REFERENCES
- Stein H., Mason D. Y., Gerdes J., O'Connor N., Wainscoat J., et al. The expression of the Hodgkin's disease associated antigen Ki-1 in reactive and neoplastic lymphoid tissue: evidence that Reed-Sternberg cells and histiocytic malignancies are derived from activated lymphoid cells. Blood 1985; 66: 848–858
- Falini B., Bigerna B., Fizzotti M., Pulford K., Pileri S. A., et al. ALK expression defines a distinct group of T/null lymphomas (“ALK lymphomas”) with a wide morphological spectrum. Am. J. Pathol. 1998; 153: 875–886
- Iwahara T., Fujimoto J., Wen D., Cupples R., Bucay N., et al. Molecular characterization of ALK, a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed specifically in the nervous system. Oncogene 1997; 14: 439–44
- Ruchatz H., Coluccia A. M., Stano P., Marchesi E., Gambacorti-Passerini C. Constitutive activation of Jak2 contributes to proliferation and resistance to apoptosis in NPM/ALK-transformed cells. Exp. Hematol. 2003; 31: 309–315
- Ma Z., Cools J., Marynen P., Cui X., Siebert R., et al. Inv(2)(p23q35) in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma induces constitutive anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase activation by fusion to ATIC, an enzyme involved in purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Blood 2000; 95: 2144–2149
- Hernandez L., Pinyol M., Hernandez S., Bea S., Pulford K., et al. TRK-fused gene (TFG) is a new partner of ALK in anaplastic large cell lymphoma producing two structurally different TFG-ALK translocations. Blood 1999; 94: 3265–3268
- Hernandez L., Bea S., Bellosillo B., Pinyol M., Falini B., et al. Diversity of genomic breakpoints in TFG-ALK translocations in anaplastic large cell lymphomas: identification of a new TFG-ALK(XL) chimeric gene with transforming activity. Am. J. Pathol. 2002; 160: 1487–1494
- Cools J., Wlodarska I., Somers R., Mentens N., Pedeutour F., et al. Identification of novel fusion partners of ALK, the anaplastic lymphoma kinase, in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2002; 34: 354–362
- Colleoni G. W., Bridge J. A., Garicochea B., Liu J., Filippa D. A., et al. ATIC-ALK: A novel variant ALK gene fusion in anaplastic large cell lymphoma resulting from the recurrent cryptic chromosomal inversion, inv(2)(p23q35). Am. J. Pathol. 2000; 156: 781–789
- Rosenwald A., Ott G., Pulford K., Katzenberger T., Kuhl J., et al. t(1;2)(q21;p23) and t(2;3)(p23;q21): two novel variant translocations of the t(2;5)(p23;q35) in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Blood 1999; 94: 362–364
- Tort F., Pinyol M., Pulford K., Roncador G., Hernandez L., et al. Molecular characterization of a new ALK translocation involving moesin (MSN-ALK) in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Lab. Invest. 2001; 81: 419–426
- Trinei M., Lanfrancone L., Campo E., Pulford K., Mason D. Y., et al. A new variant anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-fusion protein (ATIC-ALK) in a case of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Cancer Res. 2000; 60: 793–798
- Wlodarska I., De Wolf-Peeters C., Falini B., Verhoef G., Morris S. W., et al. The cryptic inv(2)(p23q35) defines a new molecular genetic subtype of ALK-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Blood 1998; 92: 2688–2695
- Yee H. T., Ponzoni M., Merson A., Goldstein M., Scarpa A., et al. Molecular characterization of the t(2;5) (p23; q35) translocation in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (Ki-1) and Hodgkin's disease. Blood 1996; 87: 1081–1088
- Borer R. A., Lehner C. F., Eppenberger H. M., Nigg E. A. Major nucleolar proteins shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm. Cell 1989; 56: 379–390
- Bischof D., Pulford K., Mason D. Y., Morris S. W. Role of the nucleophosmin (NPM) portion of the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma-associated NPM-anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion protein in oncogenesis. Mol. Cell Biol. 1997; 17: 2312–2325
- Bai R. Y., Dieter P., Peschel C., Morris S. W., Duyster J. Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase of large-cell anaplastic lymphoma is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase that utilizes phospholipase C-gamma to mediate its mitogenicity. Mol. Cell Biol. 1998; 18: 6951–6961
- Zamo A., Chiarle R., Piva R., Howes J., Fan Y., et al. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) activates Stat3 and protects hematopoietic cells from cell death. Oncogene 2002; 21: 1038–1047
