A Missing Piece of Occupational Therapy Education: Attitudes About Sex

References

• Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE). (2018). 2018 Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE®) Standards and Interpretive Guide (effective July 31, 2020). American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 72, 721241005.
   Google Scholar
• Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (2023). 2023 Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE®) Standards and Interpretive Guide (effective July 31, 2025). Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education.
   Google Scholar
• American Association of Sex Educators, Counselors, and Therapists (2023). AASECT sexuality education certification requirements. https://www.aasect.org/certification/aasect-requirements-sexuality-educator- certification
   Google Scholar
• American Occupational Therapy Association (2022). Academic programs annual data report: Academic year 2020–2021. https://www.aota.org/-/media/corporate/files/educationcareers/educators/2020-2021-annual-data-report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• American Occupational Therapy Association. (2020). Occupational therapy practice framework: Domain and process (4th ed.). American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(Suppl. 2), Article 7412410010. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.74S2001
   Google Scholar
• Addlakha, R., Price, J., & Heidari, S. (2017). Disability and sexuality: Claiming sexual and reproductive rights. Reproductive Health Matters, 25(50), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/09688080.2017.1336375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Areskoug-Josefsson, K., & Fristedt, S. (2019). Occupational therapy students’ views on addressing sexuality. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 26(4), 306–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2017.1418021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asfia, M. (2017). Addressing sexuality in occupational therapy. OT Practice, 22(9), CE1–CE8.
   Google Scholar
• Bathje, M., Schrier, M., Williams, K., & Olson, L. (2021). The lived experience of sexuality among adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A scoping review. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy: Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, 75(4), 7504180070. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2021.045005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolding, D. J., Rodriguez, V., Nguyen, H., & Drabble, L. A. (2020). Survey of occupational therapy students’ attitudes, knowledge and preparedness for treating LGBT clients. Journal of Occupational Therapy Education, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.26681/jote.2020.040203
   Google Scholar
• Cao, C., Yang, L., Xu, T., Cavazos-Rehg, P. A., Liu, Q., McDermott, D., Veronese, N., Waldhoer, T., Ilie, P. C., Shariat, S. F., & Smith, L. (2020). Trends in sexual activity and associations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among U.S. adults. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(10), 1903–1913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, L., & Wengert, D. (1998). University preparation of the sexuality educator. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 23(1), 83–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/01614576.1998.11074211
   Google Scholar
• Duran, R. R., & Valdes, K. A. (2021). Sexuality within occupational therapy education: Assessing faculty and student perceived competence. Journal of Occupational Therapy Education, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.26681/jote.2021.050105
   Google Scholar
• Eglseder, K., Webb, S., & Rennie, M. (2018). Sexual functioning in occupational therapy education: A survey of programs. The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.15453/2168-6408.1446
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eisenberg, M. E., Madsen, N., Oliphant, J. A., Sieving, R. E., & Resnick, M. (2010). “Am I qualified? How do I know?” A qualitative study of sexuality educators’ training experiences. American Journal of Health Education, 41(6), 337–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2010.10599162
   Google Scholar
• Esmail, S., Darry, K., Walter, A., & Knupp, H. (2010). Attitudes and perceptions towards disability and sexuality. Disability and Rehabilitation, 32(14), 1148–1155. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638280903419277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everett, B. G., Higgins, J. A., Haider, S., & Carpenter, E. (2019). Do sexual minorities receive appropriate sexual and reproductive health care and counseling? Journal of Women’s Health (2002), 28(1), 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2017.6866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford, J. V., Ivankovich, M. B., Douglas, J. M., Hook, E. W., Barclay, L., Elders, J., Satcher, D., & Coleman, E. (2017). The need to promote sexual health in America: A new vision for public health action. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 44(10), 579–585. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48512282 https://doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forrest, J. D., & Silverman, J. (1989). What public school teachers teach about preventing pregnancy, AIDS, and sexually transmitted diseases. Family Planning Perspectives, 21(2), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.2307/2135556
