL, P., KRINGS, M., P;UBO, S., WATSON, E., RISCH, N., JENKINS, T., and KIDD, K. K., 1996, Global patterns of linkage disequilibrium at the CD4 locus and modern human populations. Science, 271, 1380–1387.
   Google Scholar
• TORRONI, A., BANDELT, H. J., D'URBANO, L., LAHERMO, P., MORAL, P., SELLITTO, D., RENGO, C., FORSTER, P., SAVONTAUS, M. L., BONNt-TAmin, B., and SCOZZARI, R., 1998, mtDNA analysis reveals a major late Paleolithic expansion from Southwestern to Northeastern Europe. American Journal of Human Genetics, 62, 1137–1152.
   Google Scholar
• TRILL°, C., 1994, La Alpujarra antes y después de la conquista castellana (Granada: Universidad de Granada).
   Google Scholar