- Zhang Q., Raghunath P. N., Xue L., Majewski M., Carpentieri D. F., et al. Multilevel dysregulation of STAT3 activation in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive T/null-cell lymphoma. J. Immunol. 2002; 168: 466–474
- Bai R. Y., Ouyang T., Miething C., Morris S. W., Peschel C., Duyster J. Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase associated with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt antiapoptotic signaling pathway. Blood 2000; 96: 4319–4327
- Slupianek A., Nieborowska-Skorska M., Hoser G., Morrione A., Majewski M., et al. Role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway in nucleophosmin/anaplastic lymphoma kinase-mediated lymphomagenesis. Cancer Res. 2001; 61: 2194–2199
- Cussac D., Greenland C., Roche S., Bai R. Y., Duyster J., et al. Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma recruits, activates, and uses pp60c-src to mediate its mitogenicity. Blood 2004; 103: 1464–1471
- Fujimoto J., Shiota M., Iwahara T., Seki N., Saton H., et al. Characterization of th transforming activity of p80, a hyperphosphorylated protein in a Ki-1 lymphoma cell line with chromosomal translocation t(2;5). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1996; 93: 4181–4186
- Kuefer M. U., Look A. T., Pulford K., Behm F. G., Pattengale P. K., et al. Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer of NPM-ALK causes lymphoid malignancy in mice. Blood 1997; 90: 2901–2910
- Chiarle R., Gong J. Z., Guasparri I., Pesci A., Cai J., et al. NPM-ALK transgenic mice spontaneously develop T-cell lymphomas and plasma cell tumors. Blood 2003; 101: 1919–1927
- Miething C., Grundler R., Fend F., Hoepfl J., Mugler C., et al. The oncogenic fusion protein nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) induces two distinct malignant phenotypes in a murine retroviral transplantation model. Oncogene 2003; 22: 4642–4647
- Ergin M., Denning M. F., Izban K. F., Amin H. M., Martinez R. L., et al. Inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in anaplastic large cell lymphoma with NPM-ALK (p80) fusion protein. Exp. Hematol. 2001; 29: 1082–1090
- Hubinger G., Wehnes E., Xue L., Morris S. W., Maurer U. Hammerhead ribozyme-mediated cleavage of the fusion transcript NPM-ALK associated with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Exp. Hematol. 2003; 31: 226–233
- Ritter U., Damm-Welk C., Fuchs U., Bohle R. M., Borkhardt A., Woessmann W. Design and evaluation of chemically synthesized siRNA targeting the NPM-ALK fusion site in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Oligonucleotides 2003; 13: 365–373
- Druker B. J. Inhibition of the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase as a therapeutic strategy for CML. Oncogene 2002; 21: 8541–8546
- Wohlbold L., Van Der Kuip H., Miething C., Vornlocher H. P., Knabbe C., et al. Inhibition of bcr-abl gene expression by small interfering RNA sensitizes for imatinib mesylate (STI571). Blood 2003; 102(6)2236–2239
- Scherr M., Battmer K., Winkler T., Heidenreich O., Ganser A., Eder M. Specific inhibition of bcr-abl gene expression by small interfering RNA. Blood 2003; 101: 1566–1569
- Greenland C., Touriol C., Chevillard G., Morris S. W., Bai R., et al. Expression of the oncogenic NPM-ALK chimeric protein in human lymphoid T-cells inhibits drug-induced, but not Fas-induced apoptosis. Oncogene 2001; 20: 7386–7397
- Adam P., Katzenberger T., Seeberger H., Gattenlohner S., Wolf J., et al. A case of a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of plasmablastic type associated with the t(2;5)(p23;q35) chromosome translocation nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma recruits, activates, and uses pp60c-src to mediate its mitogenicity. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2003; 27: 1473–1476
- Wasik M. A. Expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and other malignant neoplasms. biological, diagnostic, and clinical implications. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 2002; 118: S81–92, (Suppl)
- Piva R., et al. Ablation of oncogenic ALK is a viable therapeutic approach for anaplastic large-cell lymphomas. Blood 2006; 107: 689–697
- Marzec M., et al. Inhibition of ALK enzymatic activity in T-cell lymphoma cells induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation and STAT3 phosphorylation independently of Jak3. Lab. Invest. 2005; 85: 1544–1554