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Flynn, K. E., Lin, L., Bruner, D. W., Cyranowski, J. M., Hahn, E. A., Jeffery, D. D., Reese, J. B., Reeve, B. B., Shelby, R. A., & Weinfurt, K. P. (2016). Sexual satisfaction and the importance of sexual health to quality of life throughout the life course of U.S. adults. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13(11), 1642–1650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.08.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freak-Poli, R., Licher, S., Ryan, J., Ikram, M. A., & Tiemeier, H. (2018). Cognitive impairment, sexual activity and physical tenderness in community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional exploration. Gerontology, 64(6), 589–602. https://doi.org/10.1159/000490560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuzzell, L., Fedesco, H. N., Alexander, S. C., Fortenberry, J. D., & Shields, C. G. (2016). “I just think that doctors need to ask more questions”: Sexual minority and majority adolescents’ experiences talking about sexuality with healthcare providers. Patient Education and Counseling, 99(9), 1467–1472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2016.06.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gessner, M., Bishop, M. B., Martos, A., Wilson, B. D. M., & Russell, S. T. (2020). Sexual minority people’s perspectives of sexual health care: Understanding minority stress in sexual health settings. Sexuality Research & Social Policy: Journal of NSRC: SR & SP, 17(4), 607–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-019-00418-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gianotten, W. L., Jenna, C., Alley, J. C., & Diamond, L. M. (2021). The health benefits of sexual expression. International Journal of Sexual Health, 33(4), 478–493. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2021.1966564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon, E. G. (2021). A medical education recommendation for improving sexual health and humanism and professionalism. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 9(1), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sxmr.2020.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gore-Gorszewska, G. (2020). “Why not ask the doctor?” Barriers in help-seeking for sexual problems among older adults in Poland. International Journal of Public Health, 65(8), 1507–1515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01472-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granville, L., & Pregler, J. (2018). Women’s sexual health and aging. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 66(3), 595–601. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyland, A., & McGrath, M. (2013). Sexuality and occupational therapy in Ireland – a case of ambivalence? Disability and Rehabilitation, 35(1), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2012.688920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kcomt, L., Gorey, K. M., Barrett, B. J., & McCabe, S. E. (2020). Healthcare avoidance due to anticipated discrimination among transgender people: A call to create trans-affirmative environments. SSM - Population Health, 11, 100608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krantz, G., Tolan, V., Pontarelli, K., & Cahill, S. M. (2016). What do adolescents with developmental disabilities learn about sexuality and dating? A potential role for occupational therapy. The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy, 4(2), 5. https://doi.org/10.15453/2168-6408.1208
   Google Scholar
• Lee, S., Fenge, L., & Collins, B. (2020). Disabled people’s voices on sexual well-being. Disability & Society, 35(2), 303–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2019.1634522
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepage, C., Auger, L. P., & Rochette, A. (2021). Sexuality in the context of physical rehabilitation as perceived by occupational therapists. Disability and Rehabilitation, 43(19), 2739–2749. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2020.1715494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohman, H. L., Kobrin, A., & Chang, W.-P. (2017). Exploring the activity of daily living of sexual activity: A survey in occupational therapy education. The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy, 5(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.15453/2168-6408.1289
   Google Scholar
• Mc Grath, M., & Sakellariou, D. (2016). Why has so little progress been made in the practice of occupational therapy in relation to sexuality? The American Journal of Occupational Therapy: Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, 70(1), 7001360010p1–7001360010p5. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2016.017707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrath, M., & Lynch, E. (2014). Occupational therapists’ perspectives on addressing sexual concerns of older adults in the context of rehabilitation. Disability and Rehabilitation, 36(8), 651–657. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2013.805823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne, M. J., Greer, D. L., & Corbin, D. E. (1988). Sexual functioning as a topic in occupational therapy training: A survey of programs. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy: Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, 42(4), 227–230. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.42.4.227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennanen-Iire, C., Prereira-Lourenço, M., Padoa, A., Ribeirinho, A., Samico, A., Gressler, M., Jatoi, N. A., Mehrad, M., & Girard, A. (2021). Sexual health implications of COVID-19 pandemic. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 9(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sxmr.2020.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieters, R., Kedde, H., & Bender, J. (2018). Training rehabilitation teams in sexual health care: Adescription and evaluation of a multidisciplinary intervention. Disability and Rehabilitation, 40(6), 732–739. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2016.1271026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabbitte, M. (2020). Sex education in school, are gender and sexual minority youth included?: A decade in review. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 15(4), 530–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2020.1832009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramírez-Villalobos, D., Monterubio-Flores, E. A., Gonzalez-Vazquez, T. T., Molina-Rodríguez, J. F., Ruelas-González, M. G., & Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E. (2021). Delayingsexual onset: Outcome of a comprehensive sexuality education initiative for adolescentsin public schools. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1439. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11388-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rowen, T., Stein, S., & Tepper, M. (2015). Sexual health care for people with physical disabilities. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12(3), 584–589. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin, E. S., Rullo, J., Tsai, P., Criniti, S., Elders, J., Thielen, J. M., & Parish, S. J. (2018). Best practices in North American pre-clinical medical education in sexual history taking: Consensus from the summits in medical education in sexual health. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 15(10), 1414–1425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.08.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safer, J. D., Coleman, E., Feldman, J., Garofalo, R., Hembree, W., Radix, A., & Sevelius, J. (2016). Barriers to healthcare for transgender individuals. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity, 23(2), 168–171. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakellariou, D., & Algado, S. S. (2006). Sexuality and occupational therapy: Exploring the link. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 69(8), 350–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/030802260606900802
   Google Scholar
• Sanabria, S., & Murray, T. L.Jr. (2018). Infusing human sexuality content and counseling in counselor education curriculum. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 13(2), 190–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2018.1457461
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skurtu, A. (2017, February 6). Polyamory and kink relationships. The American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy Blog. https://blog.aamft.org/2017/02/polyamory-and-kink-relationships.html#:∼:text=A%20kink%20is%20most%20directly,in%20terms%20of%20sexual%20style
   Google Scholar
• Soares, K. G., & Meneghel, S. N. (2021). The silenced sexuality in dependent older adults. Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, 26(1), 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020261.30772020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stardust, Z., Cook, T., Hopkins, L., Gray, J., & Olsen, K. (2017). Effective and meaningful inclusion of trans and gender diverse people in HIV prevention. ACON and PASH.tm.
   Google Scholar
• Sulak, P. J., Herbelin, S., Kuehl, A., & Kuehl, T. J. (2005). Analysis of knowledge and attitudes of adult groups before and after attending an educational presentation regarding adolescent sexual activity. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 193(6), 1945–1954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2005.05.059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Synovitz, L., Hebert, E., Kelley, R. M., & Carlson, G. (2002). Sexual knowledge of college students in a southern state: Relationship to sexuality education. American Journal of Health Studies, 17(4)., 163–172.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, B., & Davis, S. (2006). Using the Extended PLISSIT model to address sexual healthcare needs. Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain): 1987), 21(11), 35–40. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns2006.11.21.11.35.c6382
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tietjen-Smith, T., Balkin, R., & Kimbrough, S. (2008). Development and validation of the sex education confidence scale (SECS). Journal of Education and Human Development, 2(2), 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Valvano, A. K., West, L. M., Wilson, C. K., Macapagal, K. R., Penwell-Waines, L. M., Waller, J. L., & Stepleman, L. M. (2014). Health professions students’ perceptions of sexuality in patients with physical disability. Sexuality and Disability, 32(3), 413–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11195-014-9347-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verrastro, V., Saladino, V., Petruccelli, F., & Eleuteri, S. (2020). Medical and health care professionals’ sexuality education: State of the art and recommendations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldura, J. F., Arora, I., Randall, A. M., Farala, J. P., & Sprott, R. A. (2016). Fifty shades of stigma: Exploring the health care experiences of kink-oriented patients. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13(12), 1918–1929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.09.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, J. L. (2001). A qualitative study of parents’ experiences of providing sex education for their children: The implications for health education. Health Education Journal, 60(2), 132–146. https://doi.org/10.1177/001789690106000205
   Google Scholar
• Young, K., Dodington, A., Smith, C., & Heck, C. S. (2020). Addressing clients’ sexual health in occupational therapy practice. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy. Revue Canadienne D’ergotherapie, 87(1), 52–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008417419855237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamboni, B. D., & Ross, M. W. (2019). Measuring the effect of sexual health education training in professionals: Structure of the sexual health education for professional scale (SHEPS) among marriage and family therapy graduate students. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 46(3), 541–554. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar