Evaluation of Contextual and Demographic Factors on Licorice Effects on Reducing Hot Flashes in Postmenopause Women

REFERENCES

• Abedi , P. and Najar , S. H. 2006 . Menopause health , Qom , , Iran : Ashura . (In Persian)
   Google Scholar
• Asl , M. N. and Hosseinzadeh , H. 2008 . Review of pharmacological effects of Glycyrrhiza sp. and its bioactive compounds . Phytotherapy Research , 22 : 709 – 724 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayatollahi , S. M. T. , Ghaem , H. and Ayatollahi , S. A. R. 2005 . Sociodemographic factors and age at natural menopause in Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran . Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal , 11 : 146 – 154 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berek , J. S. 2007 . Berek and Novak's gynecology (14th ed.) , Philadelphia , PA : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins .
   Google Scholar
• Blumenthal , M. , Goldberg , A. and Brinckmann , J. 2000 . Herbal medicine: Expanded commission E monographs (1st ed.) , Newton , MA : Integrative Medicine Communications .
   Google Scholar
• Chopin Lucks , B. 2003 . Vitex agnus castus essential oil and menopausal balance: A research update . Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery , 9 : 157 – 160 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Colditz , G. A. , Hankinson , S. E. , Hunter , D. J. , Willett , W. C. , Manson , J. E. , Stampfer , M. J. and Speizer , F. E. 1995 . The use of estrogens and progestins and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women . The New England Journal of Medicine , 332 : 1589 – 1593 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Anna , R. , Cannata , M. L. , Marini , H. , Atteritano , M. , Cancellieri , F. , Corrado , F. and Squadrito , F. 2009 . Effects of the phytoestrogen genistein on hot flashes, endometrium, and vaginal epithelium in postmenopausal women: A 2-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study . Menopause , 16 : 301 – 316 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geller , S. E. and Studee , L. 2005 . Botanical and dietary supplements for menopausal symptoms: What works, what does not? . Journal of Women's Health , 14 : 634 – 649 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haines , C. J. , Xing , S. M. , Park , K. H. , Holinka , C. F. and Ausmanas , M. K. 2005 . Prevalence of menopausal symptoms in different ethnic groups of Asian women and responsiveness to therapy with three doses of conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate: The Pan-Asia menopause (PAM) study . Maturitas , 52 : 264 – 276 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , D. A. , Weiss , N. S. and LaCroix , A. Z. 2000 . Adherence to postmenopausal hormone therapy during the year after the initial prescription . American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 182 : 270 – 276 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirata , J. D. , Swiersz , L. M. , Zell , B. , Small , R. and Ettinger , B. 1997 . Does dong quai have estrogenic effects in postmenopausal women? . Fertility and Sterility , 68 : 981 – 986 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kronenberg , F. and Fugh-Berman , A. 2002 . Complementary and alternative medicine for menopausal symptoms: A review of randomized, controlled trials . Annals of Internal Medicine , 137 : 805 – 813 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laakmann , E. , Grajecki , D. , Doege , K. , Eulenburg , C. Z. and Buhling , K. J. 2012 . Efficacy of cimicifuga racemosa, hypericum perforatum and agnus castus in the treatment of climacteric complaints: A systematic review . Gynecological Endocrinology , 28 : 703 – 709 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marinac , J. S. , Buchinger , C. L. , Godfrey , L. A. , Wooten , J. M. , Sun , C. and Willsie , S. K. 2007 . Herbal products and dietary supplements: A survey of use, attitudes, and knowledge among older adults . The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association , 107 ( 1 ) : 13 – 23 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mayo , J. L. 1999 . A natural approach to menopause . Applied Nutritional Science Reports , 5 ( 7 ) : 1 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , H. G. and Li , R. M. 2004 . Measuring hot flashes: Summary of a National Institutes of Health workshop . Mayo Clinic Proceedings , 79 : 777 – 781 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mirheidar , H. 2003 . Botany application of plants in prevention and treatment of diseases ( , 4th ed. , Vol. 3 , 1 – 20 . Tehran , , Iran : Daftar Nashr-e-Farhang Islamic . (In Persian)
   Google Scholar
• Mørch , L. S. , Løkkegaard , E. , Andreasen , A. H. , Kjær , S. K. and Lidegaard , Ø. 2012 . Hormone therapy and ovarian borderline tumors: A national cohort study . Cancer Causes and Control , 23 ( 1 ) : 113 – 120 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morelli , V. and Naquin , C. 2002 . Alternative therapies for traditional disease states: Menopause . American Family Physician , 66 ( 1 ) : 129 – 134 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murkies , A. L. , Lombard , C. , Strauss , B. J. , Wilcox , G. , Burger , H. G. and Morton , M. S. 2008 . Dietary flour supplementation decreases post-menopausal hot flashes: Effect of soy and wheat . Maturitas , 61 ( 1–2 ) : 27 – 33 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nahas , E. A. , Nahas-Neto , J. , Orsatti , F. L. , Carvalho , E. P. , Oliveira , M. L. and Dias , R. 2007 . Efficacy and safety of a soy isoflavone extract in postmenopausal women: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study . Maturitas , 58 : 249 – 258 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nahidi , F. , Taherpour , M. , Mojab , F. and Alavi Majd , H. 2008 . Effects of anise abstract on menopausal hot flashes . Pejouhandeh , 13 : 167 – 173 . (In Persian)
