REFERENCES
- Adams, J., K. Hennessy-Priest, S. Ingimarsdottir, J. Sheeshka, T. Ostbye and M. White. 2009. Food advertising during children’s television in Canada and the UK. Archives of Disease in Childhood 94 (9): 658–662.
- Adams, J., R. Tyrrell, A. J. Adamson and M. White. 2012. Socio-economic differences in exposure to television food advertisements in the UK: A cross-sectional study of advertisements broadcast in one television region. Public Health Nutrition 15 (3): 487–494.
- Adamson, J. 2004. Evaluation of studies of causation (etiology). Evidence Based Nursing 7 (2): 36–40.
- Anschutz, D. J., R. C. Engels and T. Van Strien. 2009. Side effects of television food commercials on concurrent nonadvertised sweet snack food intakes in young children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 89 (5): 1328–1333.
- Anschutz, D. J., R. C. M. E. Engels and T. Van Strien. 2010. Maternal encouragement to be thin moderates the effect of commercials on children’s snack food intake. Appetite 55 (1): 117–123.
- Barton, S. 2000. Which clinical studies provide the best evidence? The best RCT still trumps the best observational study. BMJ 321 (7256): 255–256.
- Boone, J. E., P. Gordon-Larsen, L. S. Adair and B. M. Popkin. 2007. Screen time and physical activity during adolescence: Longitudinal effects on obesity in young adulthood. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 4:26.
- Blumberg, J., R. P Heaney, M. Huncharek, T. Scholl, M. Stampfer, R. Vieth, C. M Weaver, and S. H Zeisel. 2010. Evidence-based criteria in the nutritional context. Nutrition Reviews 68 (8): 478–484.
- Brown, K. A., J. Ogden, C. Vogele and E. L. Gibson. 2008. The role of parental control practices in explaining children’s diet and BMI. Appetite 50 (2–3): 252–259.
- Caroli, M., L. Argentieri, M. Cardone and A. Masi. 2004. Role of television in childhood obesity prevention. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 28 (Suppl 3): S104–108.
- Carter, O. B., L. J. Patterson, R. J. Donovan, M. T. Ewing and C. M. Roberts. 2011. Children’s understanding of the selling versus persuasive intent of junk food advertising: Implications for regulation. Social Science & Medicine 72 (6): 962–968.
- Cecil, J. E., R. Tavendale, P. Watt, M. M. Hetherington and C. N. A. Palmer. 2008. An obesity-associated FTO gene variant and increased energy intake in children. New England Journal of Medicine 359 (24): 2558–2566.
- Crespo, C. J., E. Smit, R. P. Troiano, S. J. Bartlett, C. A. Macera and R. E. Andersen. 2001. Television watching, energy intake, and obesity in US children: Results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 155 (3): 360–365.
- Crowley, V. E., G. S. Yeo and S. O’Rahilly. 2002. Obesity therapy: Altering the energy intake-and-expenditure balance sheet. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1 (4): 276–286.
- Dietz, W. H. and S. L. Gortmaker. 1985. Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 75 (5): 807–812.
- Doeschka J Anschutz, Rutger CME Engels and Tatjana Van Strien. 2009. Side effects of television food commercials on concurrent nonadvertised sweet snack food intakes in young children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 89:1328–1333.
- Dovey, T. M., L. Taylor, R. Stow, E. J. Boyland and J. C. Halford. 2011. Responsiveness to healthy television (TV) food advertisements/commercials is only evident in children under the age of seven with low food neophobia. Appetite 56 (2): 440–446.
- Drewnowski, A. 1997. Taste preferences and food intake. Annual Review of Nutrition 17 (1): 237–253.
- Ebbeling C. B., D. B. Pawlak, and D. S. Ludwig. 2002. Childhood obesity: Public-health crisis, common sense cure. Lancet 360 (9331): 473–482.
- Egger, G., and B. Swinburn. 1997. An “ecological” approach to the obesity pandemic. BMJ 315 (7106): 477–480.
- Fenton, T. R., and C. J. Fenton. 2011. Nutrition science mustn’t accept a lower level of evidence. Nutrition Reviews 69 (7): 413–414; reply 415–416.
- Gardner, R. M., R. G. Sorter, and B. N. Friedman. 1997. Developmental changes in children’s body images. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality 12:1019–1036.
- Gorn, G. J., and M. E. Goldberg. 1982. Behavioral evidence of the effects of televised food messages on children. Journal of Consumer Research 9 (2): 200–205.
- Halford, J. C., E. J. Boyland, G. Hughes, L. P. Oliveira, and T. M. Dovey. 2007. Beyond-brand effect of television (TV) food advertisements/commercials on caloric intake and food choice of 5–7-year-old children. Appetite 49 (1): 263–267.
- Halford, J. C., E. J. Boyland, G. M. Hughes, L. Stacey, S. McKean, and T. M. Dovey. 2008. Beyond-brand effect of television food advertisements on food choice in children: The effects of weight status. Public Health Nutrition 11 (9): 897–904.
- Halford, J. C., J. Gillespie, V. Brown, E. E. Pontin, and T. M. Dovey. 2004. Effect of television advertisements for foods on food consumption in children. Appetite 42 (2): 221–225.
- Harris, J. L., J. A. Bargh, and K. D. Brownell. 2009. Priming effects of television food advertising on eating behavior. Health Psychology 28 (4): 404–413.
- Hastings, G., M. Stead, L. McDermott, A. Forsyth, A. M. MacKintosh, M. Rayner, C. Godfrey, M. Caraher, and K. Angus. 2003. Review of research on the effects of food promotion to children. Glasgow, Scotland: Center for Social Marketing, University of Strathclyde Glasgow.
- Jackson, D. M., K. Djafarian, J. Stewart, and J. R. Speakman. 2009. Increased television viewing is associated with elevated body fatness but not with lower total energy expenditure in children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 89 (4): 1031–1036.
- Jadad, A. R., R. A. Moore, D. Carroll, C. Jenkinson, D. J. M. Reynolds, D. J. Gavaghan, and H. J. McQuay. 1996. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary? Controlled Clinical Trials 17 (1): 1–12.
- Jago, R., T. Baranowski, J. C. Baranowski, D. Thompson and K. A. Greaves. 2005. BMI from 3–6 y of age is predicted by TV viewing and physical activity, not diet. International Journal of Obesity (London) 29 (6): 557–564.
- Kumanyika, S., R. W. Jeffery, A. Morabia, C. Ritenbaugh, and V. J. Antipatis. 2002. Public Health Approaches to the Prevention of Obesity (PHAPO) Working Group of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). International Journal of Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders 26 (3): 425–436.
- Kunkel, D., B. L. Wilcox, J. Cantor, E. Palmer, S. Linn, and P. Dowrick. 2004. Report of the APA Task Force on Advertising and Children, 40. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Lobstein, T., L. Baur, and R. Uauy. 2004. Obesity in children and young people: A crisis in public health. Obesity Reviews 5 (Suppl 1): 4–104.
- Manios, Y., G. Kourlaba, K. Kondaki, E. Grammatikaki, A. Anastasiadou, and E. Roma-Giannikou. 2009. Obesity and television watching in preschoolers in Greece: The GENESIS study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 17 (11): 2047–2053.
- Mendoza, J. A., F. J. Zimmerman, and D. A. Christakis. 2007. Television viewing, computer use, obesity, and adiposity in US preschool children. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity 4:44.
- Rennie, K. L., L. Johnson, and S. A. Jebb. 2005. Behavioral determinants of obesity. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 19 (3): 343–358.
- Scaglioni, S., C. Arrizza, F. Vecchi, and S. Tedeschi. 2011. Determinants of children’s eating behavior. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 94 (6 Suppl): 2006S–2011S.
- Scaglioni, S., M. Salvioni, and C. Galimberti. 2008. Influence of parental attitudes in the development of children eating behavior. British Journal of Nutrition 99 (Suppl 1): S22–25.
- Schmidt, M. E., J. Haines, A. O’Brien, J. McDonald, S. Price, B. Sherry, and E. M. Taveras. 2012. Systematic review of effective strategies for reducing screen time among young children. Obesity (Silver Spring) 20 (7): 1338–1354.
- Snoek H. M., T. Van Strien, J. M. A. M. Janssens, and R. C. M. E Engels. 2007. Emotional, external, restrained eating and overweight in Dutch adolescents. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 48:23–32.
- Turner, M. G., and A. R. Piquero. 2002. The stability of self-control. Journal of Criminal Justice 30:457–471.
- Van Strien, T., and F. G. Bazelier. 2007. Perceived parental control of food intake is related to external, restrained and emotional eating in 7–12-year-old boys and girls. Appetite 49:618–625.
- von Kries, R., H. Reulen, O. Bayer, C. Riedel, K. Diethelm, and A. E. Buyken. 2012. Increase in prevalence of adiposity between the ages of 7 and 11 years reflects lower remission rates during this period. Pediatric Obesity 8 (1): 13–20.
- Vyth, E. L., I. H. Steenhuis, H. E. Brandt, A. J. Roodenburg, J. Brug, and J. C. Seidell. 2012. Methodological quality of front-of-pack labeling studies: A review plus identification of research challenges. Nutrition Reviews 70 (12): 709–720.
- Wang, Y., and T. Lobstein. 2006. Worldwide trends in childhood overweight and obesity. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 1 (1): 11–25.
- WHO. 2000. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. Technical Report Series 894, i–xii; 1–253. Rome: World Health Organization.
- Wills, T.A., C. R. Isasi, D. Mendoza, and M. G. Ainette. 2007. Self-control constructs related to measures of dietary intake and physical activity in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health 41:551–558.
- Wood, K. C., J. A. Becker, and J. K. Thompson. 1996. Body image dissatisfaction in preadolescent children. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 17:85–100.