   Google Scholar
• Nahidi , F. , Zare , E. , Mojab , F. and Alavi Majd , H. 2011 . The effect of licorice root extract on hot flashes in menopause . Pejouhandeh , 16 ( 1 ) : 11 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Nelson , H. D. 2008 . Menopause . The Lancet , 371 : 760 – 770 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nomura , T. , Fukai , T. and Akiyama , T. 2002 . Chemistry of phenolic compounds of licorice (Glycyrrhiza species) and their estrogenic and cytotoxic activities . Pure and Applied Chemistry , 74 : 1199 – 1206 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• North American Menopause Society . 2004 . Treatment of menopause associated vasomotor symptoms: Position statement of the North American menopause society . Menopause , 11 : 11 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ody , P. 2000 . The complete guide to medicinal herbs (2nd ed.) , London , , England : Dorling-Kindersley .
   Google Scholar
• Petri Nahas , E. , Nahás Neto , J. , De Luca , L. , Traiman , P. , Pontes , A. and Dalben , I. 2004 . Benefits of soy germ isoflavones in postmenopausal women with contraindication for conventional hormone replacement therapy . Maturitas , 48 : 372 – 380 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizzorno , J. E. and Murray , M. T. 2005 . Text book of natural medicine , Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier Health Sciences .
   Google Scholar
• Pretorius , E. , Oberholzer , H. M. , van der Spuy , W. J. and Meiring , J. H. 2010 . The changed ultrastructure of fibrin networks during use of oral contraception and hormone replacement . Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis , 30 : 502 – 506 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahimikian , F. , Golian , S. H. , Mehran , A. and Bashiri , A. 2002 . Assessment the rate of use or refusal of hormon replacement therapy in menopausal women referred to gynecology clinics, in selected hospitals of Tehran University Medical Sciences . Hayat: Journal of Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , 8 ( 15 ) : 53 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Reeves , G. K. , Beral , V. , Green , J. , Gathani , T. and Bull , D. 2006 . Hormonal therapy for menopause and breast-cancer risk by histological type: A cohort study and meta-analysis . The Lancet Oncology , 7 : 910 – 918 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slupik , R. 2005 . The everything menopause book: Reassuring advice and the latest information to keep you healthy and sane , Edited by: Samdanifard , M. and Samdanifard , H. Tehran , , Iran : Arjmand . (Original work published 2003)
   Google Scholar
• Sowers , M. R. and La Pietr , M. T. 1995 . Menopause: Its epidemiology and potential association with chronic diseases . Epidemiology Reviews , 17 : 287 – 302 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speroff , L. , Glass , R. H. and Kase , N. G. 2005 . Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility (7th ed.) , New York , NY : Lippincott Williams and Wilkins .
   Google Scholar
• Sturdee , D. W. 2001 . The hot flash: The enigma of the climacteric . Climacteric , 4 : 1 – 3 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tice , J. A. , Ettinger , B. , Ensrud , K. , Wallace , R. , Blackwell , T. and Cummings , S. R. 2003 . Phytoestrogen supplements for the treatment of hot flashes: The Isoflavone Clover Extract (ICE) study: A randomized controlled trial . Journal of the American Medical Association , 290 : 207 – 214 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uma Devi , K. and Swarup , A. 2001 . Evaluation of clinical efficacy of menotab in alleviating symptoms of menopausal syndrome: Phase III open clinical trials . The Antiseptic , 98 ( 3 ) : 87 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Utian , W. H. 2005 . Psychosocial and socioeconomic burden of vasomotor symptoms in menopause: A comprehensive review . Health and Quality of Life Outcomes , 3 : 47 – 57 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Washburn , S. , Burke , G. L. , Morgan , T. and Anthony , M. 1999 . Effect of soy protein supplementation on serum lipoproteins, blood pressure, and menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal women . Menopause , 6 : 7 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiteman , M. K. , Staropoli , C. A. , Langenberg , P. W. , McCarter , R. J. , Kjerulff , K. H. and Flaws , J. A. 2003 . Smoking, body mass, and hot flashes in midlife women . Obstetrics & Gynecology , 101 : 264 – 272 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wikipedia . 2012 . The population pyramid Retrieved from http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA
   Google Scholar